中国经济高质量发展的空间关联网络及其作用机制

doi:10.11821/dlxb202208006

Abstract

Abstract:

High-quality development is the main focus of China's economic and social development in the 14th Five-year Plan (2021-2025) and even in a longer period. It is also the basic requirement to adapt to the changes of the main social contradictions and the key path to build a modern socialist country and the fundamental place to follow the law of economic practice. This paper constructs an evaluation index system of high-quality economic development from five dimensions of innovation, coordination, green, openness and sharing, and measures the high-quality economic development level of China's provincial-level regions from 2011 to 2018. On this basis, social network analysis (SNA) and quadratic assignment procedure (QAP) are used to analyze the structural characteristics of the associated network of high-quality economic development and the mechanism of the difference of high-quality economic development. The results show that: (1) The correlation degree of spatial correlation network has always been 1, and the network density is stable, between 0.2 and 0.26. The spatial correlation network with high-quality development of inter-provincial economy has strong accessibility, multi-overlap and certain hierarchy, but the correlation tightness needs to be improved, and the network indicators remain relatively stable. (2) The spatial association network of inter-provincial high-quality development can be divided into four sections, among which the "net spillover" section with western provinces as the main section benefits the least; The "agent" plate, which is dominated by the central provinces, plays the role of "intermediary" and "bridge"; The "bidirectional spillover" plate dominated by provinces in the Bohai Rim and the "net beneficial" plate dominated by provinces in the Yangtze River Delta and southeast coastal areas play a greater role in controlling and dominating the spatial association network, and exert a greater effect in polarization rather than trickle down in the process of high-quality development of national economy. (3) The regional differences of human capital, urbanization level, financial technology and environmental quality will directly lead to the differences of high-quality economic development level between regions, among which, the difference of human capital contributes more than 90%.

Key words: high-quality economic development, spatial correlation network, social network analysis, quadratic assignment procedure, China

WANG Xiaohua, YANG Yuqi, LUO Xinyu, WEN Tao. The spatial correlation network and formation mechanism of China's high-quality economic development[J].Acta Geographica Sinica, 2022, 77(8): 1920-1936.

Figures/Tables 11

Tab. 1

Evaluation index system of high-quality economic development

一级指标	二级指标	三级指标	指标计算方式	性质	权重
创新	创新投入	科技支出投入比例	财政科技支出/一般预算支出	正	0.0321
		R&D经费投入比例	R&D经费/GDP	正	0.0293
		R&D人员投入比例	专利授权数/R&D人员全时当量	正	0.0307
	创新潜力	高校教师比例	普通高校专任教师数/总人口	正	0.0180
		高校学生比例	普通高校招生数/总人口	正	0.0130
		教育投入比例	教育支出/一般预算支出	正	0.0308
	创新产出	创新产品创收度	新产品销售收入/GDP	正	0.0314
		创新技术成交度	技术市场成交额/GDP	正	0.0176
		人均专利授权量	国内三种专利授权量/总人口	正	0.0194
协调	城乡协调	城镇化率	城镇人口/总人口	正	0.0147
		城乡收入比	城镇与农村居民可支配收入之比	负	0.0180
		城乡消费比	城镇居民消费水平/农村居民消费水平	负	0.0213
	产业协调	一二产业产值比例	第二产业增加值/第一产业增加值	正	0.0222
	产业协调	一三产业产值比例	第三产业增加值/第一产业增加值	正	0.0322
	投资消费协调	资本形成率	资本形成总额/GDP	正	0.0241
	投资消费协调	最终消费率	(居民消费总额+社会消费总额)/GDP	正	0.0177
	经济协调	通货膨胀率	居民消费价格指数	负	0.0315
	经济协调	失业率	城镇登记失业率	负	0.0272
	金融协调	存款余额比例	各项存款余额/GDP	正	0.0204
	金融协调	贷款余额比例	各项贷款余额/GDP	正	0.0253
绿色	能源消耗	人均用水量	用水总量/总人口	负	0.0095
		人均用电量	电力消耗量/总人口	负	0.0161
		单位产出能耗	能源消耗总量/GDP	负	0.0079
	环境污染	单位产出废水排放量	废水排放总量/GDP	负	0.0256
		单位产出废气排放量	二氧化硫排放量/GDP	负	0.0185
		单位产出废物排放量	一般工业固定废物产生量/GDP	负	0.0091
	绿化环保	森林覆盖率	森林覆盖率	正	0.0332
		建成区绿化覆盖率	建成区绿化覆盖率	正	0.0169
		自然保护区覆盖率	自然保护区面积/辖区面积	正	0.0270
	环境治理	环境保护投入比例	环境保护支出/一般预算支出	正	0.0217
		生活垃圾无害化处理率	无害化处理生活垃圾数量/生活垃圾总量	正	0.0195
		日均污水处理能力	日均污水处理能力	正	0.0238
开放	开放程度	对外贸易水平	进出口总额/GDP	正	0.0323
开放	开放程度	利用外资水平	利用外商投资总额/GDP	正	0.0224
共享	区域共享	地区收入共享	各省份人均GDP/全国人均GDP	正	0.0306
	区域共享	地区消费共享	各省份居民消费水平/全国居民消费水平	正	0.0275
	服务共享	医疗卫生投入比例	医疗卫生支出/总人口	正	0.0232
		社会保障和就业投入比	社会保障和就业支出/总人口	正	0.0362
		高等教育在学比例	高等教育在学人数/总人口	正	0.0147
	设施共享	医疗设施共享	每万人拥有医院、卫生院床位数	正	0.0267
		交通设施共享	每万人拥有公交车辆	正	0.0223
		环卫设施共享	每万人拥有公共厕所	正	0.0182
		文化设施共享	公共图书馆藏量/总人口	正	0.0178
		通信设施共享	电话数量/总人口	正	0.0223

