基于SWAT模型的森林分布不连续流域水源涵养量多时间尺度分析

doi:10.11821/dlxb202005013

Abstract

Abstract:

A method has been developed based on the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) to quantitatively evaluate the water conservation function of forests and its multi-time scale characteristics in a discontinuous forest watershed. Using this method, we have divided hydrological response units (HRU) based on the spatial distribution of forests, and derived a formula to quantify the water conservation in discontinuous forest watershed based on the water balance method. Here we take the Jinjiang River Basin in southeast coastal China as an example. We constructed SWAT model under land use conditions in 2006 and analyzed the temporal variation of forest water conservation in the study river basin under precipitation conditions from 2002 to 2010. The results show that (1) the SWAT model of the study area is of high accuracy, and the hydrological response unit can accurately reflect the distribution of forest patches when the area threshold is zero. The model provides a new method for evaluation of forest water conservation function in the discontinuous forest watershed using a distributed hydrological model. (2) The annual conservation of forest water in the Jinjiang River Basin was 271.41-565.25 mm. The annual conservation function of forest water is relatively stable, and there was no runoff regulation between consecutive years. The monthly conservation ranged from -29.15 mm to 154.59 mm, which is positive for most months of the year. The forest water conservation was positive in extreme precipitation period, and negative in extremely dry period. This demonstrates the function of forest water conservation in retaining rainwater in wet periods to decrease flood in the river and supplying water in dry periods to supplement the flow at the daily scale was more effective than that at the monthly scale.

Key words: forest water conservation, water balance method, distributed hydrological model, Jinjiang River Basin

LIN Feng, CHEN Xingwei, YAO Wenyi, FANG Yihui, DENG Haijun, WU Jiefeng, LIN Bingqing. Multi-time scale analysis of water conservation in a discontinuous forest watershed based on SWAT model[J].Acta Geographica Sinica, 2020, 75(5): 1065-1078.

