地方出口产品结构及制度环境与企业出口相关多样化

doi:10.11821/dlxb202102011

Abstract

Abstract:

Firm related diversification is a common strategy for emerging economies to promote growth. As evidenced in the rapidly expanding economic literature, a host of internal factors such as residual resources, firm scale and capital structure are important for firm product diversification. However, there has been a dearth of economic researches on the external factors of firm product diversification. Based on such consideration, this article investigates the influence of local related variety on firm's export diversification strategy and explores the moderating effects of regional institutions by estimating tobit model based on the trade data of China's 31 provinces during 2012-2016. The results show that: (1) local related variety has a significant impact on firms' export diversification strategy. Specifically, firms located in regions dominated by related varieties are more likely to show related diversification patterns of export products. (2) Besides, the relationships between firm routines and local related variety are different in varied institutional contexts. For example, the regional atmosphere of trust is one of the most important informal institutions. This paper finds that the atmosphere of local trust will strengthen the relationship between firms' related diversification patterns and local related variety significantly. As for formal institutions, we find different moderating effects of regional marketization, globalization and decentralization. Marketization's moderating role is positive, while regional process of globalization and decentralization exerts a serious negative impact on the consistency of regions and firms in diversification patterns. According to the above results, this paper attempts to redress the neglect of regional institutions and forge a link between the economic and geographical investigations which helps to offer a broader view on the external factors of firm related diversification. It also points out that there is a complex relationship among local export variety, regional institutions and firm related diversification. Chinese government should promote local firm's contacts by preferential policies and create new opportunities for local industrial development.

Key words: export diversification, firm related diversification, local variety, regional institutions, China

ZHU Shengjun, JIN Wenwan. Local export variety, regional institutions and firm related diversification[J].Acta Geographica Sinica, 2021, 76(2): 398-414.

Figures/Tables 11

Tab. 1

Construction of indicators of globalization and decentralization

地方全球化分项指标	计算公式	地方全球化综合指标(GLO)
地区进口开放度(GLO_1)	$地方进口贸易额地方国民经济生产总值 × 100 %$
地区出口开放度(GLO_2)	$地方出口贸易额地方国民经济生产总值 × 100 %$	$GLO = GLO_1 × w 1$ + $GLO_2 × w 2 + GLO_3 × w 3$
外商投资开放度(GLO_3)	$外商直接投资地方国民经济生产总值 × 100 %$
地方分权化分项指标	计算公式	地方分权化综合指标(DEC)
支出分权指标(DEC_1)	$地级预算内财政支出全省预算内财政支出 × 100 %$
收入分权指标(DEC_2)	$地级预算内财政收入全省预算内财政收入 × 100 %$	$DEC = DEC_1 × w 4$ + $DEC_2 × w 5 + DEC_3 × w 6$
财政自给率分权指标(DEC_3)	$地级财政内预算收入地级财政内预算支出 × 100 %$

Tab. 1

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Tab. 2

Fig. 5

Tab. 3

Tab. 4

Tab. 5

The influence of regional trust on the consistency of firm and region in related diversification

企业相关多样化E_R₂₀₁₆	模型1	模型2	模型3	模型4	模型5	模型6	模型7
Rvariety₂₀₁₂	0.062^***	0.059^***	0.059^***	0.059^***	0.060^***	0.066^***	0.070^***
Trust	0.058^***	0.042^***	0.085^***	0.085^***	0.086^***	-0.00002^*	-0.007^***
Trust $×$ Rvariety₂₀₁₂		0.108^***	0.227^***	0.210^***	0.193^***	0.0001^***	0.023^***
Uvariety₂₀₁₂	-0.036^***	-0.038^***	-0.037^***	-0.037^***	-0.037^***	-0.035^***	-0.038^***
ln(population₂₀₁₂)	0.032^***	0.030^***	0.030^***	0.030^***	0.030^***	0.030^***	0.033^***
ln(export-value)	0.053^***	0.053^***	0.053^***	0.053^***	0.053^***	0.052^***	0.052^***
Si	0.001	0.001	0.002	0.002	0.002	-0.003	-0.004
Sd	-0.12	-0.119	-0.118	-0.118	-0.118	-0.123	-0.123
Sb	0.08	0.081	0.082	0.082	0.081	0.079	0.078
Ss	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
West	-0.01	-0.002	-0.002	-0.002	-0.003	0.002	-0.002
East	-0.068^***	-0.068^***	-0.068^***	-0.068^***	-0.068^***	-0.060^***	-0.056^***
Middle	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Dom	0.105^***	0.105^***	0.105^***	0.105^***	0.105^***	0.106^***	0.106^***
产业控制	YES	YES	YES	YES	YES	YES	YES
N	175839	175839	175839	175839	175839	175839	175839
R²	0.112	0.112	0.112	0.112	0.112	0.112	0.112

Tab. 5

Tab. 6

The influence of MAR, GLO and DEC on the consistency of firm and region in related diversification

