大兴安岭多年冻土区森林土壤温室气体通量

doi:10.11821/dlxb202011004

Abstract

Abstract:

Greenhouse gases from permafrost have a significant impact on global climate change. The in situ static dark chamber and gas chromatography techniques were used to monitor the fluxes of carbon dioxide (CO₂), methane (CH₄), and nitrous dioxide (N₂O) from the typical forest soils of Larix gmelini, Pinus sylvestris, and Betula platyphylla in the permafrost regions of the Greater Hinggan Mountains. The experiment was conducted during the growing season (May to September) of 2016 and 2017. The dynamic characteristics of greenhouse gas fluxes and the controlling factors were comparatively analyzed. The results showed that soil CO₂, CH₄, and N₂O fluxes of the three forest types were 65.88-883.59 mg·m^-2·h^-1, -93.29--2.82 μg·m^-2·h^-1, and -5.31-45.22 μg·m^-2·h^-1, respectively. The soils from the three typical forests were all sources for CO₂ and N₂O, and sink for CH₄ during the entire observation period. Soil CO₂ and CH₄ fluxes changed significantly among different forest types and between the two observation periods. The soil CO₂ fluxes of the three forest types were mainly controlled by soil temperature and were found to have a significantly positive correlation with the soil temperature at 5, 10, and 15 cm (P < 0.01). The soil CH₄ fluxes were affected by soil water content and soil temperature. The correlations were significant in the soils at 10 and 15 cm (P < 0.05). Moreover, the air temperature controlled and regulated soil N₂O fluxes. The soil N₂O fluxes in the Betula platyphylla forest showed a significantly negative correlation with the soil temperature at 15 cm (P < 0.05). The emission rate of soil CO₂ and N₂O accelerated with increasing temperature, while the absorption rate of CH₄ decreased, enhancing the atmospheric greenhouse effect. The global warming potential of greenhouse gases was calculated based on the 100-year time scale, where the soil greenhouse gases of the three forest types exhibited a positive feedback on climate warming.

Key words: greenhouse gas, permafrost, forest soils, global warming potential, Greater Hinggan Mountains

WU Xiangwen, ZANG Shuying, MA Dalong, REN Jianhua, LI Hao, ZHAO Guangying. Greenhouse gas fluxes from forest soil in permafrost regions of Greater Hinggan Mountains, Northeast China[J].Acta Geographica Sinica, 2020, 75(11): 2319-2331.

Figures/Tables 9

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林型	年份	pH	容重 (g·cm^-3)	硝态氮 (mg·kg^-1)	铵态氮 (mg·kg^-1)	有机碳 (g·kg^-1)	全氮 (g·kg^-1)
兴安落叶松林	2016	5.50±0.11Aa	1.01±0.08Aa	2.65±1.01Aa	5.31±0.75Ba	47.47±1.77Aa	3.78±0.63Aa
兴安落叶松林	2017	5.79±0.12Aa	1.00±0.09Aa	1.09±0.31Ab	3.23±0.50Bb	51.38±1.54Aa	2.66±0.49Aa
樟子松林	2016	5.58±0.13Aa	1.04±0.05Aa	2.10±0.34Aa	6.10±1.07Ba	42.77±1.83Aa	3.60±0.03Aa
樟子松林	2017	5.52±0.16Aa	1.05±0.07Aa	1.10±0.46Aa	4.27±0.63Bb	46.69±1.65Aa	2.27±0.18Aa
白桦林	2016	4.70±0.09Ba	0.72±0.04Ba	2.94±0.89Aa	9.07±1.64Aa	44.28±2.05Aa	4.49±0.67Aa
白桦林	2017	4.58±0.10Ba	0.69±0.05Ba	1.60±0.49Ab	6.80±1.34Ab	46.26±1.46Aa	2.47±0.22Ab

林型	年份	CO₂通量 (mg·m^-2·h^-1)	CH₄通量 (μg·m^-2·h^-1)	N₂O通量 (μg·m^-2·h^-1)
兴安落叶松林	2016	329.96±25.46Aa	-33.84±5.43Ba	14.23±2.92Aa
兴安落叶松林	2017	361.53±24.78Aa	-23.38±3.66Bb	15.19±2.24Aa
樟子松林	2016	345.09±27.35Ab	-37.99±4.78Ba	15.98±3.08Aa
樟子松林	2017	402.75±23.93Aa	-27.63±5.87Ab	18.11±3.36Aa
白桦林	2016	299.19±21.47Aa	-47.84±5.44Aa	13.54±2.75Aa
白桦林	2017	315.59±22.19Ba	-33.55±5.85Ab	13.80±2.79Aa

