基于乡镇尺度的中国25省区人口分布特征及影响因素

doi:10.11821/dlxb201508004

Abstract

Abstract:

Spatial pattern of population distribution has a typical character of scale dependency. Fine-scale estimation of the population distribution has been a huge challenge in the field of population geography. In China, township is the finest administrative unit in official population census data. Thus, population density data at township level can be used to describe and characterize the population spatial pattern and changes elaborately, and support optimized layout plan of Chinese population, and government policy decision making. Township boundaries across 25 provinces in China had been collected in this study. The 5th national population census data was spatially joined to the boundary layer for population density calculation. Methods of Lorenz curve, geo-spatial analysis, and latitude/longitude transect had been applied to reveal the agglomeration degree, spatial patterns of population distribution with latitude and longitude. Based on the correlation and stepwise regression analysis, four variables, including relief degree of land surface (RDLS), water system density (WSD), road system density (RSD) and nighttime light index (NTL), were introduced to check the variety of population distribution in each province. The results showed that: (1) the variety of population distribution can be distinguished clearly by the mean population density on township scale than that of county level. (2) The overall population distribution can be characterized as dense in the southeast and sparse in the northwest, while lower population density occurs in some part of southeastern China, and vice versa. (3) The population density at township level along six designed longitude and latitude transects varies greatly. The possible impact factors include the three-level landscape features, local topography, regional economy, and the proximity to coastline, transportation hub, and hydrological systems. The correlation coefficient at provincial level, between the RDLS, WSD, RSD, NTL, and the population density has been identified as 0.56, 0.28, 0.61, and 0.69, respectively. At township level, topography and economy exert more impacts on population distribution in Liaoning, Jilin, Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Hebei, Henan, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Shandong, Anhui, Jiangsu, Hunan, Hubei, Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangdong, and Hainan. In addition to the four factors mentioned above, it is necessary to introduce more natural or social factors to explore the population distribution pattern in Tibet, Qinghai, Inner Mongolia, Yunnan, and Guizhou. This study expanded the research scale and dimension of the research in population geography research in China. The resulted population density dataset in 2000 is expected to enrich the baseline data resources for population geography development in China and the world.

Key words: population distribution, township scale, pattern, influencing factor, China

Zhongqiang BAI, Juanle WANG, Yaping YANG, Jiulin SUN. Characterizing spatial patterns of population distribution at township level across the 25 provinces in China[J].Acta Geographica Sinica, 2015, 70(8): 1229-1242.

Figures/Tables 8

Fig. 1

Tab. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

Tab. 2

Tab. 3

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人口密度值域(人/km²)	统计单元个数	总人口	人口占比(%)	总面积(m²)	面积占比(%)
0~1	186	356016	0.035914	1201187.5	22.42
1~25	1306	7381681	0.744651	1147617.9	21.42
25~50	1448	13261169	1.337764	352827.9	6.58
50~100	3520	45756518	4.615839	621186.9	11.59
100~200	5353	104297661	10.52137	726212.1	13.55
200~400	6101	178520688	18.00886	621046.8	11.59
400~600	4137	160010916	16.14163	326480.6	6.09
600~800	2506	118583652	11.96252	172208.9	3.21
800~1000	1086	60013297	6.054038	68053.7	1.27
1000~1500	974	69480221	7.009045	58056.9	1.08
1500~2000	405	38712399	3.90524	22352.7	0.42
> 2000	1231	194919411	19.66314	40953.3	0.76