Figures/Tables 13

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Tab. 1

Tab. 2

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

Fig. 6

Fig. 7

Fig. 8

Fig. 9

Fig. 10

Tab. 4

References 56

[1]	Yu Jingjie, Liu Changming . A review on forest hydrology study. Geographical Research, 1989,8(1):88-98.
	[ 于静洁, 刘昌明 . 森林水文学研究综述. 地理研究, 1989,8(1):88-98.]
[2]	Andreassian V . Waters and forests: From historical controversy to scientific debate. Journal of Hydrology, 2004,291(1-2):1-27.
[3]	Sandstrom K . Can forests "provide" water: Widespread myth or scientific reality? Ambio, 1998,27(2):132-138.
[4]	Vertessy R, Zhang L, Dawes W R . Plantations, river flows and river salinity. Australian Forestry, 2003,66(1):55-61.
[5]	Bonell M, Purandara B K, Venkatesh B , et al. The impact of forest use and reforestation on soil hydraulic conductivity in the Western Ghats of India: Implications for surface and sub-surface hydrology. Journal of Hydrology, 2010,391(1-2):47-62.
[6]	Jobbagy E G, Jackson R B . Groundwater use and salinization with grassland afforestation. Global Change Biology, 2010,10(8):1299-1312.
[7]	Sahin V, Hall M J . The effects of afforestation and deforestation on water yields. Journal of Hydrology, 1996,178(1-4):293-309.
[8]	Stednick J D . Hydrochemical balance of an alpine watershed in southeast Alaska. Arctic & Alpine Research, 1981,13(4):431-438.
[9]	Hou Yuanzhao, Zhang Ying, Cao Keyu. Accounting of Forest Resources. Beijing: China Science & Technology Press, 2005.
	[ 侯元兆, 张颖, 曹克瑜 . 森林资源核算. 北京: 中国科学技术出版社, 2005.]
[10]	Si Jin, Han Peng, Zhao Chunlong . Review of water conservation value evaluation methods of forest and case study. Journal of Natural Resources, 2011,26(12):2100-2109.
	[ 司今, 韩鹏, 赵春龙 . 森林水源涵养价值核算方法评述与实例研究. 自然资源学报, 2011,26(12):2100-2109.]
[11]	Wang Xiaoxue, Shen Huitao, Li Xuyong , et al. Concepts, processes and quantification methods of the forest water conservation at the multiple scales. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2013,33(4):1019-1030.
	[ 王晓学, 沈会涛, 李叙勇 , 等. 森林水源涵养功能的多尺度内涵、过程及计量方法. 生态学报, 2013,33(4):1019-1030.]
[12]	Deng Kunmei, Shi Peili, Xie Gaodi . Water conservation of forest ecosystem in the upper reaches of Yangtze River and its benefits. Resources Science, 2002,24(6):68-73.
	[ 邓坤枚, 石培礼, 谢高地 . 长江上游森林生态系统水源涵养量与价值的研究. 资源科学, 2002,24(6):68-73.]
[13]	Zhang Wenguang, Hu Yuanman, Zhang Jing , et al. Forestwater conservation and its benefits in upper reaches of Minjiang River in recent 30 years. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2007,26(7):1063-1067.
	[ 张文广, 胡远满, 张晶 , 等. 岷江上游地区近30年森林生态系统水源涵养量与价值变化. 生态学杂志, 2007,26(7):1063-1067.]
[14]	Liu Lulu, Cao Wei, Shao Quanqin . Water conservation function of forest ecosystem in the Southern and Northern Pan River watershed. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2016,36(4):603-611.
	[ 刘璐璐, 曹巍, 邵全琴 . 南北盘江森林生态系统水源涵养功能评价. 地理科学, 2016,36(4):603-611.]
[15]	Tang Yuzhi, Shao Quanqin . Water conservation capacity of forest ecosystem and its spatial variation in the upper reaches of Wujiang River. Journal of Geo-information Science, 2016,18(7):987-999.
	[ 唐玉芝, 邵全琴 . 乌江上游地区森林生态系统水源涵养功能评估及其空间差异探究. 地球信息科学学报, 2016,18(7):987-999.]
[16]	Xiao Han, Ou Yang Zhiyun, Zhao Jingzhu , et al. Forest ecosystem services and their ecological valuation: A case study of tropical forest in Jianfengling of Hainan Island. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2000,11(4):481-484.
	[ 肖寒, 欧阳志云, 赵景柱 , 等. 森林生态系统服务功能及其生态经济价值评估初探: 以海南岛尖峰岭热带森林为例. 应用生态学报, 2000,11(4):481-484.]
[17]	Zhang Jianan, Zhang Jianjun, Zhang Haibo , et al. Water conservation capacity of typical forestlands in the Loess Plateau of western Shanxi Province of northern China. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2019,41(8):105-114.
	[ 张佳楠, 张建军, 张海博 , 等. 晋西黄土区典型林分水源涵养能力评价. 北京林业大学学报, 2019,41(8):105-114.]
[18]	Zhang Biao, Li Wenhua, Xie Gaodi , et al. Characteristics of water conservation of forest ecosystem in Beijing. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2008,28(11):5619-5624.
	[ 张彪, 李文华, 谢高地 , 等. 北京市森林生态系统的水源涵养功能. 生态学报, 2008,28(11):5619-5624.]
[19]	Zeng Li, Li Jing, Li Ting , et al. Optimizing spatial patterns of water conservation ecosystem service based on Bayesian belief networks. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2018,73(9):1809-1822.
