基于农户利用效率的平原和山区耕地利用形态比较

doi:10.11821/dlxb202102016

Abstract

Abstract:

Land use morphology is the core content of land use transition research. Farmers' land use decision is a deep factor that causes the change of land use system and land use transition. At present, scholars have carried out a series of theoretical and empirical studies on the morphology of farmland use from multiple perspectives, but there are few studies concerning the recessive morphology and its forming mechanism of farmland use from the perspective of farmer household. In order to reveal the differences of recessive morphology of farmers' farmland use and their influencing factors, this paper measured the farmland use efficiency from the perspectives of farmland use efficiency, labor changes and agricultural production decision-making of farmer household based on the survey data of farmer households in Shouguang and Yiyuan, and probed the driving mechanism of farmland use efficiency of farmer household by constructing a structural equation model. The results show that the farmland use efficiency of Shouguang and Yiyuan is low, and there are differences in geomorphological type and farmer type. The efficiency of farmland use in the plain area is slightly higher than that in the mountainous area, and the farmland use efficiency of elderly farmers is lower than that of young farmers. In terms of impact path, farmers' management scale and production factor input as well as farmland output can directly affect farmland use efficiency, while the planting structure has no significant influence on farmland use efficiency.

Key words: farmland use efficiency, farmer, land use transition, recessive morphology, plain area, mountainous area

LIAO Liuwen, GAO Xiaolu, LONG Hualou, TANG Lisha, CHEN Kunqiu, MA Enpu. A comparative study of farmland use morphology in plain and mountainous areas based on farmers' land use efficiency[J].Acta Geographica Sinica, 2021, 76(2): 471-486.

Figures/Tables 9

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Tab. 1

Basic characteristics of the samples

变量名称			变量说明及样本占比(%)
个人属性		年龄	44岁及以下(P:19.35; M:6.36);45~59岁(P:55.38; M:48.18);60岁及以上(P:25.27; M:45.45)
		性别	男(P:65.59; M:56.36);女(P:34.41; M:43.64)
		文化程度	小学及以下(P:27.42; M:68.18);初中(P:53.23; M:24.55);高中(中专)(P:18.82; M:6.36);大专及以上(P:0.53; M:0.91)
		健康程度	健康(P:74.73; M:44.55);一般(P:16.67; M:30.00);较差(P:8.60; M:25.45)
		务农年限	10年及以下(P:25.81; M:23.64);11~20年(P:31.18; M:12.73);21~30年(P:27.42; M:16.36);31年以上(P:15.59; M:47.27)
家庭农业劳动力状况		农业劳动力数量	家庭农业劳动力数量：1~2人(P:82.80; M:94.55);3~4人(P:16.67; M:5.45);4人以上(P:0.53; M:0)
		农业劳动力质量	家庭健康农业劳动力占比：0(P:20.97; M:60.00);(0, 1)(P:13.98; M:13.64);1(P:65.05; M:26.36)
		农业劳动力结构	老年农业劳动力占比：0(P:72.04; M:50.91);(0, 1)(P:12.90; M:8.18);1(P:15.05; M:40.91)
农业生产特征	耕地经营规模	家庭实际耕作面积	2亩及以下(P:13.44; M:24.55);(2, 6]亩(P:54.30; M:56.36);(6, 10]亩(P:21.51; M:16.36);10亩以上(P:10.75; M:2.73)
		转入耕地面积	0亩(P:55.38; M:79.09);(0, 4]亩(P:29.57; M:17.27);(4, 8]亩(P:9.68; M:2.73);8亩以上(P:5.37; M:0.91)
		转出耕地面积	0亩(P:84.95; M:90.00);(0, 4]亩(P:13.44; M:9.09);(4, 8]亩(P:1.61; M:0.91)
		撂荒耕地面积	0亩(P:98.92; M:86.36);(0, 1]亩(P:0.54; M:9.09);(1, 3]亩(P:0.54; M:2.73);3亩以上(P:0; M:1.82)
	农业收支情况	农业收入	≤ 1万(P:2.69; M:34.55);(1, 3]万(P:9.68; M:44.55);(3, 5]万(P:9.14; M:11.82);(5, 7]万(P:7.53; M:4.55);(7, 9]万(P:11.83; M:3.64);>9万(P:59.13; M:0.91)
		经济作物产值变化	减少(P:8.06; M:12.73);基本没变(P:29.03; M:44.55);增加(P:62.90; M:42.73)
		粮食作物产值变化	减少(P:12.37; M:40.91);基本没变(P:84.95; M:59.09);增加(P:2.69; M:0)
		农业支出	≤ 1万(P:13.98; M:67.27);(1, 3]万(P:41.40; M:28.18);(3, 5]万(P:22.04; M:4.55);(5, 7]万(P:9.68; M:0);(7, 9]万(P:5.91; M:0);>9万(P:6.99; M:0)
	种植结构变化	经济作物面积变化	减少(P:7.53; M:10.00);基本没变(P:56.99; M:51.82);增加(P:35.48; M:38.18)
	种植结构变化	粮食作物面积变化	减少(P:13.44; M:40.91);基本没变(P:86.56; M:59.09);增加(P:0; M:0)
	耕地条件	灌溉条件	滴灌(P:60.75; M:0);喷灌(P:10.22; M:7.27);漫灌(P:25.81; M:62.73);其他(P:3.23; M:30.00)
		耕地肥力状况	好(P:65.05; M:33.64);一般(P:33.87; M:52.73);坏(P:1.08; M:13.64)
		主要耕作方式	人工耕种(P:9.68; M:76.36);半机械化耕种(P:87.10; M:21.82);机械化耕种(P:3.23; M:1.82)

