乡村发展与重构格局特征及振兴路径——以广西为例

doi:10.11821/dlxb202002011

Abstract

Abstract:

Rural restructuring is an important means of implementing and pushing forward the strategy of rural vitalization. Systematic research on the characteristics and problems of rural development and restructuring in typical areas is the basis of developing scientific policies facing the strategic needs of rural vitalization in the new era. Taking Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region as a case, based on the TOPSIS model supported by entropy method, this paper analyzes the spatio-temporal pattern of rural development level and restructuring intensity, identifies the problem regions of rural development and restructuring, and explores the regional path of rural vitalization. The results show that, during the research period, the level of rural development in Guangxi has been rapidly improved, and the development of rural territory is moving from relative homogeneity towards heterogeneity. The average intensity of economic, social and spatial restructuring increases gradually in each research period, and economic restructuring is accelerating, while spatial restructuring is still lagging behind. The average coupling and coordination degree of economic, social and spatial restructuring has gradually improved, but the current level of coordination is still not high. Based on the above research, 37 counties in 7 categories are identified with problems in rural development and restructuring. The formation of problem regions reflects the impact of geographical environment, and is the result of the interaction of various factors such as terrain conditions, location conditions, natural resources, economic foundation, population quality and regional policies under the background of changes in socio-economic elements. The sustainable development in rural areas depends on the economic-social-spatial coordination, and the implementation of rural vitalization strategy in Guangxi requires not only the overall planning of the regional path of rural restructuring from the macro level, but also the regulatory measures to promote rural socio-economic development and spatial restructuring for problem regions.

Key words: rural development, rural restructuring, rural vitalization, rural territorial system, rural geography

TU Shuangshuang, ZHENG Yuhan, LONG Hualou, WAN Shimeng, LIANG Xiaoli, WANG Wei. Spatio-temporal pattern of rural development and restructuring and regional path of rural vitalization in Guangxi, China[J].Acta Geographica Sinica, 2020, 75(2): 365-381.

Figures/Tables 11

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Tab. 3

Regional path of rural vitalization

区域	区域特征	振兴路径
桂南	北部湾经济区,国家重点开发区域;地形平坦,资源环境承载力强,可利用土地资源丰富;人口相对集聚,经济发展水平较高;中心城市带动能力较强;交通优势度高;土地利用集约度不高。	以发展高新技术产业和现代服务业为核心吸引生产要素集聚,发挥城市对乡村腹地的辐射带动作用;鼓励城市资本、人口流向乡村地区,加快发展都市农业、乡村旅游业、设施农业和农产品加工业,推动乡村一二三产业融合发展;加快沿边地区口岸建设、国际物流建设、进出口加工及商贸旅游业发展,发展开放型经济;依托土地综合整治,优化农村居民点体系布局,加强生活空间集约利用;引导工业园区化布局,提高土地利用强度和产出效率;推动统筹城乡综合配套改革试点建设,探索建立城乡一体的教育、医疗等公共服务体系和社会保障体系。
桂中	平原、丘陵、盆地、喀斯特石山夹杂分布;经济基础较好,工业实力较强,人口和产业集聚能力强;粮食、糖蔗、柑橘、木薯主产区;资源环境承载力较好;交通优势度较高。	推进中心城市部分工业生产职能向周边县域及乡村腹地转移;巩固粮食、糖蔗等优势主产区地位,发展特色高效农业;加快土地流转,推动农业适度规模经营;加强水利设施配套,推广高效节水灌溉,提高农业综合生产能力,实施田、水、路、林、村综合整治;开发民族文化旅游资源,积极发展乡村经济新业态;推进退耕还林、小流域治理、矿山综合修复等生态工程。
桂北	岩溶地貌连片分布,地形条件复杂;城镇化水平较低;粮食、柑橘主产区;旅游文化资源丰富,旅游产业发达;生态系统类型多样,生态功能较强。	提高中心城市承载力和综合服务功能,发挥对乡村地域的产业辐射和人口集聚作用;挖掘乡村多元价值,依托大桂林旅游圈,推动农业与休闲经济、观光产业有机结合,打造旅游主导产业;培育食用菌、油茶等特色高效农业和农产品加工业,促进农业规模化、产业化、标准化建设;加快中低产田改造,完善农业基础设施配套;优化乡村生活空间,推动偏远山区移民搬迁;保护乡村特色风貌和传统民族村落;加强南岭山地片区植被修复和生物多样性保护。
桂东	华南和珠三角地区经济辐射的重要腹地;地形条件相对平坦,耕作条件较好;城镇化水平不高,东北片区社会经济发展滞后;粮食、糖蔗、荔枝、龙眼、木薯等主产区。	依托珠江—西江经济带和粤桂合作特别试验区建设,承接东部地区产业转移并辐射乡村腹地;实施中低产田改良和高标准基本农田建设,推动土地流转和农业规模化、机械化经营;开展农村建设用地整治和乡村聚落空间整合,推进乡村工业园区化;建设现代农业示范区和商品粮基地,发展特色种养业和现代高效农业,加快特色农产品良种繁育基地、规模种植基地和精深加工基地建设,打造现代农业示范区。
桂西	地貌类型复杂多样,石漠化集中分布;重点生态功能区,革命老区,边疆地区,民族地区,贫困地区;基础设施薄弱,交通优势度低;矿产资源丰富;桂西南为糖蔗、木薯主产区。	提升小城镇、重点镇对人口和产业的集聚功能;适度开发矿产资源,建设百色铝产业、崇左锰产业和河池有色金属产业示范基地;引导农业结构调整,开展优质、生态特色农产品的种植和加工,建设亚热带特色农业基地、南菜北运蔬菜基地;将旅游业与生态环境、红色文化、民俗和养生健康产业有机结合;引导地质灾害多发区和生态环境脆弱区居民集中安置;开展生物多样性和水资源保护,加强污染土地的整治修复,实施石漠化综合治理工程和退耕还林工程,加强红水河流域植被恢复和水土流失治理。

Tab. 3

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维度	指标层	计算方法	属性
经济发展	地区人均经济总量	地区生产总值/总人口	正指标
	农民收入水平	农民人均纯收入	正指标
	产业结构	二三产业增加值/地区生产总值	正指标
社会发展	医疗卫生条件	医疗卫生机构床位数/总人口	正指标
	电力设施水平	乡村用电量/总人口	正指标
	通讯设施水平	(固定电话户数+互联网宽带接入用户)/总人口	正指标
	路网密度	公路里程/土地面积	正指标
空间利用	农村居民点利用效率	农村居民点用地面积/乡村人口	逆指标
	耕地利用效率	粮食产量/耕地面积	正指标
	二三产业用地效率	二三产业增加值/(城镇建设用地+工矿交通等其他建设用地)	正指标

类别	2000年				2015年
类别	经济	社会	空间	综合	经济	社会	空间	综合
均值	0.095	0.043	0.351	0.163	0.374	0.251	0.365	0.330
标准偏差	0.053	0.015	0.100	0.036	0.161	0.098	0.100	0.079
偏度系数(Skewness)	1.032	2.612	-1.259	-0.559	1.105	1.866	-0.886	1.567
峰值系数(Kurtosis)	2.404	12.433	2.315	2.070	2.138	3.904	2.031	4.069

Spatio-temporal pattern of rural development and restructuring and regional path of rural vitalization in Guangxi, China

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