月份	平均气温(°C)		降水量(mm)		日降水量> 0.1 mm天数(d)		占年降水量比例(%)
月份	2016年	2017年	2016年	2017年	2016年	2017年	2016年	2017年
5	9.7	9.0	39.8	56.5	7	17	78.82	91.95
6	14.0	16.8	113.4	18.8	15	8
7	18.1	18.7	119.5	94.2	17	17
8	14.4	16.2	58.2	182.6	16	24
9	10.4	8.3	37.5	32.6	15	10

林型	年份	温室气体	土壤含水量	气温	土壤温度
林型	年份	温室气体	土壤含水量	气温	5 cm	10 cm	15 cm
兴安落叶松林	2016	CO₂	-0.409	0.425	0.849^**	0.874^**	0.815^**
		CH₄	0.254	-0.199	-0.311	-0.358	-0.243
		N₂O	-0.015	0.551^**	0.275	0.116	-0.230
	2017	CO₂	-0.057	0.527^*	0.862^**	0.877^**	0.855^**
		CH₄	0.364	-0.577^**	-0.581^*	-0.569^**	-0.470^*
		N₂O	-0.142	0.570^**	0.332	0.267	0.139
樟子松林	2016	CO₂	-0.017	0.251	0.813^**	0.827^**	0.800^**
		CH₄	0.194	-0.324	-0.402	-0.398	-0.385
		N₂O	-0.131	0.403	0.021	-0.066	-0.175
	2017	CO₂	-0.099	0.418	0.891^**	0.890^**	0.787^**
		CH₄	0.599^*	-0.446^*	-0.287	-0.261	-0.317
		N₂O	0.020	0.531^*	0.223	0.148	-0.009
白桦林	2016	CO₂	-0.413	0.163	0.856^**	0.855^**	0.827^**
		CH₄	0.425	-0.297	-0.658^*	-0.592^**	-0.477^*
		N₂O	0.068	0.423	-0.281	-0.352	-0.411
	2017	CO₂	-0.382	0.365	0.828^**	0.839^**	0.780^**
		CH₄	0.556^*	-0.550^*	-0.644^**	-0.617^**	-0.540^*
		N₂O	0.259	0.207	-0.294	-0.348	-0.511^*

林型	CO₂		CH₄		N₂O		综合增温潜势
林型	2016年	2017年	2016年	2017年	2016年	2017年	2016年	2017年
兴安落叶松林	11.767	13.089	-0.030	-0.022	0.157	0.168	11.894	13.235
樟子松林	12.464	14.577	-0.034	-0.025	0.175	0.201	12.605	14.753
白桦林	10.687	11.303	-0.043	-0.031	0.150	0.153	10.794	11.425

Greenhouse gas fluxes from forest soil in permafrost regions of Greater Hinggan Mountains, Northeast China

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冻土类型	样地纬度	植被类型	CO₂通量(mg·m^-2·h^-1)	CH₄通量(μg·m^-2·h^-1)	N₂O通量 (μg·m^-2·h^-1)	数据来源文献
多年冻土	亚北极67°03′N	苔原	152.01	5.00	19.17	[39]
	阿拉斯加65°10′N	黑云杉	90.00±42.00	-52.00±15.00	0.20±0.30	[40]
	东西伯利亚62°09′N	泰加林	367.02		1.33	[41]
	大兴安岭52°94′N	泥炭地			2.27	[24]
	巴音布鲁克42°53′N	高寒草甸	76.70±23.10	-54.20±6.90	20.40±4.20	[42]
	海北州37°37′N	高寒草甸			4.80	[43]
季节冻土	德国48°17′N	挪威云杉		-14.20±1.30		[44]
	伊春48°11′N	落叶松沼泽	537.40		15.33	[29]
	奥地利47°42′N	山毛榉林	128.00±13.00	-40.00±2.30	5.72±1.38	[32]
	长白山42°24′N	针阔混交林	172.40±43.88	-15.00±30.00	70.00±10.00	[45]
	北京东灵山40°01′N	油松	182.00	-79.00	50.00	[19]
	神农架31°36′N	马尾松	107.03±12.11	-14.10±3.38		[14]

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