	RDLS	WSD	RSD	NTL
安徽	-0.632^**	0.329^**	0.547^**	0.590^**
北京	-0.727^**	0.371^**	0.732^**	0.871^**
福建	-0.766^**	0.648^**	0.402^**	0.774^**
广东	-0.697^**	0.491^**	0.631^**	0.753^**
贵州	0.043	0.122^**	0.513^**	0.631^**
海南	-0.691^**	0.441^**	0.715^**	0.685^**
河北	-0.840^**	0.256^**	0.545^**	0.663^**
河南	-0.614^**	0.123^**	0.634^**	0.682^**
湖北	-0.680^**	0.490^**	0.626^**	0.661^**
湖南	-0.679^**	0.308^**	0.594^**	0.625^**
吉林	-0.441^**	0.084*	0.595^**	0.657^**
江苏	-0.046	-0.205^**	0.652^**	0.865^**
江西	-0.600^**	0.394^**	0.584^**	0.632^**
辽宁	-0.491^**	0.184^**	0.727^**	0.818^**
内蒙古	-0.036	0.430^**	0.603^**	0.564^**
宁夏	-0.267^**	0.562^**	0.543^**	0.698^**
青海	-0.850^**	-0.072	0.517^**	0.459^**
山东	-0.229^**	-0.021	0.676^**	0.813^**
山西	-0.725^**	0.091^**	0.615^**	0.720^**
陕西	-0.773^**	0.294^**	0.662^**	0.722^**
上海	0.692^**	-0.711^**	0.730^**	0.829^**
天津	-0.158^*	-0.131	0.593^**	0.831^**
西藏	-0.358^**	0.493^**	0.594^**	0.381^**
云南	-0.368^**	0.299^**	0.589^**	0.617^**
浙江	-0.820^**	0.522^**	0.586^**	0.745^**

	逐步回归方程	调整决定系数	标准估计误差
安徽	5.62-1.203RDLS+0.047NTL+0.306RSD+0.083WSD	0.609	0.5383
北京	5.557+0.039NTL-1.23RDLS+0.304RSD-0.623WSD	0.821	0.6446
福建	5.719+0.054NTL-1.283RDLS+0.493*WSD	0.744	0.6693
广东	5.735+0.036NTL-1.535RDLS+0.46*RSD	0.727	0.6235
贵州	4.679+0.109NTL+0.281RSD+0.11RDLS+0.164WSD	0.414	0.5055
海南	5.061+0.514RSD-1.526RDLS+0.059*NTL	0.752	0.4864
河北	6.041-1.365RDLS+0.043NTL-0.266WSD+0.15RSD	0.814	0.4604
河南	5.954+0.054NTL-1.163RDLS+0.254RSD+0.098WSD	0.736	0.4158
湖北	5.6-0.755RDLS+0.068NTL+0.378*RSD	0.709	0.5052
湖南	5.81-1.09RDLS+0.063NTL+0.318*RSD	0.67	0.5171
吉林	4.29+0.076NTL-1.097RDLS+0.708RSD+0.384WSD	0.563	0.7151
江苏	5.968+0.05NTL-2.145RDLS+0.109*RSD	0.759	0.5119
江西	5.3-1.11RDLS++0.088NTL0.355RSD+0.229WSD	0.625	0.5632
辽宁	4.981+0.06NTL-0.854RDLS+0.309RSD-0.189WSD	0.726	0.5853
内蒙古	-1.006+2.775WSD+0.123NTL+1.949RDLS+1.431RSD	0.58	1.1525
宁夏	2.886+0.116NTL+1.131WSD+0.429RDLS+0.395RSD	0.632	0.6729
青海	9.688-1.918RDLS+0.818RSD+0.936*WSD	0.759	0.9864
山东	5.797+0.046NTL+0.185RSD-0.47*RDLS	0.683	0.4272
山西	6.183-1.313RDLS+0.065NTL+0.291RSD-0.282WSD	0.736	0.61
陕西	6.121-1.315RDLS+0.048NTL+0.333RSD+0.377WSD	0.776	0.6857
上海	6.222+0.043NTL-0.565WSD+85.432RDLS+0.158RSD	0.826	0.7366
天津	5.327+0.056*NTL	0.689	0.6079
西藏	1.205+3.975RSD+2.73WSD+0.238NTL-0.309RDLS	0.457	0.8192
云南	4.839+0.1NTL+0.699RSD-0.373RDLS+0.345WSD	0.491	0.6529
浙江	6.278-1.417RDLS+0.048NTL	0.78	0.5322

Characterizing spatial patterns of population distribution at township level across the 25 provinces in China

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