Acta Geographica Sinica ›› 2021, Vol. 76 ›› Issue (3): 626-644.doi: 10.11821/dlxb202103010
• Environment and Ecosystem Services • Previous Articles Next Articles
Received:
2020-10-19
Revised:
2021-03-09
Online:
2021-03-25
Published:
2021-05-25
Supported by:
FAN Zemeng. Spatial identification and scenario simulation of ecotone distribution in China[J].Acta Geographica Sinica, 2021, 76(3): 626-644.
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Tab. 1
Identification criteria of ecotones
编码 | BTZ类型 | MAB(℃) | TAP(mm) | PER |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 风荒漠与冰雪过渡带 | > 0.375 | < 125 | < 0.25 |
2 | 风荒漠—冰缘与冰雪过渡带 | < 0.75 | > 125 | > 0.25 |
3 | 风荒漠—冻荒漠与冰缘过渡带 | > 0.75 | < 125 | < 0.50 |
4 | 冰缘与冰雪过渡带 | > 0.75 | < 250 | < 0.25 |
5 | 冻荒漠—冰缘与高寒草原过渡带 | < 1.50 | > 125 | > 0.50 |
6 | 冰缘—冰雪与高寒草甸过渡带 | < 1.50 | > 250 | > 0.25 |
7 | 冻荒漠—高寒荒漠/草原过渡带 | > 1.50 | < 125 | < 1.00 |
8 | 冰缘—高寒草原/草甸过渡带 | > 1.50 | < 250 | < 0.50 |
9 | 冰雪—高寒草甸与苔原过渡带 | > 1.50 | < 500 | < 0.25 |
10 | 高寒荒漠/草原与干旱灌丛过渡带 | < 3.00 | > 125 | > 1.00 |
11 | 高寒草原/草甸与北方湿润森林过渡带 | < 3.00 | > 250 | > 0.50 |
12 | 高寒草甸/苔原与北方潮湿森林过渡带 | < 3.00 | > 500 | > 0.25 |
13 | 高寒荒漠与北方荒漠/干旱灌丛过渡带 | > 3.00 | < 125 | < 2.00 |
14 | 高寒草原与北方干旱灌丛/湿润森林过渡带 | > 3.00 | < 250 | < 1.00 |
15 | 高寒草甸与北方湿润/潮湿森林过渡带 | > 3.00 | < 500 | < 0.50 |
16 | 北方潮湿/雨林与苔原过渡带 | > 3.00 | < 1000 | < 0.25 |
17 | 北方荒漠/灌丛与冷温带荒漠灌丛过渡带 | < 6.00 | > 125 | > 2.00 |
18 | 北方干旱灌丛/湿润森林与冷温带草原过渡带 | < 6.00 | > 250 | > 1.00 |
19 | 北方湿润/潮湿森林与冷温带湿润森林过渡带 | < 6.00 | > 500 | > 0.50 |
20 | 北方潮湿/雨林与冷温带潮湿森林过渡带 | < 6.00 | > 1000 | > 0.25 |
21 | 北方荒漠与冷温带荒漠/灌丛过渡带 | > 6.00 | < 125 | < 4.00 |
22 | 北方干旱灌丛与冷温带荒漠灌丛/草原过渡带 | > 6.00 | < 250 | < 2.00 |
23 | 北方湿润森林与冷温带草原/湿润森林过渡带 | > 6.00 | < 500 | < 1.00 |
24 | 北方潮湿森林与冷温带湿润/潮湿森林过渡带 | > 6.00 | < 1000 | < 0.50 |
25 | 北方雨林与冷温带潮湿森林/雨林过渡带 | > 6.00 | < 2000 | < 0.25 |
26 | 冷温带荒漠/灌丛与暖温带荒漠灌丛过渡带 | < 12.00 | > 125 | > 4.00 |
27 | 冷温带荒漠灌丛/草原与暖温带有刺草原过渡带 | < 12.00 | > 250 | > 2.00 |
28 | 冷温带草原/湿润森林与暖温带干旱森林过渡带 | < 12.00 | > 500 | > 1.00 |
29 | 冷温带湿润/潮湿森林与暖温带湿润森林过渡带 | < 12.00 | > 1000 | > 0.50 |
30 | 冷温带潮湿森林/雨林与暖温带潮湿森林过渡带 | < 12.00 | > 2000 | > 0.25 |
31 | 冷温带荒漠与暖温带荒漠/灌丛过渡带 | > 12.00 | < 125 | < 8.00 |
32 | 冷温带荒漠灌丛与暖温带荒漠灌丛/有刺草原过渡带 | > 12.00 | < 250 | < 4.00 |
33 | 冷温带草原与暖温带有刺草原/干旱森林过渡带 | > 12.00 | < 500 | < 2.00 |
34 | 冷温带湿润森林与暖温带干旱/湿润森林过渡带 | > 12.00 | < 1000 | < 1.00 |
35 | 冷温带潮湿森林与暖温带湿润/潮湿森林过渡带 | > 12.00 | < 2000 | < 0.50 |
36 | 冷温带雨林与暖温带潮湿森林/雨林过渡带 | > 12.00 | < 4000 | < 0.25 |
37 | 亚热带荒漠/灌丛与热带荒漠灌丛过渡带 | < 24.00 | > 125 | > 8.00 |
