城市空间增长与人口密度变化之间的关联关系

doi:10.11821/dlxb202004003

Abstract

Abstract:

Exploring the relationship between urban spatial growth and population density change is the basis of urban sustainable development research, which is of great significance for formulating effective land policies to promote urban compact development. The research selected 23 cities with a population of more than 1 million in China and Europe as the study areas. Based on the land use and population data in the study areas in 1990, 2000, and 2014, the research calculated the growth rate of sample urban space during each period, and the urban compactness index was then established to divide the urban spatial growth mode into compact type, maintenance type and spread type. The characteristics of spatial growth, population density change, and their relationship were further discussed. The results are as follows: (1) Population density decline is widespread in cities of China and Europe. Population density in cities of China is relatively high, and the rate of decline is fast, whereas population density in cities of Europe is relatively low and the rate of decline is slow. From 1990 to 2014, the growth rate of urban spatial radius in China was significantly higher than that in Europe. There is a strong negative correlation between the growth rate of urban space and the change rate of population density (with a Pearson's r of -0.693). (2) From 1990 to 2000, most of the sample cities' spatial growth mode were compact. From 2000 to 2014, most Chinese cities' spatial growth mode transformed into spread type and rate of population density decline increased. By contrast, European cities' spatial growth mode maintained to be compact or transformed into maintenance, and the rate of population density decline decreased. (3) Compact spatial growth does not necessarily lead to an increase in population density, but it tends to lower the rate of population density decline, relative to spread spatial growth. The comparative analysis of Chinese and European cities shows that if cities maintain a compact spatial growth mode, the rate of population density will be lowered. If cities' spatial growth mode transforms from compact to spread, it will intensify the decline of urban population density over time.

Key words: urban spatial growth, population density, inverse S-shaped function, China, Europe

ZHAO Rui, JIAO Limin, XU Gang, XU Zhibang, DONG Ting. The relationship between urban spatial growth and population density change[J].Acta Geographica Sinica, 2020, 75(4): 695-707.

Figures/Tables 9

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Tab. 1

The parameters of fitted inverse S-shaped functions in 23 sample cities"

城市	1990年				2000年				2014年
城市	ɑ	c	D	R²	ɑ	c	D	R²	ɑ	c	D	R²
北京	4.578	0.116	25.98	0.995	5.336	0.152	29.06	0.994	4.663	0.259	35.55	0.988
上海	1.791	0.117	25.17	0.966	2.784	0.111	44.57	0.984	4.259	0.086	64.51	0.990
广州	1.561	0.047	8.51	0.980	1.512	0.133	22.14	0.956	1.453	0.248	30.43	0.965
天津	3.828	0.067	15.59	0.995	3.850	0.076	16.93	0.994	3.554	0.247	23.82	0.990
成都	3.403	0.022	11.70	0.996	5.615	0.080	18.58	0.995	3.922	0.159	29.78	0.976
常州	4.191	0.047	7.49	0.999	5.039	0.134	13.13	0.997	4.708	0.261	18.05	0.995
郑州	4.202	0.087	12.14	0.995	5.965	0.134	15.26	0.996	4.263	0.172	27.25	0.991
济南	3.852	0.101	13.56	0.993	3.760	0.126	15.36	0.992	3.465	0.171	19.15	0.994
唐山	2.613	0.113	8.00	0.979	3.115	0.148	9.42	0.976	2.737	0.259	12.18	0.967
海口	1.935	0.041	5.10	0.970	2.344	-0.181	9.06	0.965	3.236	-1.015	18.19	0.956
伦敦	2.652	0.047	35.22	0.983	2.996	0.092	37.29	0.984	3.319	0.113	38.25	0.986
巴黎	2.980	0.091	33.89	0.989	3.880	0.157	36.29	0.991	4.436	0.246	37.92	0.990
柏林	2.190	0.053	14.78	0.996	2.571	0.041	20.85	0.998	2.716	0.098	22.76	0.997
莫斯科	2.231	0.124	24.32	0.987	2.631	0.172	28.20	0.987	2.537	0.212	30.04	0.981
马德里	3.395	0.070	12.93	0.989	3.161	0.094	14.89	0.988	3.057	0.134	18.27	0.985
维也纳	2.742	0.054	12.95	0.997	3.105	0.069	16.39	0.998	3.403	0.088	17.41	0.997
米兰	2.851	0.155	14.19	0.957	2.846	0.202	15.52	0.956	2.854	0.279	19.28	0.955
华沙	1.950	0.055	12.38	0.978	2.408	0.081	15.13	0.983	2.662	0.125	17.89	0.981
圣彼得堡	3.513	0.083	21.38	0.987	3.623	0.122	22.01	0.985	3.658	0.149	24.34	0.987
布达佩斯	3.218	0.098	15.74	0.983	3.266	0.116	16.01	0.981	3.334	0.183	17.82	0.971
曼彻斯特	2.092	0.004	19.92	0.973	2.205	0.033	21.41	0.975	2.248	0.017	22.20	0.975
谢菲尔德	2.551	0.067	10.30	0.987	2.733	0.078	10.80	0.986	2.749	0.081	10.91	0.987
安特卫普	1.944	0.106	10.39	0.974	1.953	0.151	10.14	0.971	2.102	0.191	10.28	0.968

