1992-2015年中亚五国土地覆盖与蒸散发变化

doi:10.11821/dlxb201907002

Abstract

Abstract:

In 1991, the collapse of the Soviet Union and the independence of the five Central Asian countries led to profound changes in land cover and evapotranspiration pattern. This study used the five Central Asian countries as target areas. European Space Agency Climate Change Initiative and Global Land Data Assimilation System data were utilised to analyse the spatio-temporal variation of land cover and evapotranspiration from 1992 to 2015 and to further study the cropland evapotranspiration water consumption. This study investigated the continuous change of land cover, specified the characteristics of and differences in land cover and evapotranspiration, strengthened the understanding of land cover and evapotranspiration in the current situation, and provided data references for water and soil resource management and environmental protection. Results show that the changes in land cover in the five countries were characterised by stages, and cropland expansion modified the land cover pattern. From 1992 to 2003, cropland increased rapidly (1.1×10 ⁴ km ²), whereas forest land and grassland decreased. From 2003 to 2015, cropland increased slowly (0.3×10 ⁴ km ²), whereas forest land and grassland increased slightly. Bare land and water bodies continued to decrease, whereas settlements continued to increase; the annual evapotranspiration was 276.8 mm. Evapotranspiration increased rapidly from 1992 to 2003 (11.3 mm/a) and then slowly from 2003 to 2015 (2.4 mm/a). The evapotranspiration of cropland (352.2 mm) and grassland (322.1 mm) was significantly higher than that of forest land (254.7 mm) and bare land (173.2 mm). The evapotranspiration changes in the five Central Asian countries were consistent with the land cover patterns; the evapotranspiration water consumption of the five countries was affected by the cropland area. From 1992 to 2015, the water consumption of cropland evapotranspiration increased by 3.2%, and the contributions of grassland, forest land and bare land continued to decrease. The cropland of Turkmenistan accounted for only 11% of the total evapotranspiration water consumption, whereas that of the other countries accounted for more than 25%.

Key words: the five Central Asian countries, land cover, evapotranspiration, spatio-temporal variation, evapotranspiration water consumption structure

RUAN Hongwei,YU Jingjie. Changes in land cover and evapotranspiration in the five Central Asian countries from 1992 to 2015[J].Acta Geographica Sinica, 2019, 74(7): 1292-1304.

Figures/Tables 10

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重分类		CCI土地覆盖分类
1耕地	11雨养	10、11、12	雨养耕地
	12灌溉	20	灌溉或水淹耕地
	13混合	30	耕地(≥ 50%)/天然植被(< 50%)镶嵌体
	13混合	40	天然植被(≥ 50%)/耕地(< 50%)镶嵌体
2林地		50	郁闭或敞开(> 15%)常绿阔叶林
		60、61	郁闭或敞开(> 15%)落叶阔叶林
		70、71、72	郁闭或敞开(> 15%)常绿针叶林
		80、81	郁闭或敞开(> 15%)落叶针叶林
		90	针阔混交林
		100	林地和灌丛(≥ 50%)/草地(< 50%)镶嵌体
		160	淡水或咸水水淹林地
		170	咸水水淹林地
		120、122	灌木
		150	稀疏植被(林地、灌木)
3草地		110	草地(≥ 50%)/林地和灌丛(< 50%)镶嵌体
		130	草地
		153	稀疏草地(< 15%)
4裸地		200、201、202	裸地
5水体		180	水淹或长期水浸草地
		210	水体
		220	永久冰雪
6城镇		190	城镇地区

1992年	2015年
1992年	耕地	林地	草地	裸地	水体	城镇	合计
耕地	72.9	0.6	1.1	0.1	0.0	0.5	75.3
林地	8.2	96.6	2.2	0.2	0.1	0.0	107.4
草地	5.9	1.6	97.3	0.2	0.0	0.1	105.1
裸地	0.5	4.5	2.0	86.0	0.1	0.0	93.1
水体	0.1	0.2	0.2	3.0	13.0	0.0	16.2
城镇	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.2	0.2
合计	87.6	103.4	102.7	89.6	13.3	0.9	397.5
变化面积	12.3	-4.0	-2.4	-3.5	-3.1	0.6
变化比例(%)	16.3	-3.7	-2.3	-3.8	-19.1	258.2

国家	土地覆盖	面积(km²)			蒸散发(mm)
国家	土地覆盖	1992年	2003年	2015年	1992年	2003年	2015年
哈萨克斯坦	耕地	537044	628129	655091	283.0	440.9	467.1
	林地	870111	812106	826472	199.7	337.3	340.3
	草地	851852	829368	831988	246.5	393.6	405.8
	裸地	362886	360505	323120	148.5	283.3	272.6
	水体	92434	83110	75610	222.3	380.0	413.6
	城镇	1673	2780	3719	246.4	418.8	421.9
吉尔吉斯斯坦	耕地	48988	49042	50243	326.0	489.6	452.0
	林地	35618	37170	37087	306.0	446.4	420.0
	草地	83138	80949	80083	292.3	435.8	392.0
	裸地	18169	18475	17905	211.6	346.2	305.4
	水体	13338	13368	13347	219.3	344.1	321.2
	城镇	49	296	635	315.1	536.2	477.7
塔吉克斯坦	耕地	30872	31296	31203	429.9	464.2	493.3
	林地	10681	11162	11304	359.0	435.9	444.6
	草地	64328	64090	63607	265.6	306.5	337.2
	裸地	24074	23303	23377	211.3	288.3	302.6
	水体	12331	12339	12342	211.2	256.4	373.3
	城镇	114	209	567	458.2	465.5	517.0
土库曼斯坦	耕地	41929	43389	44398	159.7	224.2	209.6
	林地	74458	75221	75608	166.9	209.7	210.1
	草地	10951	10646	10889	185.3	230.2	217.6
	裸地	319482	317520	315574	127.6	187.3	164.4
	水体	24495	24453	24409	121.7	219.5	208.8
	城镇	84	172	521	156.2	226.3	187.0
乌兹别克斯坦	耕地	91290	90138	88236	282.9	397.1	380.4
	林地	65174	66969	67996	208.9	276.8	282.7
	草地	25793	25659	26479	312.4	385.8	373.9
	裸地	238410	246221	249733	129.9	233.5	231.8
	水体	24412	15118	9554	165.3	276.7	291.3
	城镇	621	1596	3702	287.4	388.3	390.8

Changes in land cover and evapotranspiration in the five Central Asian countries from 1992 to 2015

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