黄河头道拐—潼关区间植被恢复及其对水沙过程影响

doi:10.11821/dlxb202105012

Abstract

Abstract:

The Toudaoguai-Tongguan section is the main source area of sediments in the Yellow River and has the largest vegetation restoration rate in China. Subsequently, the rapid restoration of vegetation has had significant effects on the runoff and sediment transport processes. In this paper, the vegetation restoration characteristics, and the influencing factors and their effects on runoff and sediment processes in different landform units in the Toudaoguai-Tongguan section were analyzed based on the MOD13Q1 Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data using the statistical and trend analysis techniques. And then, the future vegetation development trend in this area was predicted. The results suggest that the vegetation exhibits a significant increasing trend (p < 0.05) in 82.87% of the study area, and the semi-humid loess hilly and gully zones have the largest vegetation restoration rate. Slope gradient and precipitation have different effects on the vegetation restoration in different landform units. With the increase of precipitation, the correlation between NDVI and annual precipitation in the Toudaoguai-Tongguan section is lessened. In the context of vegetation restoration, precipitation is still the major factor influencing the main river runoffs in the middle reaches of the Yellow River, whereas the sediment load is affected by both precipitation and NDVI, and the sediment concentration exhibits a relatively strong negative correlation with NDVI. With the increase of vegetation coverage, the amount of soil erosion in the watershed decreases, and the river sediment load exhibits a decreasing trend. The contribution rate of the amount of soil erosion to the sediment load varies between 39%-88%. Based on the vegetation restoration potential and vegetation restoration rate, it was predicted that the mean values of NDVI in the Toudaoguai-Tongguan section in 2020, 2030, 2040, and 2050 would be 0.68, 0.75, 0.79, and 0.80, respectively.

Key words: vegetation restoration, trend analysis, middle reaches of the Yellow River, runoff and sediment process

GAO Haidong, WU Zhao. Vegetation restoration and its effect on runoff and sediment processes in the Toudaoguai-Tongguan section of the Yellow River[J].Acta Geographica Sinica, 2021, 76(5): 1206-1217.

Figures/Tables 12

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Tab. 1

Tab. 2

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

Tab. 3

Tab. 4

Partial correlation coefficients between hydrological factors and NDVI and precipitation

流域/站点	水文因子	NDVI	年降水量	流域/站点	水文因子	NDVI	年降水量
皇甫川/ 皇甫	径流量	-0.35	0.73^**	清涧河/ 延川	径流量	-0.30	0.35
	输沙量	-0.55^*	0.62^*		输沙量	-0.31	0.07
	含沙量	-0.68^**	-0.02		含沙量	-0.48	0.12
县川河/ 旧县	径流量	-0.41	0.36	昕水河/ 大宁	径流量	-0.13	0.77^**
	输沙量	-0.33	0.24		输沙量	-0.82^**	0.50
	含沙量	-0.39	0.16		含沙量	-0.86^**	0.05
孤山川/ 高石崖	径流量	-0.58^*	0.86^**	延河/ 甘谷驿	径流量	-0.29	0.73^**
	输沙量	-0.80^**	0.66^**		输沙量	-0.46	0.27
	含沙量	-0.88^**	0.36		含沙量	-0.54^*	0.07
朱家川/ 桥头	径流量	-0.30	0.63^*	仕望川/ 大村	径流量	0.65^*	0.81^**
	输沙量	-0.43	0.53^*		输沙量	0.19	0.26
	含沙量	-0.36	0.25		含沙量	-0.06	0.15
窟野河/ 温家川	径流量	-0.15	0.72^**	洛河/ 刘家河	径流量	-0.60^*	0.90^**
	输沙量	-0.90^**	0.80^**		输沙量	-0.52^*	0.85^**
	含沙量	-0.88^**	0.61^*		含沙量	-0.40	0.75^**
秃尾河/ 高家川	径流量	-0.56^*	0.34	葫芦河/ 张村驿	径流量	0.70^*	0.56^*
	输沙量	-0.53^*	0.17		输沙量	0.64^*	0.84^**
	含沙量	-0.51^*	0.15		含沙量	-0.39	0.48
汾河/ 静乐	径流量	0.86^**	0.12	马莲河/ 雨落坪	径流量	-0.42	0.75^**
	输沙量	-0.73^**	0.60^*		输沙量	-0.59^*	0.67^**
	含沙量	-0.77^**	0.51		含沙量	-0.43	0.27
佳芦河/ 申家湾	径流量	-0.06	0.74^**	泾河/ 杨家坪	径流量	-0.09	0.59^*
	输沙量	-0.50^*	0.79^**		输沙量	-0.72^**	0.62^*
	含沙量	-0.72^**	0.79^**		含沙量	-0.61^*	0.18
湫水河/ 林家坪	径流量	-0.11	0.54^*	渭河/ 秦安	径流量	0.50^**	0.91^**
	输沙量	-0.20	0.27		输沙量	-0.76^**	0.73^**
	含沙量	-0.33	0.23		含沙量	-0.68^**	0.06
大理河/ 绥德	径流量	-0.44	0.68^**	渭河/ 武山	径流量	0.66^**	0.92^**
	输沙量	-0.59^*	0.61^*		输沙量	-0.25	0.45
	含沙量	-0.62^*	0.56^*		含沙量	-0.50	0.07

