西安曲江新区移民群体的地方意义建构与检验

doi:10.11821/dlxb202008015

Abstract

Abstract:

In such an era of great transition, the migrants in China are on the horns of a dilemma — they cannot integrate into the cities, while the home villages are no longer their warm harbors. To help them acclimatize to the places of migration, constructing migrants' place meaning is a feasible solution, which therefore is a fundamental and urgent topic in the field of place research from the mobility perspective. One construction that researchers have used to understanding the human-environment connections is place meaning, which however has not been clearly defined and accurately measured in the previous studies. By employing the Q method and scale development, Study 1 investigates the dynamic nature of place meanings from the migrant's perspective, and develops a theoretical framework to explain the construction of place meanings. Through data analyses we identify four dimensions of the place meaning-self-identity, the interaction between migrants and others, the interaction between migrants and physical attributes, and synthetic interactions among migrants, others and physical environments. These interactions exist in a geographical framework consisting of nature, social relationship, and values. Study 2 designs a measuring scale of place meaning, which contains four dimensions with 20 items. Through the Exploratory Factor Analysis and Confirmatory Factor Analysis, the results verify that the theoretical model of place meaning is valid and acceptable. In addition, this paper also leads to a discussion on the nature, the identification and the characteristics of the migrants' place meaning. This study has enriched and improved the concepts of place and place meaning and their system structures, which have partially responded to the theoretical and practical needs to extend the research on migration and human-environment connections.

Key words: place meaning, Xi'an Qujiang New District, migrants, theory construction, theory examination

HU Xianyang, BAI Kai, HUA Feifei, WANG Lijian. The construction and examination of migrants' place meaning in Xi'an Qujiang New District[J].Acta Geographica Sinica, 2020, 75(8): 1773-1789.

Figures/Tables 12

Tab. 1

Definitions of place meaning as identified in previous research"

地方意义	定义	作者
地方认同/认同表达	对环境的认知关联,可理解为自我认同的子结构	Proshansky, 1978; Davenport et al. 2010
地方依赖	达到特定目标所需的环境功能	Stokols, Shumaker, 1981
情感依附	与环境相互作用形成的地方情感纽带	Milligan, 1998; Jorgensen, Stedman, 2001
社会纽带/经验分享	通过在地经历形成的社会纽带	Mesch, Manor, 1998; Bricker, Kerstetter, 2002
独处	特定环境中独处的能力	Williams et al. 1992
隐居、内省和反思	环境中“陷入沉思”与“反思问题”的能力	Manzo, 2005
熟悉感与文化传统	与家或文化传统相关的特定意涵	Young, 1999; Gunderson, Watson, 2007
社区认同	与当地文化、族群性格及身份相关的信念	Smith et al. 2011, 2012
美学要素/风景吸引力	与美景相关的理想信念	Williams et al. 1992; Young, 1999
原生态	景观的原生态	Young,1999; Gunderson,Watson, 2007
环境的物理属性	环境中独特的植物群落、动物群落、溪流等物理属性	Gunderson,Watson, 2007
非惯常环境	与工作或日常环境相异的优美的开敞空间	Manzo, 2005; Gunderson,Watson, 2007
生态完整性	对资源功能在保护社区开放空间和生态系统健康有序等方面的观念与认知	Smith et al. 2011, 2012
娱乐享受	在环境中参与娱乐活动的兴奋	Bricker, Kerstetter, 2002
自我效能	指个体在特定的环境下对自己完成某一行为的意义感知	Smith et al. 2011, 2012
探索	探索某一特定环境的经历	Manzo, 2005
工作/经济	资源对区域经济健康贡献度的理解	Gunderson, Watson, 2007; Smith et al. 2011, 2012
家族认同	家族传承的意义认同	Wynveen et al. 2010; Smith et al. 2011, 2012
可及性	人们进入环境和/或环境临近个人家庭的感知	Manzo, 2005; Gunderson,Watson, 2007
认知和评价	地方意义体系涉及地方特色、精神性、群体联系、情感与体验以及历史文化	高艳, 赵振斌, 2016
环境对人的价值和重要性	个人情感、地方适应、地方特色、社会联系、历史文化联系、个人价值与成就、宗教与信仰	赵振斌, 褚玉杰, 郝亭, 等, 2015
主体感知与认知	象征意义、思想感受、态度和价值	梁增贤, 保继刚, 2015
体验与互动	产生于人们在地方之中的体验,以及人们在地方之中与他人的社会关系和互动	蔡晓梅, 朱竑, 2012