	[ 曾莉, 李晶, 李婷 , 等. 基于贝叶斯网络的水源涵养服务空间格局优化. 地理学报, 2018,73(9):1809-1822.]
[20]	Ding Chengfeng, Zhang Huifang, Li Xia , et al. Quantitative assessment of water conservation function of the natural spruce forest in the central Tianshan Mountains: A case study of the Urumqi River Basin. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2017,37(11):3733-3743.
	[ 丁程锋, 张绘芳, 李霞 , 等. 天山中部云杉天然林水源涵养功能定量评估: 以乌鲁木齐河流域为例. 生态学报, 2017,37(11):3733-3743.]
[21]	Nie Yihuang, Gong Bin, Yi Xuewen . Water conservation valuation of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Research of Soil and Water Conservation, 2009,16(5):210-212.
	[ 聂忆黄, 龚斌, 衣学文 . 青藏高原水源涵养能力评估. 水土保持研究, 2009,16(5):210-212.]
[22]	Zhou Jiawen, Gao Jixi, Gao Zhiqiu , et al. Analyzing the water conservation service function of the forest ecosystem. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2018,38(5):1679-1686.
	[ 周佳雯, 高吉喜, 高志球 , 等. 森林生态系统水源涵养服务功能解析. 生态学报, 2018,38(5):1679-1686.]
[23]	Wang Bing, Yang Fengwei, Guo Hao , et al. Specifications for assessment of forest ecosystem services in China (LY/T1721-2008). Beijing: Standards Press of China, 2008.
	[ 王兵, 杨锋伟, 郭浩 , 等. 森林生态系统服务评估规范(LY/T1721-2008). 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2008.]
[24]	Zhang Biao, Li Wenhua, Xie Gaodi , et al. Water conservation function and its measurement methods of forest ecosystem. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2009,28(3):529-534.
	[ 张彪, 李文华, 谢高地 , 等. 森林生态系统的水源涵养功能及其计量方法. 生态学杂志, 2009,28(3):529-534.]
[25]	Tallis H T, Ricketts T, Guerry A D , et al. InVEST 2.2.1 User’s Guide. The Natural Capital Project, Stanford, 2011.
[26]	Wang Jiwei, Liu Kang, Weng Naiyi . Research on water conservation service function of forest ecological system in upstream of Hanjiang River based on In-VEST Model. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation, 2014,34(5):213-217.
	[ 王纪伟, 刘康, 瓮耐义 . 基于In-VEST模型的汉江上游森林生态系统水源涵养服务功能研究. 水土保持通报, 2014,34(5):213-217.]
[27]	Bao Yubin, Li Ting, Liu Hui , et al. Spatial and temporal changes of water conservation of Loess Plateau in northern Shaanxi province by InVEST model. Geographical Research, 2016,35(4):664-676.
	[ 包玉斌, 李婷, 柳辉 , 等. 基于InVEST模型的陕北黄土高原水源涵养功能时空变化. 地理研究, 2016,35(4):664-676.]
[28]	Wang Yuchun, Zhao Jun, Fu Jiewen , et al. Quantitative assessment of water conservation function and spatial pattern in Shiyang River basin. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2018,38(13):4637-4648.
	[ 王玉纯, 赵军, 付杰文 , 等. 石羊河流域水源涵养功能定量评估及空间差异. 生态学报, 2018,38(13):4637-4648.]
[29]	Pan Tao, Wu Shaohong, Dai Erfu , et al. Spatiotemporal variation of water source supply service in Three Rivers Source Area of China based on InVEST model. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2013,24(1):183-189.
	[ 潘韬, 吴绍洪, 戴尔阜 , 等. 基于InVEST模型的三江源区生态系统水源供给服务时空变化. 应用生态学报, 2013,24(1):183-189.]
[30]	Lin B Q, Chen X W, Yao H X , et al. Analyses of land use change impacts on catchment runoff using different time indicators based on SWAT model. Ecological Indicators, 2015,58:55-63.
[31]	Yang Dawen, Li Chong, Ni Guangheng , et al. Application of a distributed hydrological model to the Yellow River Basin. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2004,59(1):143-154.
	[ 杨大文, 李翀, 倪广恒 , 等. 分布式水文模型在黄河流域的应用. 地理学报, 2004,59(1):143-154.]
[32]	Wang Xiaoxue, Li Xuyong, Mo Fei , et al. Exploration of a new modeling method for forest water conservation based on cellular automata: Concept and theoretical framework. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2010,30(20):5491-5500.
	[ 王晓学, 李叙勇, 莫菲 , 等. 基于元胞自动机的森林水源涵养量模型新方法: 概念与理论框架. 生态学报, 2010,30(20):5491-5500.]
[33]	Baker T J, Miller S N . Using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) to assess land use impact on water resources in an East African watershed. Journal of Hydrology, 2013,486(8):100-111.
[34]	Ullrich A, Volk M . Application of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) to predict the impact of alternative management practices on water quality and quantity. Agricultural Water Management, 2009,96(8):1207-1217.
[35]	Osei M A, Amekudzi L K, Wemegah D D , et al. The impact of climate and land-use changes on the hydrological processes of Owabi catchment from SWAT model. Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies, 2019,25:1-14.
