伏牛山地区森林生态系统服务权衡/协同效应多尺度分析

doi:10.11821/dlxb202005007

Abstract

Abstract:

Forest ecosystem service trade-offs and synergies are important research topics for several disciplines. The multi-scale analysis of service trade-offs and synergies assists in the implementation of more effective forest resource management. Based on multi-source data including forest distribution, topography, NDVI, meteorology and soil conditions, key forest ecosystem services, including total forest volume, carbon storage, water yield, soil retention and habitat quality were mapped and evaluated for the Funiu Mountain Region through integrated deployment of the CASA model, the InVEST3.2 model and the ArcGIS10.2 software. The characteristics of trade-offs and synergies among different ecosystem services were then mapped and considered across multiple spatial scales (i.e., by region, north and south slopes, vertical belt) using the spatial overlay analysis method. The main results are as follows: (1) Mean forest volume is 49.26 m ³/hm ², carbon density is 156.94 t/hm ², water supply depth is 494.46 mm, the unit amount of soil retention is 955.4 t/hm ², and the habitat quality index is 0.79. (2) The area of forests with good synergy is 28.79%, and the area of forests with poor synergy is 10.15%, while about 61.06% of forests show severe trade-offs and weak trade-offs. The overall benefits of forest ecosystem services in the study area are still low. In the future, bad synergy and severe trade-off areas should be the focus of forest resource management and efficiency regulation. (3) Synergy between ecosystem services is better for forest on south slope than that on north slope. Deciduous broad-leaved forest belt at moderate elevations on south slope in the mountains (SIII) has the highest synergies, while that at low elevations on north slope (NI) exhibits the lowest synergy levels.

Key words: forest ecosystem services, trade-off/synergy, multi-scale analysis, CASA, InVEST, Funiu Mountain Region

ZHANG Jingjing, ZHU Wenbo, ZHU Lianqi, LI Yanhong. Multi-scale analysis of trade-off/synergy effects of forest ecosystem services in the Funiu Mountain Region[J].Acta Geographica Sinica, 2020, 75(5): 975-988.

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服务类型	计算模型或思路	所需主要参数及处理
蓄积量	利用CASA模型计算森林植被净初级生产力(NPP)^[38],参照文献[39,40],确定伏牛山地区不同森林类型NPP与蓄积量之间的转换公式,从而得到森林蓄积量空间数据。	植被指数采用MODIS NDVI,气温、降水量和太阳辐射均运用ANUSPLIN软件进行空间插值获得。太阳辐射是由日照时数计算所得^[41]。
固碳	InVEST模型碳储量模块^[42]	碳密度的获取主要参照文献[43,44],并根据不同树种的根茎比^[36],计算得到地上和地下碳密度。
水源供给	InVEST模型水源供给模块^[42]	潜在蒸散量,利用Penman-Monteith公式(日尺度)^[38],并经ANUSPLIN插值得到;土壤深度,由土壤数据通过栅格化所得;植被可利用含水量,采用非线性拟合土壤可用含水率估算模型计算所得^[45];流域和子流域图,基于DEM数据,运用Hydrology分析工具提取得到。
土壤保持	InVEST模型土壤保持模块^[42]	降雨侵蚀力因子,采用Wischmeier的月尺度公式计算得到^[46];土壤可蚀性因子,采用土壤可蚀性估算模型计算得到^[47];工程措施因子,均赋为1,表示均未采取水土保持措施;植被覆盖和管理因子,参考文献[48]中关于林地植被管理因子的计算方法计算得到。
生境支持	InVEST模型生境支持模块^[42]	生境威胁源包括水田、旱地、农村居民点、城镇建设用地、工矿用地及交通用地,由2015年1:10万土地覆被提取得到,并转为30 m的栅格数据;生境威胁源表和敏感性表参照文献[49],并结合研究区实际情况进行赋值;法律准入性矢量图,利用伏牛山国家级自然保护区植被图提取出保护区边界,并根据保护区程度分级,在属性表中分别赋予其可达度值。

服务类型	低(1)	中(2)	高(3)
蓄积量服务	0~0.224	0.224~0.329	0.329~1
固碳服务	0~0.293	0.293~0.619	0.619~1
水源供给服务	0~0.325	0.325~0.569	0.569~1
土壤保持服务	0~0.184	0.184~0.541	0.541~1
生境支持服务	0~0.111	0.111~0.362	0.362~1

服务关系	面积占比(%)	亚类	面积占比(%)	供给能力组合	面积占比(%)	样例
权衡	61.06	强权衡	24.56	1高4低	1.45	11311、11113
				1高1中3低	2.07	11321、12113
				1高2中2低	7.37	12312、12321
				1高3中1低	13.67	22312、32212
		弱权衡	36.5	2高3低	1.89	11133、11313
				2高1中2低	4.72	23113、31123
				2高2中1低	10.78	23213、23123
				3高2低	3.99	33113、13313
				3高1中1低	12.41	33213、23313
				4高1低	2.72	33313、33133
协同	38.94	高协同	28.79	5高	0.83	33333
				4高1中	4.52	33233、23333
				3高2中	7.82	33223、32332
				2高3中	7.83	22332、32322
				1高4中	6.54	22322、22232
				5中	1.24	22222
		低协同	10.15	1中4低	0.25	11211、12111
				2中3低	2.11	12112、12211
				3中2低	3.6	12212、22112
				4中1低	4.2	22212、22122
				5低	0	11111

森林类型	蓄积量		固碳		水源供给		土壤保持		生境质量
森林类型	总量(10⁶ m³)	比例(%)	总量(10⁶ t)	比例(%)	总量(10⁸ m³)	比例(%)	总量(10⁷t)	比例(%)	生境质量
栓皮栎	27.37	44.29	92.15	46.82	31.95	52.70	54.79	47.27	0.71954
阔杂	12.25	19.83	43.97	22.34	12.31	20.31	26.18	22.59	0.79984
短柄枹栎	10.12	16.38	29.63	15.05	7.45	12.28	16.18	13.96	0.88991
锐齿槲栎	6.00	9.71	16.67	8.47	3.56	5.88	7.29	6.29	0.97995
油松	2.33	3.78	5.15	2.62	1.82	3.00	3.63	3.13	0.81979
针阔混交林	2.41	3.90	5.63	2.86	1.69	2.78	4.31	3.72	0.99998
马尾松	0.78	1.26	2.39	1.21	1.45	2.40	2.15	1.86	0.70949
华山松	0.53	0.86	1.24	0.63	0.40	0.66	1.37	1.18	0.99798
合计/平均值	61.78	100	196.83	100	60.64	100	115.9	100	0.7934

Multi-scale analysis of trade-off/synergy effects of forest ecosystem services in the Funiu Mountain Region

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