Tab. 1

Tab. 2

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Tab. 3

Tab. 4

Tab. 5

Tab. 6

Fig. 3

Tab. 7

Tab. 8

Tab. 9

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序号	载荷	受访者信息	序号	载荷	受访者信息
8	0.583	女,36~50岁,本科,4,四川南充	1	0.544	女,21~35岁,本科,0.5,西安莲湖
10	0.762	女,21~35岁,本科,0.5,西安长安	2	0.693	男,21~35岁,本科,1.5,陕西咸阳
14	0.492	男,51~65岁,初中,4,陕西渭南	3	0.454	男,65岁以上,小学,10,陕西铜川
16	0.643	男,51~65岁,初中,7,西安临潼	7	0.529	男,21~35岁,中专,2,陕西宝鸡
18	0.758	女,65岁以上,初中,7,陕西延安	9	0.645	女,21~35岁,本科,2,西安灞桥
4	0.488	男,36~50岁,高中,5,陕西延安	15	0.722	女,21~35岁,大专,2,甘肃张掖
5	0.467	女,21~35岁,本科,1,陕西咸阳	6	0.818	女,21~35岁,中专,1,西安莲湖
11	0.753	男,21~35岁,本科,3,陕西延安	13	0.662	女,51~65岁,初中,3,西安临潼
12	0.559	男,36~50岁,大专,4,陕西榆林	19	0.591	女,51~65岁,高中,2,陕西渭南
17	0.884	女,36~45岁,高中,4,陕西榆林	20	0.512	男,51~65岁,初中,3,陕西咸阳

命题编号	陈述语句	标准得分
最同意的表述:
34	这里有许多自然资源	2.405^**
32	我对这里的动物、植物和风景有所依恋	1.901^**
15	这里为我的休闲活动提供了便利条件	1.525^**
17	这里提供了良好的居住环境	1.426^*
33	这个地方风景优美	1.304^**
最不同意的表述:
14	我和我的长辈都与这个地方有关系	-2.125^**
45	我在这个地方找到了独特的自己	-1.517^**

命题编号	陈述语句	标准得分
最同意的表述:
27	因为有特殊的人在这里,这是一个有意义的地方	2.046^**
37	我和家人在这里共同生活	1.839^**
31	我在这个地方遇到了新朋友	1.789^**
25	这个地方对我家庭生活的继续进行有影响	1.770^*
22	我最美好的记忆和这个地方有关	1.140^**
最不同意的表述:
13	我在这通过一些活动来锻炼自己	-1.643^**
26	我在这里实现自己的理想	-1.582^**

命题编号	陈述语句	标准得分
最同意的表述:
23	在这里我有种家的感觉	2.124^**
36	我觉得我住在这里很满意、很自豪	1.982^**
45	我在这个地方找到了独特的自己	1.517^**
29	我感觉我属于这里	1.356^**
最不同意的表述:
10	在这里我不受居住时间和距离的影响	-2.058^**
13	我在这通过一些活动来测试我的耐力	-1.372^*

命题编号	陈述语句	标准得分
最同意的表述:
1	在这里我可以参加很多娱乐活动	1.346^**
13	我在这通过一些活动来锻炼自己	1.279^*
46	在这的活动参与有益于身心健康	1.236^**
12	这个地方使我有探索的欲望和兴奋感	1.154^*
最不同意的表述:
21	这个地方承载着我过去的记忆	-1.702^**

The construction and examination of migrants' place meaning in Xi'an Qujiang New District

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Figures/Tables 12

References 62

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维度	测量题项	因子载荷	均值	因子均值	标准差	解释总方差(%)
自我认同	集体的感觉	0.790	2.660	2.71	1.0749	18.897
	见证了完整的我	0.771	2.553		1.0638
	家的感觉	0.710	2.552		1.1239
	找到了独特的自己	0.680	2.727		1.0285
	成为这里的一部分	0.655	2.912		1.2145
	对于自身的理解发生变化	0.636	2.876		1.0585
人地互动	拥有多种自然资源	0.799	3.313	3.45	1.0907	15.975
	风景优美	0.751	3.662		0.9559
	感到神清气爽	0.734	3.370		0.9491
	视觉、听觉、嗅觉均感受到周围的环境	0.681	3.538		1.0150
	感到舒适和放松	0.640	3.366		1.0045
人际互动	最美好的记忆与这里有关	0.785	2.697	2.91	1.2831	15.039
	这里与重要人物、重要时刻有关	0.770	2.840		1.3098
	因为某些人在,这是有意义的地方	0.710	2.911		1.2702
	我享受在这里的独处	0.616	3.153		1.2962
	在这里自省	0.597	2.950		1.3203
综合互动	获取发现和学习的外部经验	0.784	3.259	3.24	1.0165	13.960
	这里是独特的	0.688	3.431		1.0175
	拓展了世界观	0.680	3.103		1.1649
	有探索的欲望和兴奋感	0.502	3.173		1.0480

	组合信度(CR)	收敛效度(AVE)	自我认同	人地互动	人际互动	综合互动
自我认同	0.8667	0.5215	0.722
人地互动	0.8438	0.5203	0.70	0.721
人际互动	0.8236	0.5032	0.57	0.46	0.709
综合互动	0.8007	0.5015	0.65	0.71	0.56	0.708

检验指标	χ²/df	RASEA	GFI	TLI	NFI	CFI
参考标准	1~3	< 0.08	> 0.9	> 0.9	> 0.9	> 0.9
数值	2.58	0.066	0.901	0.913	0.888	0.927

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