1986-2015年小浪底水库运行前后黄河下游主槽调整规律

doi:10.11821/dlxb201911016

Abstract

Abstract:

Previous studies indicate that the lower Yellow River experienced a continuous siltation period and a continuous scouring period during the past 30 years. However, the patterns of main-channel adjustments during these two periods are not clear. Based on measured discharge, sediment load, and cross-sectional data between 1986 and 2015, the changes in the morphological parameters (width, depth, and cross-sectional geomorphic coefficient) of the main channel were analyzed. The results showed that before the operation of the Xiaolangdi Reservoir (XLDR) from 1986-1999, the main channel shrunk continuously with decreasing width and depth. Because the decrease rate in width was greater than that in depth, the geomorphic coef?cient decreased in the reach above Gaocun. In contrast, for the reach below Gaocun, the decrease rate in width was smaller than that in depth, and the geomorphic coef?cient increased. After the XLDR began operating, the main channel eroded continuously, and the width and depth increased from 2000-2015. Because the increase rate in depth was obviously larger than that in width, the geomorphic coef?cient decreased in all sub-reaches. The cross-sectional geometry of the main channel exhibited different adjustment patterns during two periods. Before the XLDR operation, the main channel mainly narrowed in the transverse direction and silted in the vertical direction in the reach above Aishan (AS); in the reach below AS, the main channel primarily vertically silted. After the XLDR operation, the main channel adjusted by widening and deepening in the reach above AS; for the reach below AS, the main channel adjusted mainly by deepening. Compared to the decrease rates in main-channel width and depth during the siltation period, the increase rate in width during the scouring period was obviously smaller, while that in depth was larger. After continuous siltation and scouring, the main-channel cross-sectional geometry changed from relatively wide and shallow to relatively narrow and deep. The pattern of main-channel adjustment was closely related to the water and sediment conditions. For the braided reach, the geomorphic coef?cient was negatively correlated with discharge and positively correlated with suspended sediment concentration (SSC) during the siltation period. In contrast, the geomorphic coefficient was positively correlated with discharge and negatively correlated with SSC during the scouring period. For the transitional and wandering reach, the geomorphic coef?cient was negatively correlated with discharge and positively correlated with SSC.

Key words: the Lower Yellow River, changes in water and sediment conditions, Xiaolangdi Reservoir, main-channel geometry

WANG Yanjun, WU Baosheng, SHEN Guanqing. Adjustment in the main-channel geometry of the lower Yellow River before and after the operation of the Xiaolangdi Reservoir from 1986 to 2015[J].Acta Geographica Sinica, 2019, 74(11): 2411-2427.

Figures/Tables 16

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Tab. 1

Annual post-flood main-channel cross-sectional geometry parameters for different reaches of the lower Yellow River from 1986 to 2015

