非线性视角下的上海旅游地复杂系统演化过程及动力学特征

doi:10.11821/dlxb202108015

Abstract

Abstract:

With the increasing complexity of tourism destination development, nonlinear research method has become an effective way for tourism destination evolution research. This paper, with Shanghai as a case study, takes the tourism demand as the dynamic behavior representation of the complex system of the tourism destination by using the method of horizontal visibility graph. It explores the evolution process and dynamic characteristics of the complex system of tourism destination. Result shows that the evolution of tourism destination complex system is featured by a small world and approximate scale-free network, which is characterized by chaotic dynamic behavior and chaotic deterministic nonlinear dynamic system. The evolution of the complex system of Shanghai tourism destination is in the chaos of "order in disorder" or the edge of chaos. The original order of the system has collapsed, and new attributes and structures have emerged gradually, and then they will form a new advanced order. The complex system of tourism destination follows the process of "order - chaos (edge) - emergence - new order", from low order to high order. The major events dominated by the external environment and the main system are the "key elements" of the evolution of complex tourism destination system from low-level order to high-level order. The improvement of the government's learning and innovation ability acts as a "propeller" in the system's phased evolution. Tourism enterprises begin to play a critical role and become the leading force to promote the development of complex system of Shanghai's tourism destination in the future. International inbound tourism source countries of Shanghai (Japan, South Korea, Singapore, Germany, Britain, France, Canada, and Australia) and domestic foreign tourism market are in an unstable chaotic region, which is an important factor affecting the chaotic behavior of the complex system of Shanghai's tourism destination. We should control the chaos, strengthen the management and guidance, and promote the formation of orderly state in the new evolution stage of the complex system of Shanghai's tourism destination.

Key words: tourism destination complex system, nonlinearity, evolution process, network, Shanghai

ZHAO Zan, LU Lin, REN Yisheng. Evolution and dynamic characteristics of tourism destination complex system from the perspective of nonlinearity: A case study of Shanghai[J].Acta Geographica Sinica, 2021, 76(8): 2032-2047.

Figures/Tables 13

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Evolution phase characteristics of tourism destination complex system in Shanghai

演化阶段	系统特征(产业结构、规模、业态等)	转折点重要事件	主导行动者	子系统
1998—2002年	旅游业实现“外事接待型”向“经济产业型”转变,成为国民经济新的增长点。以都市旅游观光产品为主,商业、休闲旅游逐步成为都市旅游重要组成部分,会展、工业、农业旅游新兴业态得到一定发展。“非典”疫情爆发后,旅游者人数明显下降。	2002年“非典”疫情爆发	自然环境	外部环境
2003—2006年	都市旅游发展格局初步确立,传统观光旅游、工业旅游、农业旅游、休闲度假旅游、会展旅游进一步发展。通过“两节三赛”,创新旅游产品,中国旅游交易会及上海旅游节等节庆活动发展为国际性大型旅游节,上海向国际性大都市迈进,接待旅游者人数呈明显上升态势。	2006年举办多项世界国际性活动赛事	政府	主体系统
2007—2008年	以“服务奥运”“迎世博”为契机,推动旅游产业集聚,提升旅游自主创新能力,增强旅游国际竞争力。都市旅游成为上海建设大都市的重要途径和形象品牌,节庆会展旅游更趋势国际化;形成国际、国内旅游共同繁荣局面,接待旅游者人数呈显著增长趋势。	2008年北京奥运会足球赛事\|分会场
2009—2010年	世博会的举办,推动上海多中心、多流向、多圈层旅游格局的形成,旅游业成为上海支柱产业。工业旅游、文化旅游等专项产品不断升级,邮轮旅游、农旅等新型旅游业态蓬勃发展,形成一批具有国际影响力的城市旅游品牌,接待旅游者人数都呈迅速大幅增长态势。	2010年举办上海世界博览会
2011—2013年	以“创新驱动、转型发展”为主旨,大力发展邮轮旅游,邮轮旅游者人数突破百万人大关,成为上海新兴旅游业态的新增长点,出入境旅游者增长120%。注重旅游与相关产业创新融合,智慧旅游、旅游信息服务等旅游公共服务品质日益提升,形成以旅游业为核心、以服务型经济为主的产业结构。	2013年举办首届邮轮旅游节,成立中国邮轮旅游发展实验区
2014—2016年	以迪士尼开园为契机,大力创新旅游产品,突出上海都市旅游发展核心,形成“旅游+”十大系列产品,实现了从单一观光、休闲向观光、休闲、度假、商务、会议并重的旅游产业发展方式转变和转型升级,逐步形成“大旅游、大产业”的发展格局。	2016上海迪士尼开业	企业
2017年—	迪士尼溢出带动效应显著,“本土第一、世界精品”的黄浦江旅游休闲区、崇明世界生态岛等由外资、民资及社会资本参与的具有国际性吸引力的重点项目不断涌现;旅游“大旅游、大市场、大产业”产业融合格局基本形成,并由“景区旅游”向“全域旅游”发展格局转变。	-	企业

Tab. 4

Tab. 5

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时间序列	L	L_rond(变异系数)	C	C_rond(变异系数)
Month	5.637	3.677(0.015)	0.588	0.030(0.242)
Year	6.289	3.159(0.155)	0.130	0.119(0.181)
DOM	6.195	3.752(0.021)	0.594	0.031(0.150)
INT	9.390	4.035(0.015)	0.580	0.024(0.251)

时间序列	λ值	置信区间(95%)	变异系数	Sig(双侧)
Month	0.264	0.022	-	0.000
Year	0.409	0.529	-	0.059
INT	0.201	0.016	-	0.000
DOM	0.298	0.021	-	0.000
Rnd	0.589	0.051	0.245	-
Fbm	0.533	0.124	0.327	-
Lgst	0.331	0.044	0.236	-
Lorenz	0.291	0.058	0.277	-

时间序列	模块时间节点(年月)	年份
Month	2008.12,2010.12,2013.11,2016.05	2008,2010,2013,2016
Year	2002,2006,2008,2010,2013,2016	2002,2006,2008,2010,2013,2016
INT	2008.04,2010.10,2013.10,2016.11	2008,2010,2013,2016
DOM	2008.12,2010.12,2013.04,2016.05	2008,2010,2013,2016
Month(2013.01—2018.06)	2013.11,2016.05	2013,2016
Year(1998—2013年)	2002,2006,2008,2010	2002,2006,2008,2010

构成		占比(%)	F值	λ值	置信区间(95%)	sig.(双侧)
国际入境旅游	新加坡	3.18	41.38	0.208	0.055	0.000
	英国	2.68	23.40	0.080	0.064	0.000
	德国	3.74	20.30	0.278	0.061	0.000
	澳大利亚	2.55	13.06	0.076	0.058	0.049
	加拿大	2.37	11.22	0.101	0.064	0.029
	法国	2.66	10.65	0.028	0.059	0.010
	韩国	9.12	7.73	0.063	0.055	0.032
	日本	15.12	6.93	0.132	0.064	0.019
	美国	9.94	3.74	0.438	0.057	0.010
国内旅游	国内本地游客	42.34	19.69	0.409	0.205	0.059
国内旅游	国内外地游客	57.66	20.43	0.109	0.150	0.037

Evolution and dynamic characteristics of tourism destination complex system from the perspective of nonlinearity: A case study of Shanghai

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