玉米秸秆还田和有机配施提高黑土酸中和容量

doi:10.11821/dlxb202207009

Abstract

Abstract:

Long-term application of chemical fertilizers can lead to soil acidification, basic cation depletion, nutrient imbalance and heavy metal pollution of crops in farmland of Black Soil regions. Based on a 25-year National Black Soil Fertilizer Efficiency Monitoring Experiment in Gongzhuling, Jilin Province, the effects of 8 different fertilization treatments on soil acid neutralizing capacity (ANC) was examined, including no fertilization (Control or C), N, NP, NK, PK, NPK, combination of farmyard manure with chemical fertilizers (MNPK), and corn stalk return (SNPK). The application rates of N, P and K were 165, 36 and 68.5 kg hm^-2 a^-1, respectively, and N input was the same among NPK, MNPK and SNPK treatments. Results showed that chemical fertilizer application decreased topsoil pH by 0.37-1.39, while MNPK and SNPK treatments increased soil pH by 0.21 and 0.53, respectively. Acid neutralizing capacity as soil pH dropped to 5.0 (ANC_{pH 5.0}) of N, NP, NK, PK and NPK treatments was 42.85%, 61.79%, 54.05%, 82.26% and 63.68% of the Control, respectively, while the ANC_{pH 5.0} of MNPK treatment was 1.86 times of the Control. With 160 mmol kg^-1 H⁺ addition, the pH of SNPK-treated soil only decreased from 7.65 to 6.42, showing an extremely strong acid neutralizing capability. Soil exchangeable base cations were 1.37 and 1.14 times, while soil organic matters were 1.32 and 1.63 times, in SNPK and MNPK treatments as much as that in the Control, respectively, which are two main factors in improving soil ANC. In brief, the addition of organic materials significantly improved the anti-acidification properties and soil basic fertility level of the black soil. The results could provide theoretical basis and data support with long-term experiment evidence for the practices of conservation tillage with corn stalk return and chemical fertilizers partly substituted by farm-yard manure in black soil regions of Northeast China.

Key words: black soil, soil fertility, soil acidification, acid buffering capacity, corn stalk return, manure amendment

JIANG Yong, ZHANG Yongyong, LI Tianpeng, WANG Ruzhen, WANG Cong, ZHANG Yuge, GAO Hongjun, ZHU Ping, LI Hui. Corn stalk return and manure amendment improve acid neutralizing capacity of a black soil in Northeast China[J].Acta Geographica Sinica, 2022, 77(7): 1701-1712.

Figures/Tables 7

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处理	Ca/SEB	Mg/SEB	K/SEB	Na/SEB
C	88.27±2.68 b	10.36±2.58 c	1.15±0.09 de	0.22±0.01 cd
N	87.14±1.01 bc	11.67±1.01 bc	0.98±0.05 f	0.22±0.01 cd
NP	86.59±1.08 bc	12.12±1.17 bc	1.02±0.09 ef	0.27±0.02 b
NK	85.00±0.47 cd	13.26±0.59 ab	1.52±0.13 b	0.23±0.00 c
PK	85.02±0.80 cd	13.34±0.82 ab	1.37±0.06 bc	0.27±0.02 b
NPK	85.80±0.80 c	12.69±0.64 ab	1.23±0.10 cd	0.28±0.00 b
MNPK	83.45±0.73 d	14.40±0.67 a	1.67±0.09 a	0.48±0.05 a
SNPK	94.11±0.27 a	4.64±0.24 d	1.07±0.03 ef	0.18±0.01 d

Corn stalk return and manure amendment improve acid neutralizing capacity of a black soil in Northeast China

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