若尔盖盆地河流古洪水沉积及其对黄河水系演变问题的启示

doi:10.11821/dlxb202103009

Abstract

Abstract:

The lake environment in the Zoige Basin of the Tibetan Plateau persisted for a long time in the Quaternary. It represents a great turning point of environmental change over the eastern Tibetan Plateau when the basin was dissected, the lake disappeared and the Yellow River course formed. The ages of these important events are very complicated and therefore still controversial, which requires further research and discussion. This paper provides an overall review and perspective of these issues. An in-depth study of the accumulation of the palaeoflood deposits, chronology and hydrology will facilitate the establishment of a continuous sequence of palaeoflood events of the Yellow River on the Zoige Basin. The direct evidence of the extinction of the palaeo-lake and the appearance of the course of the Yellow River drainage basin will be obtained by identification of the stratigraphic unconformity between the earliest palaeoflood deposit and the palaeo-lake deposit. The age of these remarkable events can be achieved by using AMS- ¹⁴C and OSL dating methods. In combination with the analysis of environmental change, especially the evolution of geomorphology and hydro-climatology, this paper reveals the mechanisms of the dissection and the formation of the Yellow River course, and the disappearance of the palaeo-lake. Our latest investigation indicates that extraordinary palaeoflood events occurred during OSL age 13590±1200 a to 12980±1090 a along the Maqu reach of the Yellow River in the downstream of the Zoige Basin. The floodwater came from the melting of mountain glaciers surrounding the basin during the Bolling-Allerod warm phase of the last deglacition. This means that the palaeo-lake had disappeared and the course of the Yellow River had formed through the Zoige Basin. These results are of great significance in understanding the formation of the Yellow River course, and enriching the theory of environmental evolution over the Tibetan Plateau.

Key words: palaeoflood, lake-river evolution, drainage system, last deglaciation, Zoige Basin, Yellow River source region

HUANG Chunchang. Palaeoflood deposits in the Zoige Basin and the enlightening on the formation of the Yellow River drainage systemon the Tibetan Plateau[J].Acta Geographica Sinica, 2021, 76(3): 612-625.

Figures/Tables 7

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研究地点	沉积物性质/动物化石	发生年代	数据来源
黑河下游河岸剖面	古河漫滩相沙层出土原始牛化石	¹⁴C (26620±600) a BP	文献[28]
唐克杂威黄河右岸剖面	古河漫滩相沙层出土披毛犀化石	¹⁴C (22650±300) a BP	文献[29]
唐克郎哲岩丘坡脚黄河右岸剖面	古河流相沉积物	TL (17460±1580)~ (11470±1030) a	文献[19]
玛曲县城黄河右岸阶地剖面	古河漫滩沼泽相沉积层	¹⁴C (12120±150) a BP	文献[30]
黑河下游沼泽RH钻孔岩芯剖面	古湖相与河流沉积物界限	¹⁴C (37630±1070) a BP	文献[22]
黑河下游沼泽DC剖面	古河漫滩沙层与青灰色古湖相淤泥层界限	¹⁴C (20340±550) a BP	文献[24]
黑河口黄河右岸剖面	古河流相与青灰色古湖相淤泥层界限	¹⁴C (18745±360) a BP	文献[24]
玛曲扎西塘南黄河岸剖面	灰黑色泥炭层(其上覆盖层有冻融褶皱)	¹⁴C (14710±340) a BP	文献[24]
黑河下游沼泽RM钻孔岩芯剖面	古湖相与河流沉积物界限	¹⁴C (21600±1500) a BP	文献[20]
瓦切瓦松泥炭沼泽剖面	灰色湖相淤泥与泥炭层界限	¹⁴C (12180±90) a BP	文献[31]
玛曲县城黄河右岸阶地剖面	古河漫滩相粉沙质淤泥层	¹⁴C (21540±395) a BP	文献[39]
若尔盖黄河河岸剖面	古河流沉积物	OSL-¹⁴C (12500±1200) a	文献[40]
瓦切日干桥泥炭沼泽剖面	古湖相沉积物与泥炭层界限	¹⁴C (12600±10) a BP	文献[32]
玛曲太吾若黄河左岸剖面	黄河古洪水滞流沉积层	OSL (13590±1200) a	文献[37]
黑河下游古沙丘剖面	古风沙沉积层	OSL (10270±180) a	文献[41]
玛曲城西南冰水扇—洪积扇探槽剖面	古地震地裂缝错断的古地面	TL (22700±3100) a	文献[42]

Palaeoflood deposits in the Zoige Basin and the enlightening on the formation of the Yellow River drainage systemon the Tibetan Plateau

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