[36]	Cibin R, Sudheer K P, Chaubey I . Sensitivity and identifiability of stream flow generation parameters of the SWAT model. Hydrological Processes, 2010,24(9):1133-1148.
[37]	Strauch M, Bernhofer C, Koide S , et al. Using precipitation data ensemble for uncertainty analysis in SWAT streamflow simulation. Journal of Hydrology, 2012,414:413-424.
[38]	Cui Yuanlai, Wu Di, Wang Shiwu , et al. Simulation and analysis of irrigation water consumption in multi-source water irrigation districts in southern China based on modified SWAT model. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2018,34(14):94-100.
	[ 崔远来, 吴迪, 王士武 , 等. 基于改进 SWAT 模型的南方多水源灌区灌溉用水量模拟分析. 农业工程学报, 2018,34(14):94-100.]
[39]	Wang Zhonggen, Liu Changming, Huang Youbo . The theory of SWAT model and its application in Heihe Basin. Progress in Geography, 2003,22(1):79-86.
	[ 王中根, 刘昌明, 黄友波 . SWAT模型的原理、结构及应用研究. 地理科学进展, 2003,22(1):79-86.]
[40]	Lin F, Chen X W, Yao H X . Evaluating the use of Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient in goodness-of-fit measures for daily runoff simulation with SWAT. Journal of Hydrologic Engineering, 2017,22(11):231-239.
[41]	Zhang D J, Chen X W, Yao H X , et al. Improved calibration scheme of SWAT by separating wet and dry seasons. Ecological Modelling, 2015,301:54-61.
[42]	Arnold J G, Moriasi D N, Gassman P W , et al. SWAT: Model use, calibration, and validation. Trans. ASABE, 2012,55(4):1491-1508.
[43]	Arnold J G, Srinivasan R, Muttiah R S , et al. Large area hydrologic modeling and assessment (Part 1): Model development. Journal of American Water Resource Association, 1998,34(1):73-89.
[44]	Xu Z X, Pang J P, Liu C M , et al. Assessment of runoff and sediment yield in the Miyun Reservoir catchment by using SWAT model. Hydrological Processes, 2009,3(25):3619-3630.
[45]	Neitsch S L, Arnold J G, Kiniry J R , et al. SWAT User Manual, version 2009. Texas Water Resources Institute Technical Report. A&M University, Texas, USA, 2011.
[46]	Kiniry J R, Williams J R, King K W . Soil and Water Assessment Tool theoretical Documentation (version 2005). Computer Speech & Language, 2011,24(2):289-306.
[47]	Nakano Hideaki. Forest Hydrology. Beijing: China Forestry Publishing House, 1983: 207-212.
	[ 中野秀章 . 森林水文学. 北京: 中国林业出版社, 1983: 207-212.]
[48]	Lin Bingqing . Simulations and analysis of landscape pattern change impacts on catchment runoff at different temporal scales based on SWAT[D]. Fuzhou: Fujian Normal University, 2014.
	[ 林炳青 . 流域景观格局变化对不同时间尺度径流影响的SWAT模拟分析[D]. 福州: 福建师范大学, 2014.]
[49]	Lin Bingqing, Chen Ying, Chen Xingwei . A study on regional difference of hydrological parameters of SWAT model. Journal of Natural Resources, 2013,28(11):1988-1999.
	[ 林炳青, 陈莹, 陈兴伟 . SWAT模型水文过程参数区域差异研究. 自然资源学报, 2013,28(11):1988-1999.]
[50]	Nash J E, Sutcliffe J V . River flow forecasting through conceptual models (Part 1): A discussion of principles. Journal of Hydrology, 1970,10(3):282-290.
[51]	Jha M, Gassman P W, Secchi S , et al. Effect of watershed subdivision on swat flow, sediment, and nutrient predictions. Journal of the American Water Resources Association, 2004,40(3):811-825.
[52]	Wang Yanjun, Lv Hongjun, Jiang Tong . Influence of watershed subdivision and DEM resolution on SWAT runoff simulation. Journal of China Hydrology, 2008,28(3):22-25.
	[ 王艳君, 吕宏军, 姜彤 . 子流域划分和DEM分辨率对SWAT径流模拟的影响研究. 水文, 2008,28(3):22-25.]
[53]	Qiu Linjing, Zheng Fenli, Yin Runsheng . Effects of DEM resolution and watershed subdivision on hydrological simulation in the Xingzihe watershed. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2012,32(12):3754-3763.
	[ 邱临静, 郑粉莉, Yin Runsheng. DEM栅格分辨率和子流域划分对杏子河流域水文模拟的影响. 生态学报, 2012,32(12):3754-3763.]
[54]	Zhang Liping, Zeng Sidong, Wang Renchao , et al. Impacts of climate change on the hydrological cycle in the Luan River Basin. Resources Science, 2011,33(5):966-974.
	[ 张利平, 曾思栋, 王任超 , 等. 气候变化对滦河流域水文循环的影响及模拟. 资源科学, 2011,33(5):966-974.]
[55]	Patil A, Ramsankaran R . Improving streamflow simulations and forecasting performance of SWAT model by assimilating remotely sensed soil moisture observations. Journal of Hydrology, 2017,555:683-696. doi: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2017.10.058
[56]	Chen Dong, Chen Xingwei . Comparison studies on water resources and its utilization in Fujian Province. Fujian Geography, 2005,20(1):5-8.
	[ 陈东, 陈兴伟 . 福建省水资源及其利用比较研究. 福建地理, 2005,20(1):5-8.]