38 | 亚热带灌丛/有刺草原与热带有刺疏林过渡带 | < 24.00 | > 250 | > 4.00 |
39 | 亚热带有刺疏林/干旱森林与热带很干森林过渡带 | < 24.00 | > 500 | > 2.00 |
40 | 亚热带干旱/湿润森林与热带干旱森林过渡带 | < 24.00 | > 1000 | > 1.00 |
41 | 亚热带湿润/潮湿森林与热带湿润森林过渡带 | < 24.00 | > 2000 | > 0.50 |
42 | 亚热带潮湿森林/雨林与热带潮湿森林过渡带 | < 24.00 | > 4000 | > 0.25 |
43 | 亚热带荒漠与热带荒漠/灌丛过渡带 | > 24.00 | < 125 | < 16.00 |
44 | 亚热带荒漠灌丛与热带荒漠灌丛/有刺疏林过渡带 | > 24.00 | < 250 | < 8.00 |
45 | 亚热带有刺疏林与热带有刺疏林/很干森林过渡带 | > 24.00 | < 500 | < 4.00 |
46 | 亚热带干旱森林与热带很干/干旱森林过渡带 | > 24.00 | < 1000 | < 2.00 |
47 | 亚热带湿润森林与热带干旱/湿润森林过渡带 | > 24.00 | < 2000 | < 1.00 |
48 | 亚热带潮湿森林与热带湿润/潮湿森林过渡带 | > 24.00 | < 4000 | < 0.50 |
49 | 亚热带雨林与热带潮湿/雨林过渡带 | > 24.00 | < 8000 | < 0.25 |
Tab. 2
Area of ecotones under the three scenarios of RCP 2.6, RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 (km2)
编码 | T0 | RCP 2.6 | RCP 4.5 | RCP 8.5 | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
T1 | T2 | T3 | T1 | T2 | T3 | T1 | T2 | T3 | ||||
1 | 0 | 18 | 11 | 28 | 33 | 20 | 16 | 19 | 12 | 4 | ||
2 | 0 | 331 | 319 | 186 | 359 | 234 | 60 | 358 | 44 | 8 | ||
3 | 0 | 112 | 61 | 44 | 99 | 82 | 32 | 106 | 36 | 6 | ||
4 | 4133 | 2523 | 1929 | 2252 | 2249 | 1362 | 1255 | 2311 | 1251 | 177 | ||
5 | 69 | 1733 | 1621 | 1066 | 2043 | 1487 | 444 | 1937 | 235 | 21 | ||
6 | 67207 | 10165 | 5417 | 5630 | 9968 | 2705 | 2324 | 9085 | 2328 | 1271 | ||
7 | 0 | 496 | 569 | 85 | 494 | 503 | 38 | 462 | 33 | 0 | ||
8 | 21710 | 11833 | 8575 | 10436 | 11382 | 6306 | 5947 | 10986 | 6176 | 1778 | ||
9 | 50942 | 61529 | 54199 | 57642 | 56865 | 39831 | 35050 | 58659 | 30123 | 3972 | ||
10 | 6226 | 8108 | 7560 | 4602 | 7505 | 7651 | 3534 | 6888 | 1899 | 51 | ||
11 | 42813 | 72193 | 62699 | 63182 | 77481 | 51897 | 33686 | 74401 | 29872 | 9700 | ||
12 | 51665 | 60798 | 74726 | 76468 | 56264 | 81194 | 91293 | 57836 | 86511 | 64255 | ||
13 | 3698 | 2938 | 2566 | 1301 | 3330 | 2810 | 891 | 3097 | 568 | 9 | ||
14 | 33304 | 43970 | 35350 | 28835 | 44576 | 26912 | 22438 | 39653 | 26194 | 20468 | ||
15 | 53039 | 104570 | 121523 | 125735 | 105814 | 129326 | 145756 | 109206 | 147273 | 124791 | ||
16 | 20394 | 10 | 16 | 14 | 14 | 1 | 27 | 14 | 15 | 414 | ||
17 | 14482 | 16502 | 13437 | 13794 | 17491 | 11940 | 11067 | 15377 | 10001 | 3115 | ||
18 | 31289 | 45109 | 46366 | 43487 | 39986 | 50052 | 53911 | 40208 | 57198 | 32904 | ||
19 | 52387 | 135375 | 135381 | 167223 | 152001 | 164383 | 160644 | 151677 | 152096 | 182743 | ||