Tab. 4

Fig. 6

Tab. 5

Fig. 7

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景观单元	气候带	Theil Sen斜率值	趋势	占比(%)
黄土丘陵沟壑区	半干旱	0.0115	降低	0.06
			增加	90.72
			不显著	9.22
	半湿润	0.0124	降低	0.13
			增加	95.55
			不显著	4.32
土石山区	半干旱	0.0078	降低	0.06
			增加	85.72
			不显著	14.22
	半湿润	0.0056	降低	0.19
			增加	89.28
			不显著	10.53
黄土高塬沟壑区	半干旱	0.0085	降低	0.20
			增加	74.52
			不显著	25.28
	半湿润	0.0088	降低	2.20
			增加	73.62
			不显著	24.18
平原区		0.0021	降低	13.93
			增加	34.37
			不显著	51.70
风沙区		0.0086	降低	0.22
			增加	88.29
			不显著	11.49
头道拐—潼关区间		0.0086	降低	1.66
			增加	82.87
			不显著	15.47

景观单元	坡度(°)	占比(%)	Theil Sen斜率值
黄土丘陵沟壑区	0~15	55	0.0119
黄土丘陵沟壑区	> 15	45	0.0120
黄土高塬沟壑区	0~15	74	0.0080
黄土高塬沟壑区	>15	26	0.0108
土石山区	0~15	40	0.0070
土石山区	> 15	60	0.0055

景观单元	土地利用变化	占比(%)	Theil Sen斜率值
风沙区	草地→草地	46.10	0.0086
	沙地→沙地	26.81	0.0086
	耕地→耕地	9.51	0.0092
平原区	耕地→耕地	67.99	0.0024
	建筑用地→建筑用地	10.54	0.0011
	耕地→建筑用地	6.81	-0.0031
黄土高塬沟壑区	耕地→耕地	54.96	0.0081
黄土高塬沟壑区	草地→草地	24.36	0.0109
土石山区	林地→林地	47.68	0.0046
	草地→草地	23.57	0.0081
	耕地→耕地	12.90	0.0091
	草地→林地	9.38	0.0042
黄土丘陵沟壑区	草地→草地	40.69	0.0121
	耕地→耕地	36.22	0.0123
	林地→林地	7.83	0.0103
	耕地→草地	5.38	0.0135

Vegetation restoration and its effect on runoff and sediment processes in the Toudaoguai-Tongguan section of the Yellow River

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因素	窟野河	无定河	延河	汾河	北洛河	泾河	渭河
土壤侵蚀模数	0.39	0.71	0.51	0.71	0.88	0.47	0.69
淤地坝数量	-0.61	-0.29	-0.49	-0.29	-0.12	-0.53	-0.31

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