太湖平原区河网结构变化对调蓄能力的影响

doi:10.11821/dlxb201603008

Abstract

Abstract:

River network system was heavily damaged during the rapid urbanization in the Taihu Lake Basin in recent decades. A large number of rivers were buried and disappearing, which changed the hydrological process of the basin. Regulation capacity of river networks is an important factor for flood disaster mitigation. Based on river networks data derived from the topographic map in the 1960s, 1980s and 2010s at a scale of 1:500000 and water level data of three hydrological stations from 1960 to 2010, we selected a list of indices, such as drainage density (R_d), water surface ratio (W_p), box dimension (D) and Hurst index (H) to analyze the changes of river networks and its regulation capacity in Wuchengxiyu region during the past 50 years. What's more, the relationship was established between the regulation capacity of river networks and the indices of stream structure using the Hurst index and the principles of Representative Elementary Watershed (REW) Model. Results showed that: (1) the R_d, W_p, and D decreased by 18.87%, 24.59% and 7.60% in the past 50 years respectively due to the process of urbanization, and the reduction of three stream structure indices from the 1980s to 2010s was higher than that during the 1960s to 1980s. (2) The Hurst index of water level was used to describe the regulation capacity of river networks and was calculated through the R/S analysis of the time series. Decreasing trends of the Hurst index were detected during annual and wet season, which indicated that the regulation capacity of river networks was gradually reduced due to urbanization. (3) The relationship between the indices of river networks and its regulation capacity was established through the concept of REW and Hurst index. The calibration and validation was carried out for this relationship with relevant data. This work will provide a simple and practical method to assess regulation capacity of river networks.

Key words: stream structure, regulation capacity of river networks, representative elementary watershed, urbanization, Taihu Lake Basin

Yuefeng WANG, Youpeng XU, Qianyu ZHANG, Guang LI, Chaogui LEI, Liu YANG, Longfei HAN, Xiaojun DENG. Influence of stream structure change on regulation capacity of river networks in Taihu Lake Basin[J].Acta Geographica Sinica, 2016, 71(3): 448-458.

Figures/Tables 7

Fig. 1

Tab. 1

Definition of the stream structure indices

参数	计算方法	内涵
河网密度(R_d)	R_d= L_R/A,L_R为区域内河流的总长度;A为区域总面积	河流长度发育,反映各区河流的集中程度
水面率(W_P)	W_P= (A_w/A)×100%,A_w为区域内河流的总面积	河流水系面积的发育,反映水系的调蓄能力
盒维数(D)	$D = - lim r → 0 lg N r lgr$ 用边长r的网格覆盖河网,统计包含河流网的格数,记为N₍_r₎.变换盒子尺寸,得到一系列r-N₍_r₎.	河网空间分布的复杂性,其值越大,表明河网分布越复杂

Tab. 1

Fig. 2

Tab. 2

Tab. 3

Tab. 4

Fig. 3

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河网水系指标	1960s	1980s	2010s	1960s-1980s变化率(%)	1980s-2010s变化率(%)	1960s-2010s变化率(%)
河网密度(km/km²)	3.55	3.35	2.88	-5.63	-14.03	-18.87
水面率(%)	6.10	5.60	4.60	-8.20	-17.86	-24.59
盒维数	1.71	1.68	1.58	-1.75	-5.95	-7.60

	时间段(年)	常州站	陈墅站	无锡站
Hurst指数	1960-1970	0.762	0.713	0.801
	1980-1990	0.741	0.662	0.778
	2000-2010	0.577	0.674	0.608
时间分维D_t	1960-1970	1.238	1.287	1.199
	1980-1990	1.259	1.338	1.222
	2000-2010	1.423	1.326	1.392

	时间段(年)	常州站	陈墅站	无锡站
汛期	1960-1970	0.898	0.879	0.896
	1980-1990	0.854	0.793	0.835
	2000-2010	0.658	0.705	0.645
非汛期	1960-1970	0.703	0.675	0.774
	1980-1990	0.820	0.807	0.817
	2000-2010	0.748	0.821	0.772

Influence of stream structure change on regulation capacity of river networks in Taihu Lake Basin

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