Tab. 1

Fig. 3

Tab. 2

Tab. 3

Fig. 4

Tab. 4

Tab. 5

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类型	低效率	较低效率	中等效率	较高效率	高效率
类型	(0, 0.10]	(0.10, 0.30]	(0.30, 0.50]	(0.50, 0.70]	(0.70, 1]
寿光市	8.70	51.09	33.15	4.89	2.17
年轻农户	8.33	61.11	22.22	5.56	2.78
中年农户	6.86	45.10	41.18	5.88	0.98
老年农户	13.04	56.52	23.91	2.17	4.35
沂源县	49.09	41.82	7.27	0.91	0.91
年轻农户	62.50	12.50	25.00	0.00	0.00
中年农户	49.06	41.51	5.66	1.89	1.89
老年农户	46.00	46.00	8.00	0.00	0.00

类型	耕作面积(亩)	农业资金投入(万元)	农业产出(万元)	农业劳动力(人)	耕地利用效率
寿光市	5.98	3.97	11.75	2.23	0.29
年轻农户	7.98	5.22	14.31	2.58	0.27
中年农户	5.89	4.26	12.43	2.05	0.30
老年农户	4.61	2.37	8.23	2.37	0.26
沂源县	4.31	1.19	2.40	2.02	0.13
年轻农户	4.16	1.36	1.79	2.14	0.10
中年农户	5.08	1.37	2.74	2.00	0.14
老年农户	0.22	0.15	0.17	0.18	0.01

作用路径	非标准化估计值	标准化估计值	S.E.	C.R.	P
经营规模→耕地利用效率	-0.480	-0.495	0.272	-1.763	^*
耕地投入→耕地利用效率	-0.249	-0.257	0.076	-3.289	^***
耕地产出→耕地利用效率	1.381	1.425	0.309	4.469	^***
种植结构→耕地利用效率	-0.025	-0.025	0.043	-0.575	0.565
经营规模→a₁	0.861	0.863	0.047	18.255	^***
经营规模→a₂	0.943	0.945	0.045	21.089	^***
经营规模→a₃	-0.091	-0.096	0.057	-1.603	0.109
经营规模→a₄	-0.067	-0.053	0.077	-0.875	0.381
经营规模→a₁₁	0.219	0.217	0.056	3.930	^***
耕地投入→a₅	0.875	0.877	0.080	10.992	^***
耕地投入→a₆	0.134	0.134	0.066	2.025	^**
耕地投入→a₇	0.244	0.246	0.063	3.854	^***
耕地投入→a₈	-0.325	-0.326	0.064	-5.090	^***
耕地投入→a₁₀	0.209	0.209	0.077	2.713	^***
耕地投入→a₁₂	0.168	0.167	0.063	2.658	^***
耕地产出→a₉	0.980	0.981	0.051	19.167	^***
耕地产出→a₁₀	-0.015	-0.015	0.077	-0.194	0.846
种植结构→a₄	0.165	0.129	0.076	2.164	^**
种植结构→a₁₁	-0.946	-0.936	0.091	-10.386	^***
种植结构→a₁₂	0.281	0.278	0.060	4.644	^***
a₇→a₄	-0.164	-0.128	0.074	-2.227	^**

作用路径	Estimate	S.E.	C.R.	P
规模←→投入	0.647	0.061	10.631	^***
产出←→投入	0.605	0.063	9.654	^***
产出←→规模	0.863	0.031	27.529	^***
产出←→结构	0.094	0.031	3.012	^**

A comparative study of farmland use morphology in plain and mountainous areas based on farmers' land use efficiency

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