黑土保护与粮食安全背景下齐齐哈尔市国土空间优化调控路径

doi:10.11821/dlxb202207007

Abstract

Abstract:

In China, the national spatial planning system is built largely upon prefectural plans, a critical part of which in many prefecture-level cities would be agricultural planning. When we develop such plans for the black soil regions in Northeast China, much effort is needed to guarantee both the black soil conservation and food security, given the rarity and importance of the black soil to agricultural use. In this research, we took Qiqihar as a case to establish an evaluation index system of land space function in the black soil areas that integrated grid-scale and administrative regional-scale. We analyzed the spatio-temporal evolution features of the production-living-ecological space (PLES) in the study area and evaluated their coupling coordination. Based on this analysis, we put forward an optimal strategy for spatial planning regulation to meet the requirement of the diversified regional development and social demands in Qiqihar in the context of prioritizing black soil preservation and food security. The main conclusions can be drawn as follows: regarding the production-life-ecology function, the mildly imbalanced and barely coordinated areas increased from 2010 to 2018, when the production and living space grew to a certain extent. The low coordination of PLES, the regionally varied conflict between different functional spaces, and the potential risks of unsustainable development of black soil resources jointly constituted the conflict arising from its spatial planning. Eventually, we constructed a configuration model for optimizing spatial planning under the constraint of conflict between PLES on multiple scales. It is our suggestion that the enhancement of functional spatial planning at the prefecture level should drive the priority on which the national food security is based, by which the black soil preservation is oriented, and on which the allocation of "human-water-land" resources depends. To achieve such enhancement with the advantages of our prosperous industry, we should wisely channel the advantages of particular regions toward better development, promote the accelerated development of the critical cities and towns, improve the utilization efficiency of black soil resources, and encourage effective land use of towns in harmony with that of counties.

Key words: production-living-ecological function, suitability evaluation, sustainable evaluation, multi-scale integration, scenario simulation

FU Jingying, GAO Qiang, JIANG Dong, LIN Gang. Optimal regulation of spatial planning in the context of black soil preservation and food security in Qiqihar[J].Acta Geographica Sinica, 2022, 77(7): 1662-1680.

Figures/Tables 11

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Tab. 1

Tab. 2

Index system of production-living-ecological space suitability evaluation

空间类型	指标		指标分级和打分
空间类型	指标	权重	100	80	60	40
生产空间	土地利用类型	0.1664	耕地	建设用地草地、沟渠	林地	其他
	高程(m)	0.0526	< 180	[180, 240)	[240, 300)	≥ 300
	坡度(°)	0.0665	< 3	[3, 8)	[8, 15)	≥ 15
	年平均气温(℃)	0.0326	≥ 4	[3, 4)	[2, 3)	< 2
	年降雨量(mm)	0.0326	≥ 550	[500, 550)	[450, 500)	< 450
	土地全钾(g/kg)	0.0998	> 15	[10, 15)	[3, 10)	< 3
	土地全磷(g/kg)	0.0998	> 0.2	[0.1, 0.2)	[0.05, 0.1)	< 0.05
	有机质(g/kg)	0.0998	> 100	[60, 100)	[30, 60)	< 30
	PH值	0.1331	[6.5, 7.5)	[6.0, 6.5)	[7.5, 8.0)	≥ 8.0
	距沟渠距离(m)	0.0665	< 50	[50, 100)	[100, 150)	≥ 150
	土壤水力侵蚀	0.0665	≤ 1	[1, 2)	[2, 3)	≥ 3
	路网密度	0.0832	≥ 0.148	[0.083, 0.148)	[0.035, 0.083)	< 0.035
生活空间	土地利用类型	0.2083	城镇、农村	耕地、草地沟渠	林地	其他
	夜间灯光亮度	0.1042	≥ 35	[15, 35)	[0, 15)	< 0
	距主要道路距离(m)	0.1667	< 500	[500, 1500)	[1500, 3000)	≥ 3000
	距居民点距离(m)	0.125	< 300	[300, 600)	[600, 900)	≥ 900
	距地质灾害距离(m)	0.125	≥ 9000	[6000, 9000)	[2500, 6000)	≥ 2500
	高程(m)	0.0417	< 180	[180, 240)	[240, 300)	≥ 300
	坡度(°)	0.0417	< 8	[8, 15)	[15, 25)	≥ 25
	人口密度 (人/km²)	0.0833	≥ 2500	[1000, 2500)	[300, 1000)	< 300
	经济密度 (万元/km²)	0.1041	≥ 2000	[1000, 2000)	[500, 1000)	< 500
生态空间	土地利用类型	0.2382	林地、草地	河流、湖泊、水库坑塘、湿地	水田、旱地、未利用地	其他
	高程(m)	0.0714	≥ 300	[240, 300)	[180, 240)	< 180
	坡度(°)	0.0714	≥ 25	[15, 25)	[8, 15)	[0, 8)
	NDVI	0.1428	> 0.5	[0.25, 0.5)	[0.15, 0.25)	< 0.15
	土壤水力侵蚀	0.1428	≤ 1	[1, 2)	[2, 3)	≥ 3
	距水体的距离(m)	0.0953	> 6000	[4000, 6000)	[2000, 4000)	< 2000
	距工矿用地距离(m)	0.1428	≥ 3000	[1500, 3000)	[500, 1500)	< 500
	景观破碎度	0.0953	规则性好	规则性较好	规则性一般	规则性差