年份	主槽河宽(m)							主槽水深(m)							主槽河相系数(m^-0.5)
年份	小花	花夹	夹高	高孙	孙艾	艾泺	泺利	小花	花夹	夹高	高孙	孙艾	艾泺	泺利	小花	花夹	夹高	高孙	孙艾	艾泺	泺利
1986	1575	2489	1905	862	624	493	462	1.72	1.78	1.95	2.82	3.64	4.52	3.93	23.06	27.98	22.34	10.39	6.86	4.91	5.47
1987	1621	2393	1907	871	629	490	463	1.62	1.70	1.84	2.79	3.44	4.38	3.80	24.91	28.83	23.71	10.56	7.30	5.06	5.66
1988	1184	1684	1126	675	611	469	441	1.85	2.08	2.35	3.09	3.60	4.81	4.11	18.63	19.75	14.28	8.42	6.87	4.50	5.11
1989	1362	1940	1067	685	614	464	437	1.77	1.69	2.33	2.81	3.39	4.41	3.70	20.90	26.13	14.04	9.32	7.32	4.88	5.64
1990	1165	1604	969	712	589	463	439	1.78	1.59	2.08	2.69	3.30	4.27	3.54	19.18	25.23	14.94	9.91	7.36	5.04	5.92
1991	1310	1432	900	678	583	465	438	1.57	1.54	2.05	2.72	3.12	4.05	3.30	23.11	24.62	14.60	9.59	7.73	5.32	6.34
1992	859	1226	707	556	437	413	386	2.33	1.67	2.32	3.23	3.33	4.21	3.67	12.60	20.91	11.47	7.31	6.28	4.83	5.36
1993	978	1479	781	535	450	396	378	2.17	1.53	2.00	2.91	3.40	4.12	3.26	14.40	25.17	14.01	7.96	6.25	4.83	5.96
1994	878	1245	775	558	455	402	378	2.19	1.47	1.92	2.87	3.22	3.86	2.94	13.51	24.02	14.47	8.24	6.63	5.19	6.61
1995	840	1020	800	546	457	400	375	1.95	1.65	1.87	2.47	2.96	3.69	2.87	14.85	19.33	15.14	9.46	7.22	5.42	6.75
1996	1020	978	747	568	460	407	378	2.16	1.90	2.40	2.58	3.16	4.10	3.39	14.78	16.44	11.38	9.23	6.80	4.92	5.73
1997	850	934	559	553	457	410	378	1.95	1.67	1.82	2.10	2.76	3.44	2.97	14.95	18.29	13.01	11.18	7.75	5.88	6.55
1998	797	906	604	491	410	378	358	2.14	1.84	1.94	2.26	2.96	3.83	3.15	13.19	16.38	12.68	9.81	6.85	5.08	6.00
1999	878	778	573	498	419	374	357	1.77	1.74	1.79	2.03	2.65	3.53	2.91	16.74	16.03	13.34	11.02	7.73	5.47	6.49
2000	905	845	605	471	428	362	352	2.46	1.92	1.65	1.92	2.56	3.36	2.87	12.23	15.16	14.93	11.31	8.07	5.67	6.54
2001	981	828	636	468	422	365	347	2.67	2.06	1.76	1.82	2.64	3.36	2.82	11.74	13.96	14.32	11.86	7.79	5.69	6.59
2002	853	955	649	455	421	356	333	3.21	2.25	1.88	2.16	2.74	3.56	3.31	9.10	13.73	13.57	9.87	7.49	5.30	5.51
2003	854	841	636	467	416	358	328	3.83	2.96	2.53	2.69	3.18	4.19	3.90	7.63	9.79	9.98	8.04	6.41	4.51	4.65
2004	910	909	666	443	432	362	343	3.75	2.93	3.09	2.91	3.32	4.48	4.01	8.04	10.30	8.34	7.22	6.27	4.25	4.62
2005	951	1095	706	453	441	361	345	3.64	3.11	3.21	3.11	3.54	4.89	4.45	8.48	10.63	8.27	6.85	5.93	3.88	4.17
2006	957	1273	722	457	450	364	353	4.07	2.82	3.07	3.43	3.61	4.66	4.30	7.59	12.64	8.76	6.24	5.88	4.09	4.36
2007	1100	1137	733	472	462	366	357	4.18	3.68	3.24	3.60	3.68	4.85	4.48	7.94	9.16	8.35	6.03	5.85	3.95	4.22
2008	1201	1166	727	491	464	367	358	3.95	3.36	3.38	3.79	3.89	4.82	4.53	8.77	10.15	7.98	5.84	5.54	3.97	4.18
2009	1225	1275	764	517	472	366	360	4.00	3.40	3.43	4.02	3.94	4.91	4.62	8.75	10.52	8.07	5.66	5.52	3.90	4.11
2010	1258	1358	763	521	468	371	363	4.12	3.39	3.53	4.09	4.09	5.09	4.76	8.61	10.87	7.82	5.58	5.29	3.78	4.00
2011	1299	1443	773	523	467	374	365	4.22	3.49	3.79	4.27	4.30	5.25	4.88	8.54	10.89	7.34	5.36	5.03	3.68	3.91
2012	1224	1466	845	525	468	377	368	4.34	3.51	3.64	4.35	4.57	5.41	4.94	8.06	10.90	7.99	5.26	4.74	3.59	3.88
2013	1261	1488	870	534	462	384	372	4.36	3.53	3.56	4.46	4.62	5.57	4.93	8.14	10.93	8.29	5.18	4.66	3.52	3.92
2014	1259	1480	873	547	471	384	372	4.36	3.91	3.77	4.52	4.61	5.52	5.11	8.14	9.84	7.83	5.17	4.71	3.55	3.78
2015	1280	1522	879	569	472	387	377	4.55	4.08	3.85	4.46	4.69	5.63	4.97	7.86	9.57	7.69	5.36	4.63	3.50	3.90

Tab. 1

Tab. 2

Statistical parameters of the main-channel cross-sectional geometry before and after the operationof the Xiaolangdi Reservoir

时段	断面形态变量	小花段	花夹段	夹高段	高孙段	孙艾段	艾泺段	泺利段
1986-1999年	$y B 0.5$	0.75	0.56	0.55	0.76	0.82	0.87	0.88
	$y H$	1.03	0.98	0.92	0.72	0.73	0.78	0.74
	$y ξ$	0.73	0.57	0.60	1.06	1.13	1.12	1.19
	$y B 0.5 - 1$	-0.25^*	-0.44^*	-0.45^*	-0.24	-0.18	-0.13	-0.12
	$y H - 1$	0.03	-0.02	-0.08	-0.28^*	-0.27^*	-0.22^*	-0.26^*
2000-2015年	$y B 0.5$	1.21	1.40	1.24	1.07	1.06	1.02	1.03
	$y H$	2.57	2.34	2.15	2.20	1.77	1.59	1.71
	$y ξ$	0.47	0.60	0.58	0.49	0.60	0.64	0.60
	$y B 0.5 - 1$	0.21	0.40	0.24	0.07	0.06	0.02	0.03
	$y H - 1$	1.57^*	1.34^*	1.15^*	1.20*	0.77*	0.59^*	0.71^*

Tab. 2

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Adjustment in the main-channel geometry of the lower Yellow River before and after the operation of the Xiaolangdi Reservoir from 1986 to 2015

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