汾渭平原典型城乡PM2.5中多环芳烃特征与健康风险

doi:10.11821/dlxb202103017

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to investigate the pollution characteristics and human health risk of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in heavy polluted weather in the typical urban and rural areas of the Fenwei Plain, PM_2.5 samples were collected from Xi'an and Longxian in the winter of 2018-2019. The mass concentrations of 15 PAHs characterized by carcinogenicity, mutagenicity and teratogenicity in the samples were determined using gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (GC-MS). The source of PAHs was analyzed by the diagnostic ratio and principal component method and the possible relation between PAHs mass concentrations and meteorological parameters was elaborated. In addition, human health risk caused by PAHs in PM_2.5 was assessed through the equivalent carcinogenic concentration of benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) and incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR). The results showed that the average mass concentrations of PAHs in PM_2.5 in heavy polluted weather in Xi'an and Longxian were 243.78 μg/m³ and 609.39 μg/m³, respectively, and 4-6 rings of PAHs had the highest proportion of the total. Moreover, PAHs concentrations had a significant negative correlation with atmospheric temperature, atmospheric pressure and wind speed, but irrelevant with relative humidity. Combustion source and automobile exhaust emissions were the main factors contributing to the high concentration of PAHs in Xi'an, while coal and biomass burning were the main factors contributing most to PAHs of Longxian. Health risk assessment results revealed that the carcinogenic risk caused by breathing during heavy polluted weather was higher in Longxian than that in Xi'an and the cancer risk for females was higher than that for males, and the cancer risk for adults was higher than that for children. In addition, the ILCR value of adults in both urban and rural areas exceeded the risk threshold recommended by EPA and had potential carcinogenic risks, while there was no obvious carcinogenic risk for children.

Key words: pollution characteristics, health risk, the Fenwei Plain, PM_2.5, PAHs, heavy polluted weather, pollution characteristics, health risk, the Fenwei Plain

CAI Ruiting, XIAO Shun, DONG Zhibao, CAO Junji, ZHANG Ningning, LIU Suixin, SHEN Zhenxing, XU Hongmei, TAO Yan, LI Xingmin, WANG Xin, WANG Yumeng. Characteristics and health risk of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in PM_2.5 in the typical urban and rural areas of the Fenwei Plain[J].Acta Geographica Sinica, 2021, 76(3): 740-752.

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各参数	PAHs	气温	气压	风速	相对湿度
PAHs	1
气温	-0.624^**	1
气压	-0.760^**	0.197	1
风速	-0.690^**	0.306	0.620^**	1
相对湿度	0.227	-0.193	-0.172	-0.278	1

各参数	PAHs	气温	气压	风速	相对湿度
PAHs	1
气温	-0.624^**	1
气压	-0.760^**	0.197	1
风速	-0.690^**	0.306	0.620^**	1
相对湿度	0.227	-0.193	-0.172	-0.278	1

单体PAHs	TEF_i	西安TEQ	陇县TEQ	单体PAHs	TEF_i	西安TEQ	陇县TEQ
Acy	0.001	0.00383	0.00123	Chr	0.01	0.23066	0.89568
Ace	0.001	0.00818	0.00178	BbF	0.10	2.45329	7.87647
Fl	0.001	0.00157	0.00365	BkF	0.10	3.51998	3.05048
Phe	0.001	0.01240	0.00909	BaP	1.00	18.39103	40.82083
Ant	0.010	0.01870	0.01310	IcdP	0.10	1.86381	5.06751
Flu	0.001	0.02908	0.09293	DBA	1.00	16.31994	13.74001
Pyr	0.001	0.01833	0.08488	BghiP	0.01	0.19340	0.30031
BaA	0.100	1.30446	7.76588
∑TEQ		44.36863	79.72385

单体PAHs	TEF_i	西安TEQ	陇县TEQ	单体PAHs	TEF_i	西安TEQ	陇县TEQ
Acy	0.001	0.00383	0.00123	Chr	0.01	0.23066	0.89568
Ace	0.001	0.00818	0.00178	BbF	0.10	2.45329	7.87647
Fl	0.001	0.00157	0.00365	BkF	0.10	3.51998	3.05048
Phe	0.001	0.01240	0.00909	BaP	1.00	18.39103	40.82083
Ant	0.010	0.01870	0.01310	IcdP	0.10	1.86381	5.06751
Flu	0.001	0.02908	0.09293	DBA	1.00	16.31994	13.74001
Pyr	0.001	0.01833	0.08488	BghiP	0.01	0.19340	0.30031
BaA	0.100	1.30446	7.76588
∑TEQ		44.36863	79.72385

参数	西安					陇县
	儿童		成人			儿童		成人
	男	女	男	女	男		女	男	女
IR(m³/h)	0.36	0.36	0.75	0.75		0.34	0.34	0.73	0.73
ET(h/d)	2.2	2.2	3.08	2.87		2.4	2.2	4.60	4.30
ED(a)	6	6	52	52		6	6	52	52
EF(d/a)	365	365	365	365		365	365	365	365
CSF(mg/(kg d))	3.1	3.1	3.1	3.1		3.1	3.1	3.1	3.1
BW(kg)	20.2	19.2	67.3	57.5		19.9	19.0	63.1	56.1
AT(d)	25500	25500	25500	25500		25500	25500	25500	25500
ILCR(×10^-6)	0.468	0.493	3.552	3.874		0.880	0.921	9.895	10.405

Characteristics and health risk of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in PM_2.5 in the typical urban and rural areas of the Fenwei Plain

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Characteristics and health risk of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in PM2.5 in the typical urban and rural areas of the Fenwei Plain

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Characteristics and health risk of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in PM_2.5 in the typical urban and rural areas of the Fenwei Plain