三峡水库175 m蓄水后库尾河段减淤调度控制指标研究

doi:10.11821/dlxb202101009

Abstract

Abstract:

Chongqing reach is located in the fluctuating backwater zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR). Sediment deposition and erosion of Chongqing reach is related to flood control, shipping and wharf operation. It has become one of the key problems the TGR faces. In this paper, based on the prototype observation data, the sediment scouring and silting law of Chongqing reach before and after the 175 m experimental impoundment of the TGR was investigated for the first time. In addition, combined with the analysis of river bed composition and the one-dimensional mathematical model, the scouring conditions of suspended sediment in Chongqing reach were calculated and analyzed. Furthermore, the basic conditions of sediment transport in the study reach were applied to the practice of sediment reduction of the TGR. The following conclusions can be drawn as follows: (1) From 2008 to 2012, when the water storage level of TGR reached 175 m, the erosion intensity of the river bed in Chongqing reach started to decline, and the main souring period of suspended load was postponed from the water-impoundment stage to the pre-flood stage. After 2013, Xiluodu and Xiangjiaba hydropower stations in the lower reaches of Jinsha River was completed and put into operation. The sediment of Jinsha River was intercepted and the sediment entering the Three Gorges was greatly reduced, which led to another increase of the river bed scouring intensity of Chongqing reach. (2) When the inflow in front of the Three Gorges Dam (TGD) is greater than 4000 m ³/s and the water level is lower than 167 m, the suspended load on the river bed in Chongqing reach begins to scour. When the inflow exceeds 5000 m ³/s, the water level in front of the TGD drops to 163 m, and the scouring intensity of suspended load increases obviously. Increasing the drawdown rate of water level from 163 m before the TGD to 30 cm per day can avoid the cumulative sedimentation in the Chongqing reach.

Key words: Chongqing reach, main souring period of suspended load, scouring conditions of suspended sediment, optimized operation for deposition reduction

ZHU Lingling, GE Hua, DONG Bingjiang, YANG Chenggang. Control index of sediment reduction dispatching in Chongqing reach after the storage level of TGR reaching 175 m[J].Acta Geographica Sinica, 2021, 76(1): 114-126.

Figures/Tables 14

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References 20

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年份	时段(月)	寸滩站		坝前水位(m)	水面比降
年份	时段(月)	流量 (m³/s)	断面平均流速(m/s)	坝前水位(m)	长江干流 (朝天门以上)(‰)	< 0.25‰ 历时(d)	长江干流 (朝天门以下)(‰)	< 0.15‰ 历时(d)	嘉陵江段(‰)	< 0.15‰ 历时(d)
2007	1―5	3910	1.76	151.74	0.313	0	0.145	98	0.236	13
	6―9	18800	2.39	144.67	0.224	74	0.154	50	0.085	91
	10―12	7900	2.08	154.69	0.286	15	0.132	88	0.170	30
2012	1―5	4860	0.792	166.08	0.109	132	0.030	152	0.053	133
	6―9	23300	2.53	154.53	0.203	90	0.138	92	0.060	107
	10―12	8400	0.806	173.80	0.029	92	0.015	92	0	92

时期	消落期			汛期			蓄水期
时期	长江干流	嘉陵江	全河段	长江干流	嘉陵江	全河段	长江干流	嘉陵江	全河段
2003年				294	75.6	370	108	-135	-27.0
2004年	-541	-23.4	-564	658	66.3	725	-527	-143	-670
2005年	-95.3	42.9	-52.4	407	153	560	-555	-258	-812
2006年	-63.8	40.7	-23.1	116	-68.8	47.5	-26.9	13.1	-13.8
2007年	-120	36.1	-84.0	19.1	-67.2	-48.1	49.9	-27.3	22.6
2008年	185	24.1	209	224	57.6	281	-62.0	-66.8	-129
2009年	-107	-18.2	-125	-17.3	57.0	39.7	-5.50	-72.2	-77.7
2010年	86.5	94.3	181	114	-154	-40.4	65.8	139	205
2011年	-198	-65.9	-264	0.800	16.8	17.6	66.3	19.4	85.7
2012年	-230	-72.6	-302	198	91.8	289	-127	18.9	-108
2013年	-273	-57.0	-330	-86.1	-53.8	-140	-185	8.1	-177
2014年	-232	-78.0	-310	148	-3.3	145	-328	-7.00	-335
2015年	-198	-53.7	-251	192	84.6	277	-162	-46.6	-209
2016年	46.4	-43.8	2.6	-132	-1.4	-133	11.4	22.6	34.0
2017年	-87.0	-17.0	-104	-90.0	29.0	-62.0	40.0	-10.0	30.0
2003年5月―2008年9月 (三峡水库初期运行期)	-635	120	-515	1720	216	1940	-951	-550	-1500
2008年9月―2017年12月 (三峡水库试验性蓄水期)	-1190	-312	-1500	328	66	393	-685	5.7	-679
2012年10月―2017年12月(金沙江下游梯级电站运行后)	-742	-250	-992	33	55	87	-623	-33	-656

年份	三峡水库坝前167 m水位以下						三峡水库坝前163 m水位以下						泥沙冲淤量 (万t)
年份	消落期历时 (d)	日均消落幅度(m)	平均流量 (m³/s)	最小流量 (m³/s)	平均含沙量 (kg/m³)	< 4000 m³/s 持续时间(d)	消落期历时 (d)	日均消落幅度(m)	平均流量 (m³/s)	最小流量 (m³/s)	平均含沙量 (kg/m³)	< 4000 m³/s 持续时间(d)	泥沙冲淤量 (万t)
2009	110	0.19	5250	3220	0.068	38	93	0.18	5510	3220	0.072	21	-125
2010	147	0.15	5190	2770	0.112	82	125	0.14	5640	2780	0.119	61	181
2011	109	0.20	5420	3870	0.071	2	76	0.23	5880	4030	0.078	0	-264
2012	102	0.21	6360	3750	0.121	17	43	0.40	9330	5180	0.160	0	-302
2013	124	0.18	6020	3600	0.125	23	62	0.29	7630	4100	0.167	0	-330
2014	131	0.16	6180	3360	0.083	6	50	0.34	7640	5240	0.146	0	-310
2015	105	0.21	6810	4530	0.042	0	54	0.32	7400	5860	0.048	0	-251
2016	111	0.19	8310	4580	0.243	0	73	0.18	12300	6310	0.252	0	2.6
2017	102	0.21	7030	4110	0.036	0	68	0.26	7810	4110	0.042	0	-104

起止时间	三峡坝前水位(m)		水位消落幅度(m)	水位日均消落幅度(m/d)	寸滩站平均流量(m³/s)	冲刷量 (10⁴m³)
起止时间	调度前	调度后	水位消落幅度(m)	水位日均消落幅度(m/d)	寸滩站平均流量(m³/s)	冲刷量 (10⁴m³)
2009.04.11—05.11	159.80	156.05	3.75	0.13	5590	48.3
2009.05.11—06.11	156.05	146.26	9.79	0.33	7460	-22.0
2010.05.11—05.25	156.18	151.81	4.37	0.29	7860	45.8
2011.04.22—05.18	158.56	154.53	4.03	0.16	5310	76.3
2012.05.07—05.24 (减淤调度期)	161.92	154.05	7.87	0.46	7570	-101
2013.05.13—05.20 (减淤调度期)	160.17	156.12	4.05	0.58	6320	-33.3

Control index of sediment reduction dispatching in Chongqing reach after the storage level of TGR reaching 175 m

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