时间尺度	水文站	校准期(2002—2006年)			验证期(2007—2010年)
时间尺度	水文站	E_ns	PBIAS(%)	R²	E_ns	PBIAS(%)	R²
年	石垄站	0.96	7.15	0.99	0.97	5.47	0.96
	安溪站	0.96	-2.4	0.99	0.93	8.2	0.96
	山美站	0.99	-0.8	0.99	0.99	2.77	0.99
月	石垄站	0.95	10.86	0.97	0.93	10.07	0.94
	安溪站	0.95	1.64	0.96	0.92	12.81	0.94
	山美站	0.97	5.43	0.97	0.98	6.87	0.99
日	石垄站	0.87	6.87	0.86	0.82	6.07	0.83
	安溪站	0.86	8.01	0.89	0.76	8.9	0.82
	山美站	0.89	2.06	0.89	0.88	3.17	0.87

土地利用	实际面积(km²)	模型概化后的面积(km²)	实际占流域面积比例(%)	模型概化后占流域面积比例(%)	HRU 数量
耕地	460.33	461.55	9.13	9.15	403
旱地	157.31	156.30	3.12	3.10	301
森林	2805.87	2815.75	55.65	55.85	468
园地	1057.30	1061.43	20.97	21.05	448
建设用地	388.23	391.55	7.70	7.77	426
草地	39.33	39.58	0.78	0.79	199
水域	62.01	47.63	1.23	0.94	269
裸地	68.07	67.96	1.35	1.35	260
汇总	5042	5041.75	100	100	2774

阈值	不同土地利用HRU的面积(km²)
阈值	森林	耕地	园地	建设用地	草地	旱地	裸地	水域
Y000000	2805.81	460.42	1057.05	391.71	39.44	157.23	68.23	61.86
Y011010	2841.36	465.21	1070.07	394.55	25.98	153.14	56.32	35.13
Y051010	3037.92	431.81	1137.66	338.30	2.18	70.50	21.28	2.10
Y101010	3276.56	347.31	1137.16	237.83	0	22.79	19.87	0.23
Y102010	3276.56	347.31	1137.16	237.83	0	22.79	19.87	0.23
Y102020	3276.56	347.31	1137.16	237.83	0	22.79	19.87	0.23

Multi-time scale analysis of water conservation in a discontinuous forest watershed based on SWAT model

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

Like

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

Figures/Tables 13

References 56

Related Articles 5

Metrics

Comments

[1]	Shuangyan JIN, Suiye ZHANG, Zhijin MA, Ping ZHANG. Water consumption in Inner Mongolian reach of the Yellow River since integrated water regulation [J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2015, 70(3): 501-508.
[2]	MO Xingguo, LIU Suxia, LIN Zhonghui, CHEN Dan, ZHAO Weimin. Simulating the Water Balance of the Wuding River Basin in the Loess Plateau with a Distributed Eco-hydrological Model [J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2004, 59(3): 341-348.
[3]	HAYASHI Seiji, MURAKAMI Shogo, WATANABE Masataka, XU Baohua. Simulation of Water Runoff Using Estimated Global Precipitation Data: Taking the Upper Reaches of the Changjiang River as an Example [J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2004, 59(1): 125-135.
[4]	YANG Dawen, LI Chong, NI Guangheng, HU Heping. Application of a Distributed Hydrological Model to the Yellow River Basin [J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2004, 59(1): 143-154.
[5]	XIA Jun, , WANG Gangsheng, LV Aifeng, TAN Ge. A Research on Distributed Time Variant Gain Modeling [J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2003, 58(5): 789-796.