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  • 1980 Volume 35 Issue 1
    Published: 15 January 1980
      
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  • THIRTY YEARS IN GEOMORPHOLOGY IN THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
    Shen Yuchang
    1980, 35(1): 1-13. https://doi.org/10.11821/xb198001001
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    This paper describes the advances in geomorphology since liberation. The author tries to make a review of major contributions in geomorphology during these thirty years. They are outlined in ten parts: (1) fluvial geomorphology, (2) structural geomorphology and neotectonics, (3) karst phenomena, (4) loess geomorphology, (5) desert geomorphology, (6) glacial and periglacial geomorphology, (7) coast and sea floor geomorphology, (8) regional geomorphology and geomorphological mapping, (9) mud-rock flow and (10) applied geomorphology.Finally, the present article discusses the future prospects for geomorphology studies in China.
  • FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE SETTLEMENTS OF SHAOXING AREA IN HISTORICAL PERIODS
    Chen Qiaoyi
    1980, 35(1): 14-23. https://doi.org/10.11821/xb198001002
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    According to the process of formation and development in historical periods, the settlements of Shaoxing area are divided into several regional patterns: hill settlements, alluvial fan settlements, isolated hill settlements, settlements along the dyke of Jian-Hu, settlements along the seawall, and plain settlements. Different patterns of settlements have different functions. They are expressed by their particular names, such as "hill", "ridge" (in hill settlements); "dyke", "dam" (in settlements along the dyke of Jian-Hu); "river", "lake" (in plain settlements), etc.Different settlement patterns have been formed in different natural environments. Settlement pattern has never been a fixed thing. It has been formed gradually accord-ing to the gradual transforming of natural environment. The ancient people deve-loped their settlements without any plan. Now, under the socialist system, we develop our settlements by regional planning and agricultural planning.
  • FORMATION AND DISTRIBUTION OF CHEMICAL PRECIPITA-TES IN SOILS AND QUATERNARY SEDIMENTS IN NORTHERN CHINA
    Chen Jingsheng
    1980, 35(1): 24-32. https://doi.org/10.11821/xb198001003
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    Researches in chemical precipitates in soils and sediments help to reconstruct Paleogeographical pictures of Quaternary period.Main chemical precipitates in soils and sediments in northern China are ferric-manganse oxides, silion dioxides, calcium carbonates, calcium sulfates and soluble salts. The distribution areas of different chemical precipitates are different. Precipi-tates of ferric-manganse oxides and silicon dioxides are distributed widely in all natural zones in northern China, from desert zone, semidesert zone, steppe zone, forest-steppe zone up to forest zone. Precipitates of calcium carbonates occur in desert zone, semidesert zone, steppe zone, forest-steppe zone and part of forest zone. Precipitates of gypsum are restricted in desert zone and semidesert zone, while precipitates of soluble salts occur in desert zone only.Increasing varieties of chemical precipitates occur from North-east China through North China to North-west China. There are only ferric-manganse and silicon dioxides in soils of forest zone of North-east China and North China. Besides these, there are calcium carbonates in soils and sediments of North China plains, Inner Mongolian plateaus and Loess plateaus. There are also gypsum and soluble salts in soils and sediments of desert zone and semidesert zone.
  • A PRELIMINARY STUDY ON LAND TYPES IN THE HULUN BUIR STEPPE
    Dai Xu
    1980, 35(1): 33-47. https://doi.org/10.11821/xb198001004
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    The Hulun buir Steppe is located at a transitional belt between sub-humid and semi-arid regions in the temperate zone. It is one of the best pasturelands in China, large tracts of fertile arable virgin lands are also distributed there.The present article consists chiefly of two parts. In the first part, based on field observation and mapping, basic principles to classify land types in the Hulun buir Steppe are discussed, and consequently, 11 land systems and 39 land units are classified. In the second part, distrbution rules and models of land types in the Hulun buir Steppe are tentatively shown, and finally, natural features as well as land use trend for each land type are identified in a rather lengthy table.
  • A PRELIMINARY STUDY ON RECENT FLUCTUATION OF GLACIERS IN THE QILIAN SHAN
    1980, 35(1): 48-57. https://doi.org/10.11821/xb198001005
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    In recent 20 years, glaciers in the Qilian Shan have been retreating. In the Shiyang He basin in eastern part of the Qilian Shan, glaciers have been retreating 12.5-22.5 m/yr. The retreat of glaciers in western part of the Qilian Shan is rather small, 1.2-7.1 m/yr.Since 1975, our study on mass balance of some typical glaciers has proved that the nourishment to glaciers is’ increasing to a great extent. The firn line has descended obviously, as compared with that of twenty years ago. The biggest amplitude of descent in western part of the Qilian Shan reaches 250m. In last few years, our repeated surveys of glacier terminus have also shown that the retreat of glaciers in both western -ind eastern parts has been obviously slowing down.According to dendroclimatological analysis and statistics of soil and plants on moraines climatic data of Gansu Corridor, Glaciers as well as in the Qilian Shen advanced several times in 17th-19th centures. They began to retreat roughly in 1870 s. In general, temperature began to fall from 1950 s, and precipitation began rising after 1970. It is estimated that this trend will continue up to the end of this century.Based on above-mentioned facts and the phenomena of some glaciers with their snouts rising up and becoming steep, the retreating trend of glaciers in the Qilian Shan will soon come to an end. It will be replaced by a new period of advance.
  • THE FAULT DELTA
    Zhang Hunan
    1980, 35(1): 58-67. https://doi.org/10.11821/xb198001006
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    The fault delta, as here termed, is one, of which main tectonic movements, as well as some of principal geomorphic and hydrographic characteristics, are controlled by faultings. The composite Guangzhau Delta is composed of the faultmotiyated Xijiang-Beijiang Delta and the relatively stable Dongjiang Delta. The Xijiang-Beijiang delta is bordered by 2 faults of NW-trending system and crossed by some of the other system. The successive shifting to the right of Beijiang’s navigable course has been suggested to be related with the Coriolis force. However, the shifting is principally due to SW-ward inclination, resulted from faultings, of the foundation surface.
  • A MICROMETEOROLOGICAL STUDY ON THE THERMAL EFFECT OF SOIL MULCHING
    Chen Fazu
    1980, 35(1): 68-75. https://doi.org/10.11821/xb198001007
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    The chemical mulch developed by our iustitite is able to reduce effectively the evaporation from soil surface and raise its temperature. We have made a series of experiments in the fields for many years, and it has been widely applied in farming. This paper presents the preliminary study on the theory of micrometeorology of mulching soil. Starting from the basic equation of soil thermal conduction, and taking the heat balance equation as the boundary condition, temperature of various soil layers can be determined according to solution of the soil thermal conduction equation. The results of the theoretical calculation show a reasonable agreement with the actural measurements in the surburbs of Beijing in 1973 and 1974."The dissolution formula of soil surface temperature" described in this paper, can be used to study quantitatively the effects of mulching on the structure and the component of heat balance as well as the influence of environmental factors on the thermal efficiency of mulching.