青藏高原史前时期交流路线及其演变

doi:10.11821/dlxb202105018

Abstract

Abstract:

Eurasia mainland cultural exchange has been at the center of the international concern, especially after the Belt and Road Initiative was proposed. The unique geographical location of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau made it important to strengthen the cultural exchange between the East and the West. This paper uses natural geographical factors and cultural sites in various time periods as data sources, based on cyclic cumulative analysis of the lowest cost path-multipoint connectivity, and GIS spatial analysis (R language) to construct cultural exchange routes from the Neolithic to Bronze Age. We constructed 27 routes in the Neolithic Age with a total length of 6000 km and 30 routes in the Bronze Age with a total length of 7800 km. During the Neolithic Age, the cultural exchange routes mainly exhibited a crescent form along the Northeast-East-Southeast-Southwest margin. By the Bronze Age, the cultural exchange routes expanded to the hinterland in a net form, due to the development of cultural exchange between the settlements. The reconstructed route testified the dissemination path of colored pottery, millet, jade, sheep, wheat and bronze technology, and concretized these archaeologically conceptualized roads. In addition, this paper identified that evolution of the early plateau route was significantly influenced by climate, and also influenced by agricultural technology, introduction of domesticated livestock.

Key words: Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, communication route, prehistory, spatial numerical simulation

HOU Guangliang, , ZHU Yan, PANG Longhui. Communication route and its evolution on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau during the prehistoric time[J].Acta Geographica Sinica, 2021, 76(5): 1294-1313.

Figures/Tables 10

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时代— 文化区	名称	编号	途径河流/山脉	长度 (km)	最低海拔 (m)	最高海拔 (m)	平均海拔(m)	最小坡度 (°)	平均坡度 (°)
新石器时代区内	仰韶	YS	湟水河、黄河	196	1892	2994	2260.37	0.11	10.51
	宗日	ZR	黄河、沙珠玉河	440	2212	4130	2918.71	0.00	5.61
	马家窑	MJY	湟水河、沙珠玉河、隆务河、洮河支流、白龙江支流、大夏河支流	1098	1717	4331	2654.68	0.00	13.41
	川西	CXX	岷江、白河、梭磨河、杂谷脑河、黑河支流	428	1958	5108	3501.59	0.00	17.97
	滇北	DBX	支巴河	124	2061	4694	3395.29	1.22	24.78
	西藏	XZX	雅鲁藏布江、高原湖泊区	2133	2914	6051	4514.91	0.00	4.48
新石器时代区间	甘青—川西	G-CX	甘南谷地	66	3245	3885	3512.48	0.00	6.61
	滇北—川西	D-CX	雅砻河、硕曲河、定曲、大渡河支流、雅砻河、金沙江	979	1980	5103	3793.09	0.00	20.77
	西藏—川西	X-CX	通天河、达曲	384	3232	5030	4028.34	0.00	7.26
	西藏—滇北	X-DX	察隅河—桑曲—独龙江交汇河谷、澜沧江	279	1680	4790	3589.98	0.11	15.36
青铜时代区内	辛店	XD	湟水河	88	1846	2501	2135.76	0.11	9.79
	卡约	KY	北川河、大通河、黄河、沙珠玉河	1170	1892	4141	2926.77	0.00	6.44
	诺木洪	MNH	柴达木河、乌图美仁河、柴达木盆地东缘	805	2678	4494	3461.46	0.00	3.74
	寺洼	SW	洮河、白龙江	283	1517	3814	2838.63	0.11	16.26
	川西	CXQ	鲜水河、增曲、大金川河、川西西缘	794	1303	5189	3268.34	0.00	20.92
	滇北	DBQ	澜沧江、金沙江支流	66	1927	4137	3131.08	0.24	25.41
	西藏	XZQ	雅鲁藏布江、高原湖泊区	2627	3544	6036	4695.78	0.00	4.41
青铜时代区间	甘青—川西	G-CQ	黄河、雅砻江、洮河支流、黑河—白河间谷地	720	2338	5113	3675.61	0.00	6.74
	滇北—川西	D-CQ	大渡河支流、雅砻江支流	465	1968	4922	3663.75	0.11	22.63
	西藏—川西	X-CQ	澜沧江支流、金沙江支流、热曲河、扎曲河	599	2890	5159	4263.74	0.00	16.78
	西藏—滇北	X-DQ	察隅河—桑曲—独龙江交汇河谷、澜沧江	212	1662	4755	3422.87	0.11	20.25

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赋值	海拔(m)	坡度(°)	起伏度(m)	河流缓冲区(km)	植被
1	< 1600	< 5	< 30	5级, 0.5~5 km	温带禾草、杂类草草甸草原等
2	1600~2000	5~10	30~50	4级, 0.5~5 km	寒温带和温带山地针叶林、高寒草甸等
3	2000~2400	10~15	50~70	2级, 1~5 km	温带落叶灌丛等
4	2400~2800	15~20	70~150	1级, 1~5 km	温带针叶林、亚热带和热带山地针叶林、温带落叶小叶林等
5	2800~3200	20~25	150~300	4~5级, 5~10 km	亚热带针叶林、阔叶混交林、温带落叶阔叶林等
6	3200~3600	25~30	300~450	1~2级, 5~10 km	亚热带常绿阔叶林等
7	3600~4100	30~35	450~600	4~5级, 0.5 km	亚热带硬叶常绿阔叶林等
8	4100~4600	35~40	600~1000	2级, 1 km	热带雨林等
9	4600~5500	40~70	1000~2500	1级, 1 km	高山稀疏植被、矮半乔木和灌木荒漠、垫状矮半灌木高寒荒漠等
10	≥ 5500	≥ 70	≥ 2500	无河流缓冲区分布和湖泊地区	高寒沼泽、沙漠、裸地、积雪地、盐土等

Communication route and its evolution on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau during the prehistoric time

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