清末以来洞庭湖区通江湖泊的时空演变

doi:10.11821/dlxb202011006

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to analyze the spatio-temporal evolutions of Dongting Lake in modern times, this paper investigated the temporal changes of the riparian lake areas in Dongting Lake area since the late Qing Dynasty using various historical maps and remote sensing data since 1896 AD (the 22nd year during the Emperor Guangxu's reign in the Qing Dynasty). The remote sensing data interpretation, statistical analysis and historical comparison methods were used to test the accuracy of the remote sensing based lake areas with the observation data from the Ministry of Water Resources of China. The results showed that the overall error rate was only 0.62%, and after 1896, the riparian lake areas in Dongting Lake decreased from 5126.37 km² to 2702.74 km², with an annual atrophy rate of 48.19%. The 53 years before the founding of the People's Republic of China was a period of obvious lake shrinkage, with an annual average decrease of 15.66 km². The 1950s was a period of rapid atrophy (134.33 km² per year), and the 1960-1970s was a period of rapid shrinkage, with an annual rate of 21.66 km². The riparian lake areas in Dongting Lake only reduced by 5.10 km² since the 1980s. In terms of the areas for each lake, the East Dongting Lake was the lake with the largest shrinkage (922.60 km²) since 1935, followed by the Muping Lake (a decrease of 588.05 km²), and the South Dongting Lake (decrease of 448.37 km²). The change in areas of Qili Lake was relatively small in recent decades. The areas of Dongting Lake increased by 10.50 km² during 1998-2002 due to the implementation of returning farmland to lake. In general, the evolution of riparian lakes in Dongting Lake area since the late Qing Dynasty was characterized by the closure and separation of Datong Lake, the replacement of the embankments for the South Dongting Lake, the local remains of the West Dongting Lake, the three-sided enclosure of East Dongting Lake and the limited operation of returning farmland to lake after the catastrophic flood in 1998. This study may provide data and technical support for the ecological restoration and environmental protection strategy of the Yangtze River Basin.

Key words: the late Qing Dynasty, historical maps, remote sensing technology, Dongting Lake Area, riparian lake, spatio-temporal evolution

YU Shuchen, WANG Lunche, XIA Weiping, YU Deqing, LI Chang'an, HE Qiuhua. Spatio-temporal evolution of riparian lakes in Dongting Lake area since the late Qing Dynasty[J].Acta Geographica Sinica, 2020, 75(11): 2346-2361.

Figures/Tables 11

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References 28

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获取时间	信息源类型	空间分辨率/比例尺	获取时间	信息源类型	空间分辨率/比例尺
1896年	洞庭湖全图	约1∶500000	1987年12月	Landsat-5 TM	30 m
1911年	洞庭湖堤垸图	1∶320 000	1998年1月	Landsat-5 TM	30 m
1935年	地形图	1∶50 000	1999年1月	Landsat-5 ETM	15 m
1949年	洞庭湖堤垸图	1∶32 000	2000年1月	Landsat-7 ETM	15 m
1954年11—12月	航片+地形图	5 m/1∶50000	2002年9月	Landsat-7 ETM	15 m
1968年10月	KH-4B	1.8 m	2007年12月	CBERS-1	19.5 m
1973年1月	Landsat-1 MSS	79 m	2014年10-12月	航片+地形图	0.2 m/1∶2000
1978年10月	Landsat-3 MSS	79 m	2019年1月	Landsat-8 OLI	15 m
1983年12月	Landsat-4 TM	30 m

时间	东洞庭湖	南洞庭湖	目平湖	七里湖	合计
1896年					5216.37
1911年					4932.86
1935年	2130.02	1349.66	1015.92	67.51	4563.11
1949年	2057.12	1297.20	973.31	64.84	4392.47
1954年11—12月	1754.17	1174.5	915.24	92.22	3936.13
1958年					3141.00
1968年10月	1494.49	931.18	524.09	80.04	3029.80
1973年12月	1441.74	911.74	428.32	68.42	2850.22
1978年12月	1307.42	911.74	420.24	68.42	2707.84
1983年12月	1307.42	900.05	419.77	66.40	2693.40
1987年12月	1307.18	900.05	419.77	66.40	2693.40
1998年01月	1307.18	898.89	419.77	66.40	2692.24
1999年01月	1307.18	898.89	427.81	66.40	2700.28
2000年01月	1307.18	899.97	427.87	66.40	2701.42
2002年09月	1307.18	901.29	427.87	66.40	2702.74
2007年12月	1307.18	901.29	427.87	66.40	2702.74
2014年12月	1307.18	901.29	427.87	66.40	2702.74
2019年01月	1307.18	901.29	427.87	66.40	2702.74

年份	水利部门公布数据(km²)	监测数据(km²)	面积差值(km²)	差值百分比(%)
1896年	5400.00	5216.37	-183.63	-3.40
1949年	4350.00	4392.47	42.47	0.98
1954年	3915.00	3936.13	21.13	0.54
1978年	2691.00	2707.84	16.84	0.63
1995年	2623.00	未监测	—	—
2002年	2620.00	2622.73	2.73	0.10
2014年	2620.00	2622.73	2.73	0.10

Spatio-temporal evolution of riparian lakes in Dongting Lake area since the late Qing Dynasty

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