20 | 5537 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 21 | 21 | 0 | 15 | 14 | ||
21 | 13194 | 22047 | 18090 | 14887 | 20233 | 9779 | 5739 | 17244 | 4532 | 2311 | ||
22 | 63353 | 42135 | 42346 | 47085 | 45189 | 44690 | 46499 | 47416 | 45579 | 28390 | ||
23 | 148436 | 108981 | 102719 | 96813 | 104815 | 91829 | 77895 | 106336 | 86948 | 58513 | ||
24 | 21484 | 2006 | 4495 | 2412 | 1909 | 2212 | 5104 | 1702 | 1580 | 9054 | ||
25 | 186 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
26 | 130080 | 145120 | 136429 | 143718 | 143769 | 105773 | 102151 | 150962 | 92610 | 23052 | ||
27 | 49453 | 107082 | 126616 | 131613 | 116791 | 144363 | 139982 | 120822 | 144384 | 119965 | ||
28 | 206067 | 247976 | 236233 | 227930 | 215464 | 268572 | 267315 | 215277 | 230023 | 200860 | ||
29 | 37587 | 5908 | 7822 | 2878 | 204 | 1386 | 3071 | 133 | 315 | 1645 | ||
30 | 17 | 43 | 32 | 32 | 39 | 11 | 3 | 41 | 3 | 0 | ||
31 | 17491 | 107649 | 119337 | 105099 | 92396 | 114786 | 145654 | 104675 | 152720 | 101876 | ||
32 | 3540 | 21099 | 32599 | 39582 | 23460 | 70216 | 104171 | 26351 | 115379 | 175955 | ||
33 | 98325 | 19043 | 29874 | 32358 | 27524 | 50384 | 46884 | 28507 | 102668 | 167583 | ||
34 | 221686 | 226182 | 188416 | 212098 | 239735 | 163580 | 154365 | 225159 | 132460 | 132566 | ||
35 | 15214 | 6769 | 3878 | 4046 | 6482 | 2097 | 1362 | 6260 | 1291 | 16 | ||
37 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 884 | ||
38 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
39 | 62 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
40 | 65438 | 40014 | 39494 | 36285 | 48298 | 89004 | 109617 | 66368 | 237548 | 515481 | ||
41 | 25166 | 364 | 3349 | 1005 | 3 | 2304 | 5937 | 0 | 2991 | 7498 | ||
47 | 18348 | 39697 | 55697 | 54925 | 41424 | 85862 | 134610 | 42064 | 157828 | 317434 |
Tab. 3
Shift trends of mean center in ecotones under RCP 2.6 scenario (km)
编码 | T0~T1 | T1~T2 | T2~T3 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
偏移距离 | 偏移方向 | 偏移距离 | 偏移方向 | 偏移距离 | 偏移方向 | |||
1 | 575.89 | 东南 | 158.44 | 西 | ||||
2 | 36.46 | 北 | 364.35 | 东南 | ||||
3 | 524.49 | 西北 | 440.09 | 东南 | ||||
4 | 313.37 | 西 | 45.65 | 西北 | 33.72 | 西 | ||
5 | 163.57 | 东北 | 204.43 | 西北 | 80.98 | 东南 | ||
6 | 75.23 | 南 | 111.08 | 西北 | 34.18 | 西南 | ||
7 | 62.35 | 东 | 183.79 | 西北 | ||||
8 | 344.76 | 西 | 9.82 | 东北 | 34.16 | 南 | ||
9 | 65.01 | 北 | 66.15 | 西 | 3.16 | 东北 | ||
10 | 114.76 | 西北 | 102.64 | 西北 | 80.54 | 西北 | ||
11 | 133.99 | 南 | 90.37 | 西北 | 25.27 | 南 | ||
12 | 265.35 | 东北 | 75.64 | 西 | 10.24 | 东 | ||
