北京土地利用混合度对居民职住分离的影响

doi:10.11821/dlxb201506006

Abstract

Abstract:

In the last three decades, urban China has experienced drastic market-oriented reform, which has led to enormous transformation of urban spatial structure, as well as to the change of land-use pattern. Some researches at home and abroad have noticed possible impacts of land-use pattern on residents' daily commuting behaviors. However, the results are quite different. Western researchers proved that mixed land-use pattern has positive impacts on home-work separation, and a lot of domestic scholars argued that mixed land-use pattern should be encouraged in urban China. Conversely, few researchers, like Ding and Zheng, objected to mixed land-use pattern in urban China. So far, there has been limited empirical research on the impact of land-use mixed degree on home-work separation in Chinese cities. This paper attempts to contribute to the gap by providing empirical evidence for mixed land-use pattern and its impact on home-work separation in Beijing. Using the land-use map in 2004 and large-scale survey data of land use in 2005, based on multilevel model, we analyze the impact of land-use mixed degree on resident's home-work separation. The primary innovation of this paper is that, we prove the possible influences of working place attributes on individual home-work separation. More importantly, we use a more complex multilevel model in this paper, called cross-classified multilevel model based on Bayesian Monte Carlo Markov Chain method. Several conclusions are drawn as follows: (1) Land-use mixed degree of sub-district has influences on residents' home-work separation. The probability of bearing long home-work separation for residents who live in sub-districts with higher land-use mixed degree is small. (2) There are significant variances of residents' home-work distance both in living and working sub-district, implying that the correlated impact of living and working sub-district on home-work separation should be given more attention in future researches. (3) Residents' economic attribute and housing ownership have significant influence on home-work separation. The probability of bearing long home-work distance for residents living in Danwei houses is smaller than those living in commercial or affordable houses. (4) Multilevel modelling provides a more flexible and effective framework for the analysis of geographic data containing complicated nest relationship. As geography develops, MLM would be very useful in the field of urban issues.

Key words: multilevel modelling, land-use mixed degree, home-work separation, Beijing

Yunxiao DANG, Guanpeng DONG, Jianhui YU, Wenzhong ZHANG, Li CHEN. Impact of land-use mixed degree on resident's home-work separation in Beijing[J].Acta Geographica Sinica, 2015, 70(6): 919-930.

Figures/Tables 6

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Tab. 1

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Tab. 3

References 30

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变量	变量设定	均值(%)
个体层变量
职住距离	居住地与就业地直线距离 (km)	5.93
收入
3000元以下	家庭月总收入为3000元以下 (%)	22.54
3000~9999元	家庭月总收入为3000~9999元 (%)	69.09
1万元及以上	家庭月总收入为1万元及以上 (%)	8.37
住房产权
单位房	包括已购单位房与未购单位房 (%)	48.17
保障性住房	包括经济适用住房、拆迁回迁房 (%)	18.78
商品房	商品房 (%)	22.47
其他住房	除上述以外产权的其他住房 (%)	10.58
年龄
30岁以下	年龄为30岁以下 (%)	38.87
30~49岁	年龄为30~49岁 (%)	50.86
50~59岁	年龄为50~59岁 (%)	8.70
60岁及以上	年龄为60岁及以上 (%)	1.58
性别
男	性别为男 (%)	49.70
女	性别为女 (%)	50.30
家庭人口	家庭人口总数 (%)	3
街道层变量
土地利用混合度	根据公式（1）计算	0.54
人口密度	街道居住人口总数/面积 (人/m²)	2.47
就业密度	街道就业人口总数/面积 (人/m²)	1.25

模型	居民层面方差 (总方差中比重)	居住地层级方差 (总方差中比重)	工作地层级方差 (总方差中比重)
模型I (MLM)	1.187 (88.38%)	0.156 (11.62%)	NA
模型II (MLM)	1.108 (81.71%)	NA	0.248 (18.29%)
模型III (CC-MLM)	0.996 (68.22%)	0.131 (8.97%)	0.333 (22.81%)

变量	模型I		模型II		模型III		单层多元线性模型
变量	β	S.E.	β	S.E.	β	S.E.	β	S.E.
常量	8.172***	0.171	7.872***	0.204	8.104***	0.264	7.684***	0.109
个体层变量
收入
3000-9999元	0.078*	0.042	0.045	0.040	0.056	0.039	0.075*	0.043
1万元及以上	0.139**	0.070	0.068	0.068	0.115*	0.066	0.097	0.071
住房产权
保障性住房	0.150***	0.048	0.231***	0.045	0.157***	0.044	0.215***	0.047
商品房	0.235***	0.045	0.296***	0.043	0.242***	0.042	0.215***	0.045
其他住房	-0.202***	0.059	-0.223***	0.057	-0.203***	0.055	-0.254***	0.060
年龄
30-49岁	-0.083**	0.039	-0.096***	0.037	-0.101***	0.036	-0.080*	0.040
50-59岁	-0.269***	0.067	-0.295***	0.065	-0.262***	0.062	-0.316***	0.068
60岁及以上	-0.724***	0.140	-0.668***	0.136	-0.629***	0.130	-0.754***	0.143
性别
女	-0.005	0.034	-0.006	0.033	-0.004	0.032	-0.009	0.035
家庭人口	-0.035*	0.020	-0.027	0.019	-0.025	0.018	-0.036*	0.020
居住街道层变量
土地利用混合度	0.082	0.287			-0.607**	0.272	0.002	0.125
人口密度	-0.000	0.011			-0.005	0.010	-0.002	0.004
就业密度	0.004	0.004			-0.004	0.003	0.000	0.002
工作街道层变量
土地利用混合度			0.343	0.348	0.515	0.396	0.664***	0.127
人口密度			0.007	0.013	0.011	0.015	0.005	0.004
就业密度			0.010**	0.004	0.013***	0.004	0.012***	0.001
pD	104.34		114.34		209.79
DIC	13077.84		12793.50		12429.09

Impact of land-use mixed degree on resident's home-work separation in Beijing

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