企业相关多样化E_R₂₀₁₆	模型1	模型2	模型3	模型4
Rvariety₂₀₁₂	0.054^***	0.070^***	0.027^***	0.039^***
MAR₂₀₁₂	-0.005^***	-0.009^***
GLO₂₀₁₂	-0.009^***		0.006^***
DEC₂₀₁₂	0.013^***			0.009^***
(MAR $×$ Rvariety)₂₀₁₂		0.005^**
(GLO $×$ Rvariety)₂₀₁₂			-0.028^***
(DEC $×$ Rvariety)₂₀₁₂				-0.004^**
Uvariety₂₀₁₂	-0.040^***	-0.033^***	-0.031^***	-0.031^***
ln(population₂₀₁₂)	0.020^***	0.035^***	0.031^***	0.034^***
ln(export-value)	0.052^***	0.053^***	0.053^***	0.053^***
Si	0.151	0.001	0.001	-0.003
Sd	0.029	-0.119	-0.119	-0.123
Sb	0.228^*	0.08	0.082	0.078
Ss	-	-	-	-
West	-0.005	-0.013^*	-0.009	-0.008
East	-0.047^***	-0.053^***	-0.077^***	-0.061^***
Middle	-	-	-	-
Dom	0.110^***	0.105^***	0.105^***	0.103^***
产业控制	YES	YES	YES	YES
N	146224	175839	175763	175809
R²	0.118	0.112	0.112	0.112

Tab. 6

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解释维度	主要变量名	描述	数据来源
本地环境	相关多样化 (Rvariety)	地级市水平上产品相关多样化程度	中国海关贸易数据
非正式制度	地方信任水平 (Trust)	2010年省级地区居民信任感调查问卷	中国综合社会调查
		2012年各省内每百万人口中社会组织数量	民政统计年鉴
		2011年省内平均每人献血量	全国省市献血数据
	市场化指标(MAR)	省级市场化指数	中国分省份市场化指数报告
正式制度	全球化指标(GLO)	贸易开放度、进口贸易开放度和外商投资开放度的综合性指数	中国统计年鉴
	分权化指标(DEC)	财政支出、收入分权度和财政自给率分权度的综合性指数	中国统计年鉴
企业层面控制变量	技术来源	供应商主导产业部门,技术来源主要是供应商提供的原材料(Sd)	Pavitt部门分类
		规模密集产业部门,技术来源自企业内部和供应商(Si)
		科学基础产业部门,技术主要来自企业内部和供应商(Sb)
		专业供应商产业部门,技术来源自企业内部和客户需求(Ss)
	资金来源	内资企业(Dom)：包括国有企业、集体企业和私营企业; 外资企业(For)：包括外商独资企业、中外合资企业和中外合作企业	中国海关贸易数据
地方层面控制变量	不相关多样化 (Uvariety)	地级市水平上产品不相关多样化程度	中国海关贸易数据
	出口规模 ln(export-value)	企业总出口金额,反映企业规模	中国海关贸易数据
	地方规模 ln(population)	地级市人口数的对数值,反映城市规模	中国统计年鉴
	地理差异 (East/Middle/West)	东、中、西地理变量,反映地方间基础设施差异性	中国统计年鉴

企业相关多元化E_R₂₀₁₆	(1)	(2)	(3)
Rvariety₂₀₁₂	0.090^***	0.120^***	0.121^***
Uvariety₂₀₁₂	-0.045^***	-0.115^***	-0.064^***
ln(population₂₀₁₂)	0.052^***	0.091^***	0.044^***
ln(export-value)	0.051^***	0.051^***	0.053^***
Si	-0.02	-0.065	0.003
Sd	-0.118	-0.186	-0.112
Sb	0.089	0.075	0.084
Ss	-	-	-
West	0.116^***	0.158^*	0.079^***
East	-0.073^***	0.016	-0.120^***
Middle	-	-	-
Dom	0.101^***	0.079^***	0.109^***
产业控制	YES	YES	YES
区域控制	YES	YES	YES
N	158375	119602	175825
R²	0.1165	0.124	-
F	-	-	3105.13

Local export variety, regional institutions and firm related diversification

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企业相关多样化E_R₂₀₁₆	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)	(6)	(7)	(8)	(9)
Rvariety₂₀₁₂	0.008^**	0.012^***	0.071^***	0.067^***	0.077^***	0.049^***	0.052^***	0.085^***	0.071^***
Uvariety₂₀₁₂		-0.018^***	-0.057^***	-0.052^***	-0.004	-0.039^***	-0.055^***	-0.036^***	-0.058^***
ln(population₂₀₁₂)			0.045^***	0.046^***	-0.013^***	0.035^***	0.046^***	0.039^***	0.047^***
ln(export-value)			0.053^***	0.051^***	0.036^***	0.033^***	0.078^***	0.052^***	0.053^***
Si			0.018	0.002	0.078	0.009	-0.061	0.001	0.001
Sd			-0.097	-0.111	-0.032	-0.073	-0.206^*	-0.115	-0.114
Sb			0.096	0.073	0.216^***	0.088	-0.035	0.08	0.08
Ss			-	-	-	-	-	-	-
West			0.091^***	0.087^***	0.112^**	0.079^***	0.056^*	0.100^***	0.120^***
East			-0.091^***	-0.094^***	-0.044^*	-0.072^***	-0.126^***	-0.093^***	-0.097^***
Middle			-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Dom			0.107^***	0.104^***	0.096^***	0.087^***	0.125^***	0.107^***	0.106^***
产业控制			YES	YES	YES	-	YES	YES	YES
区域控制			YES	YES	YES	-	YES	YES	YES
N	175839	175839	175839	175839	77609	175839	193234	175788	175804
R²	0.0000	0.0002	0.114	0.117	0.153	0.149	0.118	0.114	0.115

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