基于创新企业的中国城市网络联系特征

doi:10.11821/dlxb202104005

Abstract

Abstract:

Improving the connectivity of multi-sector enterprises at a cross-regional level can enhance knowledge and technology transfer and stimulate innovation and synergies among cities. Therefore, the study of city networks, which comprise a large number of multi-sector enterprises, can provide an important knowledge base for innovation and development at the regional and national levels. Based on an evaluation of innovative enterprises in China by authoritative institutions, data were collected on 1778 multi-sector enterprises, which included details on the headquarters, the branches (a total of 30,625) and the locations. A city-based network for the country was established, using the data for the multi-sector linkages and a model for the headquarters-branches, to explore the network connectivity characteristics via social network analysis, the GIS method and the spatial interactive model. The results showed that (1) although the network covered 353 cities across China, the spatial distribution of the network was extremely uneven. For instance, a diamond-shaped connectivity pattern emerged gradually as the network hierarchy decreased. The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, the Yangtze River Delta and the Pearl River Delta were found to be the three key hubs of the network. (2) The intercity linkages between innovative enterprise sectors (innovative enterprise flows), had a clear administrative center and a provincial boundary effect. Moreover, the innovative enterprises were strongly attracted to the municipalities and provincial capitals. Beijing was at the heart of the network, followed by Shanghai and Shenzhen. (3) Differences existed in regional connectivity. There was a striking difference between the eastern region and the central-western region. The former had a high connectivity with respect to both the internal and the external networks, while the latter had lower connectivity for the internal network but a higher connectivity at the external level. At the same time, although the network structures for all the three eastern megalopolises showed strong cohesion, their connectivity characteristics were quite different. (4) The input and output of innovative enterprise flows were to varying degrees influenced by the indicator attributes for each city, and these in turn were related to the administrative hierarchy, the economic strength and the innovative environment of the region, as well as proximity indicators, which were related to geographical, technological and institutional factors. Foreign capital was not conducive to innovative enterprise flows and to the formation of innovative intercity company-based networks in China.

Key words: innovative enterprise, city network, collaborative innovation, innovation pattern, China

HUANG Xiaodong, MA Haitao, MIAO Changhong. Connectivity characteristics for city networks in China based on innovative enterprises[J].Acta Geographica Sinica, 2021, 76(4): 835-852.

Figures/Tables 10

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名单	评选单位	批次及数量	评选标准
创新型企业试点	中国科技部、国资委、总工会	2006—2012年5批,共计676家企业	技术创新、品牌创新、体制机制创新、经营管理创新、理念和文化创新
国家技术创新示范企业	中国工信部、财政部	2011—2017年7批,共计495家企业	创新机制、技术与人才、产出与效益
中国企业创新能力1000强	中国人民大学等	2017年1000家企业	创新投入、创新成果、创新价值扩散、创新网络宣传以及创新市场收益
中国大陆创新企业百强	Clarivate Analytic	2016、2017年两批,每批次100家	企业发明总量、专利授权率、全球化和影响力
2017 Global Innovation 1000	Strategy	2017年中国大陆企业113家	全球研发支出最高的1000家上市公司

路径长度	路径数量(条)	占比(%)	累积占比(%)
1	9110	7.33	7.33
2	100132	80.58	87.91
3	14798	11.91	99.82
4	216	0.17	100

序列	出度	入度	中心度	辐射城市数	吸引城市数
1	北京(9926)	北京(3788)	北京(13714)	北京(297)	北京(139)
2	深圳(3423)	上海(3493)	上海(6271)	深圳(168)	上海(138)
3	上海(2778)	深圳(1901)	深圳(5324)	上海(146)	成都(95)
4	杭州(1737)	成都(1457)	杭州(2822)	南京(137)	深圳(93)
5	广州(1221)	天津(1303)	广州(2493)	成都(134)	广州(84)

	区域内部创新企业流			区域外部创新企业流
	总强度	平均强度	首位占比	总强度	平均强度	首位占比
东部区域	20586	179.01	0.19	17563	73.79	0.33
中部区域	2208	17.25	0.11	11939	53.30	0.14
西部区域	1762	16.59	0.18	8554	35.06	0.21
京津冀城市群	1556	119.69	0.43	15063	44.30	0.82
长三角城市群	3393	130.50	0.23	13180	40.31	0.36
珠三角城市群	1016	112.89	0.33	8686	25.25	0.53

	模型1	模型2	模型3	模型4	模型5
流发出城市属性指标
UAD	0.096^**	0.162^***			0.243^***
	(0.04)	(0.04)			(0.031)
PGDP	0.275^***	0.311^***			0.386^***
	(0.044)	(0.043)			(0.034)
PCH	0.028^***	0.022^***			0.026^***
	(0.008)	(0.008)			(0.006)
STE	0.062^***	0.061^***			0.065^***
	(0.004)	(0.004)			(0.003)
TIZ	0.055^*	0.069^**			0.009
	(0.029)	(0.029)			(0.024)
AUFDI	-0.022^***	-0.024^***			-0.025^***
	(0.005)	(0.005)			(0.004)
流接收城市属性指标
UAD			0.135^***	0.180^***	0.284^***
			(0.041)	(-0.042)	(0.031)
PGDP			0.402^***	0.409^***	0.379^***
			(0.048)	(0.048)	(0.036)
PCH			0.074^***	0.086^***	0.055^***
			(0.009)	(0.009)	(0.006)
STE			0.019^***	0.013^***	0.036^***
			(0.005)	(-0.004)	(0.003)
TIZ			0.144^***	0.192^***	0.113^***
			(0.032)	(-0.032)	(0.025)
AUFDI			0.013^**	0.014^**	-0.006
			(0.006)	(0.006)	(0.005)
城市关系邻近性指标
GEOPRO		-0.161^***		-0.129^***	-0.114^***
		(0.025)		(0.026)	(0.02)
TECPRO		0.312^**		-1.617^***	1.241^***
		(0.135)		(0.137)	(0.121)
INSTPRO		0.380^***		0.366^***	0.811^***
		(0.047)		(0.049)	(0.037)
常数项	1.174^***	0.875^***	1.051^***	2.377^***	-1.450^***
	(0.058)	(0.131)	(0.055)	(0.131)	(0.127)
lnα	-0.162^***	-0.202^***	-0.072^***	-0.110^***	-0.888^***
	(0.021)	(0.021)	(0.02)	(0.02)	(0.026)
样本量	5124	5124	5124	5124	5124

Connectivity characteristics for city networks in China based on innovative enterprises

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