中国山洪区划研究

doi:10.11821/dlxb202305001

Abstract

Abstract:

According to the Ministry of Water Resources of the People's Republic of China, the number of casualties in flash flood disasters accounts for nearly 70% of flood disaster casualties in recent years and flash flood has become one of the major natural disasters causing casualties in China. Flash flood regionalization is fundamental for implementing the local measures of the flash flood prevention and mitigation according to local conditions. Using results from existing flash flood relevant physiographical regionalization schemes, and in accordance with the principles of comprehensive, dominant factors, the relative consistency within units, the relative difference between units, the integrity of spatial distribution and the hierarchical divisions, this paper firstly constructs an index system of the flash flood trigger factors and its underlying surface environment for the flash flood regionalization in China. In the combination of top-down and bottom-up regionalization, the hybrid self-organizing-map-based spatial clustering algorithm is then built. Finally, nine homogeneous regions at the first-grade and thirty-three subregions at the second-grade are delineated for flash floods in China. The historical flash flood events and the Geodetector method are adopted to evaluate the developed regionalization schemes. Results show that the first-grade and the second-grade flash flood regionalization schemes in China can respectively provide the determinant power of 66.4% and 75.4% for the spatial distribution of historical flash flood events in the whole country, indicating the developed flash flood regionalization has a good spatial consistency with the distribution of historical flash flood events with different densities. The developed flash flood regionalization not only effectively delineates the regional differentiation pattern of flash floods, but also provides a scientific basis for the implementation of localized flash flood prevention and mitigation measures in China, which benefits for the sound development of flash flood disasters prevention and management in China.

Key words: regionalization, flash flood disaster, short-duration heavy rainfall, underlying surface, machine learning, China

CHEN Yuehong, XU Congcong, ZHANG Xiaoxiang, ZHANG Ruojing, MA Qiang, LIU Changjun, REN Liliang, SHI Kaixin. Regionalization of flash floods in China[J].Acta Geographica Sinica, 2023, 78(5): 1059-1073.

Figures/Tables 7

Fig. 1

Tab. 1

Indicator system of the flash flood regionalization in China

指标类型	指标名称	指标描述	指标来源
下垫面	高程	区域平均海拔高度(90 m×90 m栅格)	SRTM3 V4.1数据 (https://srtm.csi.cgiar.org/)
	高差	区域最大和最小高程之差(90 m×90 m栅格)
	坡度	根据高程数据计算得到(90 m×90 m栅格)
	流域相对高程	基于高程数据计算的距离最近河道的高程(90 m×90 m栅格)	MERIT Hydro (http://hydro.iis.u-tokyo.ac.jp/~yamadai/MERIT_Hydro/)
	植被指数	小流域内年度植被指数的平均值 (1 km×1 km栅格)	2015年度中国植被指数 (https://www.resdc.cn/)
	平原、台地、丘陵、小起伏山地、中起伏山地、大起伏山地、极大起伏山地的占比	根据地貌图集计算区域内7个地貌类型的占比(1 km×1 km栅格)	《中华人民共和国地貌图集(1∶100万)》 (https://www.resdc.cn/)
	耕地、林地、草地、水域、建设用地、未利用地、海洋占比	根据土地利用数据计算区域内7个土地利用类型的占比(1 km×1 km栅格)	2020年中国土地利用数据(1 km) (https://www.resdc.cn/)
降雨	100 a、50 a、20 a、5 a、2 a一遇最大1 h降雨量	基于ERA5卫星降水再分析产品，采用皮尔逊III(P-III)曲线^[39]，计算不同时段不同频率降水设计值，得到最大1 h、3 h、6 h、12 h、24 h不同频率的25个降雨指标(0.25°×0.25°栅格)	ERA5卫星降水再分析产品 (https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/cdsapp#!/dataset/reanalysis-era5-single-levels?tab=form)
	100 a、50 a、20 a、5 a、2 a一遇最大3 h降雨量
	100 a、50 a、20 a、5 a、2 a一遇最大6 h降雨量
	100 a、50 a、20 a、5 a、2 a一遇最大12 h降雨量
	100 a、50 a、20 a、5 a、2 a一遇最大24 h降雨量
	最大1 h、3 h、6 h、12 h、24 h降雨量均值	基于ERA5卫星降水再分析产品，统计计算出不同小时级的5个降雨均值指标(0.25°×0.25°栅格)
	年均降雨量	基于ERA5卫星降水再分析产品，统计年均降雨指标(0.25°×0.25°栅格)

Tab. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Tab. 2

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

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区代码	名称	面积(万km²)	空间范围
I	东北温带平水— 中易发区	89.9	该区域为大兴安岭中低山，小兴安岭低山，长白山中低山地，燕山辽西中低山。
II	山东半岛暖温带多水—中易发区	7.4	该区域主要是山东半岛低山。
III	东南亚热带丰水—高易发区	88.6	该区域主要分布在东南山地丘陵。东部为浙闽低中山、粤闽中低起伏山和台湾低山，北部为大别山中低山，中部包括湘赣小起伏低山丘陵，西部为湘东中低山地，南部为粤桂低山和海南岛。
IV	西南亚热带多水—高易发区	125.3	该区域北部为秦巴中低山区，中部为川渝鄂低山丘陵区，南部为云贵高原和桂西北部中低山丘区。
V	青藏高原南部温带平水—中易发区	75.4	该区域位于青藏高原的南部地区，东部为川西高原和横断山脉，西部为藏东高山区。
VI	青藏高原北部亚寒带干旱—低易发区	176.6	该区域位于青藏高原的北部地区，北部为南疆阿尔金山和昆仑山高山区，东部主要为青海的大部分高山区，南部主要是喜马拉雅山极大起伏高山区，西部主要为喀喇昆仑山脉大起伏极高山区。
VII	北疆温带干旱— 低易发区	41.1	该区域位于北疆高山区，北部主要为阿尔泰高山区，南部主要为天山高山地区。
VIII	内蒙古中温带干旱—低易发区	33.4	该区域位于内蒙古山丘区，东部主要为阴山山脉地区，西部为内蒙古西部低山地区。
IX	黄土高原温带平水—高易发区	45.4	该区域位于黄土高原区域，东部主要为太行山地区，西部主要为贺兰山和六盘水地区。

Regionalization of flash floods in China

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[12]	ZHANG Tian, HUANG Xiaoyan, LI Peng, DANG Xiaohu, CAO Xiaoshu, DENG Mingjiang. Basic theories and construction layout of eco-economic pivotal zonesin northwest China based on "Three Water Lines" strategy [J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2022, 77(9): 2154-2173.
[13]	LIU Zemiao, HUANG Xianjin, LU Xuehe, LI Shengfeng, QI Xinxian. China's carbon neutrality path prediction under the shared social economic paths [J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2022, 77(9): 2189-2201.
[14]	LIU Xuanyu, LIU Yungang. "Marine ontology" and marine territorial governance in South China Sea [J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2022, 77(9): 2374-2388.
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