Tab. 2

Tab. 3

Fig. 3

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Fig. 7

Fig. 8

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“三生”空间		土地利用类型	属性说明
一级分类	二级分类	土地利用类型	属性说明
生产空间	农业生产空间	水田、旱地	水田和旱地为人类提供直接的农产品
生产空间	工业生产空间	工矿、交通建设用地	工厂、矿石场、交通道路等为人类提供产品或服务
生活空间	城镇生活空间	城镇建设用地	包括住宅用地、公共管理及服务用地等,城市居民的生活空间
生活空间	农村生活空间	农村居民点用地	建成区之外的人类生活空间
生态空间	林地生态空间	有林地、灌木林地、其他林地	林地、草地可以保持水土、保证生态循环,维持生态系统平衡
	草地生态空间	高、中、低覆盖度草地	林地、草地可以保持水土、保证生态循环,维持生态系统平衡
	水域生态空间	河流、湖泊、水库坑塘、湿地、滩涂	水体稳定区域温度,具有自我环境净化能力,是重要的生态用地
	其他生态空间	沙地、裸地、盐碱地、未利用地	沙地、未利用地等用地,难以开发利用故维持其生态服务功能

一级功能	二级功能	指标	权重	数据获取
生产功能	农业供给功能	耕地面积比重	0.013	耕地面积/行政单元总面积
		粮食人均占有量	0.070	粮食产量/人口数
		粮食产出率	0.037	粮食产量/耕地面积
	非农业供给功能	二三产业用地面积比重	0.009	二三产业用地/总面积
		二三产业比重	0.011	二三产业产值/总产值
		土地产出率	0.276	总产值/行政单元总面积
生活功能	居住承载功能	生活用地面积比重	0.074	生活用地面积/行政单元总面积
		人口密度	0.056	总人口/行政单元总面积
		人均医院床位	0.127	总床位数/总人口
	社会保障功能	路网通达性	0.013	道路长度/行政单元总面积
		人均消费水平	0.062	人均可支配收入
		城镇化水平	0.083	城镇人口/总人口
生态功能	生态维持功能	生态用地比重	0.044	生态用地/行政单元总面积
		植被覆盖率	0.028	林地面积/行政单元总面积
		水域覆盖率	0.103	水域面积/行政单元总面积
	环境治理能力	空气质量	0.060	空气质量指数

Optimal regulation of spatial planning in the context of black soil preservation and food security in Qiqihar

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