Tab. 1

Fig. 1

Tab. 2

Fig. 2

Tab. 3

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Tab. 4

Tab. 5

Fig. 5

Tab. 6

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变量		变量代码	代理变量	数据来源
因变量	经济高质量发展的地区差距	HQ	经济高质量发展指数	《中国统计年鉴》
自变量	金融科技的地区差异	FT	金融科技指数	作者计算得出
	人力资本的地区差异	EDU	劳动力受教育年限	《中国人口和就业统计年鉴》
	物质资本积累的地区差异	FAI	固定资产投资占GDP比重	国家统计局
	环境质量的地区差异	EQ	污染总指数	国家统计局
	产业结构的地区差异	IS	第二产业增加值占GDP比重	中国统计年鉴
	城市化的地区差异	URB	城市人口密度	国家统计局

年份	网络密度	关联性分析
年份	网络密度	关联度	网络等级度	网络效率	最近上限
2011	0.248	1	0.340	0.658	0.986
2012	0.250	1	0.336	0.653	0.979
2013	0.251	1	0.336	0.651	0.979
2014	0.251	1	0.182	0.653	0.993
2015	0.247	1	0.336	0.655	0.979
2016	0.246	1	0.331	0.658	0.972
2017	0.202	1	0.331	0.754	0.972
2018	0.247	1	0.340	0.658	0.986

板块	接收关系数(个)		溢出关系数(个)		期望内部关系比例(%)	实际内部关系比例(%)	板块类型
板块	版块内	板块间	版块内	板块间	期望内部关系比例(%)	实际内部关系比例(%)	板块类型
第一板块	14	68	14	26	16.67	35.00	“双向溢出”板块
第二板块	13	79	13	30	16.67	30.23	“净受益”板块
第三板块	27	17	27	103	46.67	20.77	“净溢出”板块
第四板块	8	35	8	40	23.33	16.67	“经纪人”板块

年份	板块	密度矩阵				像矩阵
年份	板块	第一板块	第二板块	第三板块	第四板块	第一板块	第二板块	第三板块	第四板块
2011	第一板块	0.450	0.120	0.215	0.225	1	0	0	0
	第二板块	0.040	0.400	0.031	0.700	0	1	0	1
	第三板块	0.800	0.677	0.071	0.010	1	1	0	0
	第四板块	0.350	0.825	0.010	0.018	1	1	0	0
2018	第一板块	0.450	0.120	0.200	0.257	1	0	0	1
	第二板块	0.040	0.400	0.043	0.743	0	1	0	1
	第三板块	0.786	0.686	0.071	0.000	1	1	0	0
	第四板块	0.343	0.800	0.000	0.024	1	1	0	0

自变量	QAP相关分析		QAP回归分析
自变量	实际相关系数	显著性水平	未标准化回归系数	标准化回归系数	显著性水平
截距项	-	-	0.001	0.000	-
FT	0.959	0.000	0.063	0.063	0.013
EDU	0.994	0.000	0.915	0.912	0.000
FAI	0.977	0.000	-0.060	-0.059	0.009
EQ	0.939	0.000	0.055	0.055	0.002
IS	0.991	0.000	-0.061	-0.060	0.009
URB	0.965	0.000	0.092	0.091	0.003

The spatial correlation network and formation mechanism of China's high-quality economic development

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