13 | 221.6 | 西 | 33.91 | 西北 | 23.62 | 西 | ||
14 | 226.46 | 西南 | 72.05 | 西北 | 153.18 | 西北 | ||
15 | 171.44 | 东南 | 110.42 | 西 | 36.23 | 东南 | ||
16 | 2827.93 | 东北 | 251.73 | 西南 | 251.45 | 东北 | ||
17 | 289.66 | 西南 | 134.86 | 西 | 218.66 | 西 | ||
18 | 447.75 | 南 | 64.87 | 西南 | 127.8 | 北 | ||
19 | 119.67 | 东南 | 150.92 | 西南 | 197.31 | 南 | ||
21 | 86.68 | 东南 | 56.18 | 西南 | 97.37 | 西南 | ||
22 | 981.11 | 西南 | 167.08 | 西南 | 30.74 | 东北 | ||
23 | 533.87 | 西南 | 66.24 | 西 | 309.09 | 东北 | ||
24 | 2268.19 | 东北 | 843.93 | 西南 | 1032.88 | 东北 | ||
26 | 54.23 | 西南 | 18.27 | 西 | 9.99 | 东南 | ||
27 | 101.5 | 东北 | 38.75 | 西北 | 167.87 | 东 | ||
28 | 216.51 | 东北 | 101.74 | 东北 | 72.23 | 东北 | ||
29 | 160.22 | 西 | 20.78 | 西 | 46.98 | 北 | ||
30 | 766.46 | 东南 | 13.12 | 南 | 0 | |||
31 | 259.19 | 东南 | 95.16 | 东南 | 44.37 | 西北 | ||
32 | 839.21 | 北 | 415.56 | 东南 | 112.89 | 西北 | ||
33 | 294.23 | 西南 | 48.46 | 西北 | 21.06 | 东南 | ||
34 | 220.07 | 西南 | 52.5 | 北 | 19.88 | 西北 | ||
35 | 378.48 | 东 | 35.47 | 东南 | 9.45 | 东南 | ||
40 | 488.65 | 西北 | 48.12 | 东北 | 381.42 | 南 | ||
41 | 641.45 | 东北 | 216.49 | 东北 | 169.64 | 东北 | ||
47 | 29.03 | 西北 | 61.2 | 北 | 2.36 | 南 |
Tab. 4
Shift trends of mean center in ecotones under RCP 4.5 scenario (km)
编码 | T0~T1 | T1~T2 | T2~T3 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
偏移距离 | 偏移方向 | 偏移距离 | 偏移方向 | 偏移距离 | 偏移方向 | |||
1 | 293.08 | 东 | 123.63 | 南 | ||||
2 | 36.08 | 东北 | 279.36 | 东南 | ||||
3 | 473.97 | 西北 | 494.86 | 东南 | ||||
4 | 320.13 | 西 | 52.11 | 西北 | 57.99 | 西 | ||
5 | 170.54 | 东 | 203.39 | 西北 | 70.2 | 东南 | ||
6 | 87.43 | 南 | 237.81 | 西 | 161.8 | 西北 | ||
7 | 120.74 | 西北 | 104.33 | 南 | ||||
8 | 321.52 | 西 | 28.5 | 北 | 112.16 | 西北 | ||
9 | 64.65 | 北 | 115.89 | 西北 | 71.13 | 西北 | ||
10 | 170.76 | 西北 | 119.2 | 西北 | 33.71 | 西 | ||
11 | 131.38 | 南 | 114.57 | 西北 | 101.63 | 西北 | ||
12 | 268.45 | 东北 | 149.39 | 西 | 95.55 | 西 | ||
13 | 226.55 | 西 | 28.13 | 北 | 54.75 | 西 | ||
14 | 217.42 | 西南 | 248.67 | 西 | 175.08 | 西北 | ||
15 | 213.48 | 东南 | 120.03 | 西北 | 119.29 | 西 | ||
16 | 2827.64 | 东北 | 2225.08 | 西南 | 60.36 | 南 | ||
17 | 384.24 | 西 | 372.57 | 西 | 72.11 | 西南 | ||
18 | 325.97 | 西南 | 234.82 | 南 | 52.36 | 南 | ||
19 | 174.34 | 南 | 432.43 | 西南 | 308.11 | 西南 | ||
20 | 0.28 | 东北 | ||||||
21 | 69.1 | 南 | 377.76 | 西南 | 412.93 | 西南 | ||
22 | 919.58 | 西南 | 332.35 | 西南 | 150.7 | 西南 | ||
23 | 445.81 | 西南 | 260.71 | 西南 | 155.94 | 西南 | ||
24 | 2650.17 | 东北 | 179.94 | 西南 | 1561.57 | 西南 | ||
26 | 63.85 | 西 | 82.43 | 西 | 57.92 | 西南 | ||
