基于土地利用格局重建的区域生境质量时空变化分析

doi:10.11821/dlxb202001012

Abstract

Abstract:

Habitat quality determines the status of regional biodiversity which is an important reflection of ecosystem service function and health. Research on the habitat quality change is of great significance for regional ecological security. The reconstruction of regional spatial pattern of habitat quality can restore the background of ecological environment in historical periods and provide scientific support for revealing the evolution law of regional ecological environment quality. This study selected ten driving factors (elevation, slope, aspect, GDP, population, temperature, rainfall, river distance, urban distance and coastline distance) to build CA-Markov model parameters and simulate the historical land use data. The spatial pattern of habitat quality was rebuilt by InVEST model, and the classification and statistics of habitat degradation and habitat quality were examined. The results showed that: (1) The Kappa coefficient is 0.88, which proves that the land use spatial pattern reconstruction method is feasible. On this basis, the simulation of habitat quality is valid. (2) During 1975-2010, the degree of habitat degradation increased gradually and the spatial distribution of it showed a regular pattern of circle layer change. The habitat quality decreased steadily. The high-value areas were mainly distributed in mountainous areas, while the low-value areas were mostly distributed across built-up areas. In this period, the low-value areas gradually engulfed the high-value areas around, and the habitats of the high-value areas tended to be fragmented. (3) In 1975-2010, the spatio-temporal variations of habitat quality indicated that the region with the worst habitat quality were difficult to recover; the regions with the poor habitat quality accounted for 6.40% of the total area, which were prone to deteriorate and occur around the built-up areas; the areas with the best or better habitat quality grades accounted for 5.68% of the total area, which could be easily transformed into the poor and worst habitat grades, making the habitat more scattered. (4) There was a marked change with land use of study areas during 1975-2010, which had a huge impact on the quality of the habitat. The above results show that the habitat quality of the study area decreases gradually. More than 60% of the regions have poor or even worst habitat quality. Construction land is the biggest factor threatening the habitat quality.

Key words: habitat quality, InVEST, CA-Markov, Pan-Yangtze River Delta, spatial pattern reconstruction

ZHANG Xueru, ZHOU Jie, LI Mengmei. Analysis on spatial and temporal changes of regional habitat quality based on the spatial pattern reconstruction of land use[J].Acta Geographica Sinica, 2020, 75(1): 160-178.

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威胁因子	最大胁迫距离(km)	权重	空间衰退类型
耕地	4	0.6	线性
建筑用地	8	0.4	指数
未利用地	6	0.5	线性

土地利用类型	生境适宜度	胁迫因子
土地利用类型	生境适宜度	耕地	建设用地	未利用地
耕地	0.3	0.0	0.8	0.4
林地	1.0	0.6	0.4	0.2
草地	1.0	0.8	0.6	0.6
水域	0.7	0.5	0.4	0.2
建设用地	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.1
未利用地	0.6	0.6	0.4	0.0

驱动因子	耕地	林地	草地	水域	建设用地	未利用地
常量	1.404837	-5.516173	-5.633576	-2.922335	-3.985980	-9.536187
坡向	-0.000480	0.003181	-0.000045	-0.002679	0.001263	0.000000
城市距离	-0.000002	-0.000006	0.000010	0.000011	0.000001	-0.000033
DEM	-0.002129	0.001597	-0.000556	-0.009824	-0.007362	-0.001382
GDP	-0.000019	-0.000021	0.000008	-0.000036	0.000058	-0.000666
人口	-0.000080	-0.000143	-0.000110	-0.000231	0.000310	-0.000350
降雨量	-0.001208	0.001596	-0.002536	0.001532	-0.001182	0.002506
河流距离	0.000030	0.000019	-0.000003	-0.000143	-0.000024	-0.000042
海岸线距离	0.000001	0.000002	-0.000002	-0.000002	-0.000003	0.000007
坡度	-0.077547	0.146505	0.024494	-0.000603	0.037713	0.016141
温度	0.082884	-0.059974	0.289480	0.047197	0.151316	-0.015252
ROC	0.958700	0.985300	0.802200	0.922800	0.926400	0.887300

		2000年土地利用数据
		耕地	林地	草地	水域	建设用地	未利用地	总和
2000年模拟土地利用数据	耕地	54.887	1.485	0.112	0.694	0.766	0.035	57.979
	林地	1.396	26.776	0.123	0.192	0.068	0.030	28.585
	草地	0.144	0.171	2.054	0.061	0.027	0.000	2.457
	水域	0.424	0.132	0.048	5.799	0.037	0.003	6.443
	建设用地	0.677	0.147	0.020	0.092	3.562	0.001	4.499
	未利用地	0.003	0.013	0.000	0.002	0.000	0.017	0.037
	总和	57.531	28.725	2.357	6.840	4.461	0.087	100.000

		2010年生境质量等级
		差	较差	一般	良好	优	总计
1975年生境质量等级	差	2.184	0.245	0	0.093	0.092	2.615
	较差	6.397	47.395	0.033	2.467	3.637	59.93
	一般	0.006	0.007	0.009	0.005	0.018	0.045
	良好	0.286	0.776	0.005	3.684	0.302	5.053
	优	0.789	3.83	0.006	0.747	26.985	32.357
	总计	9.662	52.253	0.053	6.996	31.036	100

Analysis on spatial and temporal changes of regional habitat quality based on the spatial pattern reconstruction of land use

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