27 | 306.92 | 东 | 146.99 | 西北 | 140.7 | 西北 | ||
28 | 320.71 | 东北 | 191.07 | 东北 | 24.79 | 西北 | ||
29 | 153.5 | 西北 | 214.07 | 西 | 103.68 | 西 | ||
30 | 768.54 | 东南 | 19.08 | 北 | 24.07 | 北 | ||
31 | 235.48 | 东南 | 346.37 | 东 | 67.52 | 东南 | ||
32 | 743.09 | 北 | 664.54 | 东南 | 20.01 | 北 | ||
33 | 274.56 | 西南 | 99.58 | 西北 | 89.56 | 西北 | ||
34 | 322.29 | 西南 | 137.42 | 东北 | 76.99 | 东北 | ||
35 | 384.46 | 东 | 105.23 | 东南 | 94.5 | 东南 | ||
40 | 556.84 | 西 | 253.32 | 东北 | 108.94 | 东北 | ||
41 | 1017.64 | 东北 | 58.91 | 东南 | 7.72 | 东北 | ||
47 | 34.71 | 西北 | 136.54 | 东北 | 74.47 | 北 |
Tab. 5
Shift trends of mean center in ecotones under RCP 8.5 scenario (km)
编码 | T0~T1 | T1~T2 | T2~T3 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
偏移距离 | 偏移方向 | 偏移距离 | 偏移方向 | 偏移距离 | 偏移方向 | |||
1 | 122.27 | 东南 | 333.54 | 西 | ||||
2 | 930.5 | 东南 | 285.74 | 东南 | ||||
3 | 297.21 | 东南 | 81.38 | 东 | ||||
4 | 326.75 | 西 | 136.14 | 西北 | 64.26 | 南 | ||
5 | 173.46 | 东 | 246.25 | 东南 | 840.32 | 东南 | ||
6 | 86.9 | 南 | 445.58 | 西北 | 133.04 | 西北 | ||
7 | 295.09 | 东南 | ||||||
8 | 333.53 | 西 | 147.15 | 西北 | 78.14 | 西 | ||
9 | 67.49 | 北 | 185.05 | 西北 | 150.35 | 西北 | ||
10 | 189.19 | 西北 | 76.72 | 西 | 74.34 | 南 | ||
11 | 137.95 | 南 | 239.1 | 西北 | 265.65 | 西北 | ||
12 | 280.61 | 东北 | 257.8 | 西 | 290.64 | 西 | ||
13 | 224.04 | 西 | 79.49 | 西南 | 50.82 | 西北 | ||
14 | 259.6 | 西南 | 386.82 | 西北 | 113.5 | 西北 | ||
15 | 196.98 | 东南 | 202.81 | 西北 | 299.93 | 西北 | ||
16 | 2827.64 | 东北 | 2282.75 | 西南 | 206.86 | 南 | ||
17 | 479.18 | 西 | 346.49 | 西南 | 49.96 | 西 | ||
18 | 326.78 | 西南 | 349.86 | 南 | 428.34 | 西南 | ||
19 | 231.84 | 南 | 727.43 | 西南 | 656.35 | 西 | ||
20 | 1.12 | 南 | ||||||
21 | 100.83 | 南 | 1140.32 | 西南 | 89.01 | 西北 | ||
22 | 956.6 | 西南 | 508.54 | 西南 | 719.47 | 西南 | ||
23 | 389.8 | 西南 | 791.86 | 西南 | 1331.83 | 西南 | ||
24 | 2649.15 | 东北 | 744.07 | 西南 | 1838.76 | 西南 | ||
26 | 64.76 | 西 | 206.18 | 西 | 427.11 | 西 | ||
27 | 289.31 | 东北 | 278.89 | 西北 | 378.4 | 西 | ||
28 | 364.48 | 东北 | 312.33 | 东北 | 176.63 | 北 | ||
29 | 153.47 | 西北 | 267.16 | 西 | 138.46 | 北 | ||
30 | 767.04 | 东南 | 39.75 | 北 | ||||
31 | 260.29 | 东南 | 388.81 | 东 | 189.04 | 东 | ||
32 | 720.01 | 北 | 631 | 东南 | 250.86 | 西北 | ||
33 | 280.88 | 西南 | 215.3 | 西北 | 137.05 | 北 | ||
34 | 349.58 | 西南 | 165.45 | 北 | 953.92 | 东北 | ||
35 | 401.18 | 东 | 232.65 | 东南 | 202.82 | 东南 | ||
40 | 510.16 | 西 | 418.01 | 东北 | 128.65 | 东北 | ||
41 | 13.76 | 西北 | ||||||
47 | 36.96 | 西北 | 233.08 | 东北 | 102.5 | 北 |
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