Tab. 1

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

Fig. 6

Fig. 7

Fig. 8

References 33

[1]	Brueckner J . Urban sprawl: Diagnosis and remedies. International Regional Science Review, 2000,23(2):160-171. doi: 10.1177/016001700761012710
[2]	Angel S, Parent J, Civco D L , et al. The dimensions of global urban expansion: Estimates and projections for all countries, 2000-2050. Progress in Planning, 2011,75(2):53-107. doi: 10.1016/j.progress.2011.04.001
[3]	Angel S, Parent J, Civco D L , et al. Making Room for a Planet of Cities. Washington D C: Targeted News Service, 2011.
[4]	Zhou Chunshan, Ye Changdong . Features and causes of urban spatial growth in Chinese metropolises. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2013,68(6):728-738.
	[ 周春山, 叶昌东 . 中国特大城市空间增长特征及其原因分析. 地理学报, 2013,68(6):728-738.]
[5]	Zhang Xinsheng, He Jianbang . Prediction of urban spatial growth and pattern change. Geography and Territorial Studies, 1996(3):13-16.
	[ 张新生, 何建邦 . 城市空间增长与格局变化的预测. 地理学与国土研究, 1996(3):13-16.]
[6]	Luo Xiaolong, Shen Jianfa . Urban growth between cities: The case of Jiangyin economic development zone in Jingjiang. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2006,61(4):435-445.
	[ 罗小龙, 沈建法 . 跨界的城市增长: 以江阴经济开发区靖江园区为例. 地理学报, 2006,61(4):435-445.]
[7]	Ma Ronghua, Gu Chaolin, Pu Yingxia , et al. Urban spatial sprawl pattern and metrics in south of Jiangsu Province along the Yangtze River. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2007,62(10):1011-1022.
	[ 马荣华, 顾朝林, 蒲英霞 , 等. 苏南沿江城镇扩展的空间模式及其测度. 地理学报, 2007,62(10):1011-1022.]
[8]	Feng Jian . Spatial-temporal evolution of urban morphology and land use structure in Hangzhou. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2003,58(3):343-353. doi: 10.11821/xb200303003
	[ 冯健 . 杭州城市形态和土地利用结构的时空演化. 地理学报, 2003,58(3):343-353.] doi: 10.11821/xb200303003
[9]	Gu Chaolin, Chen Zhenguang . Growth pattern of urban space in China. City Planning Review, 1994(6):45-50.
	[ 顾朝林, 陈振光 . 中国大都市空间增长形态. 城市规划, 1994(6):45-50.]
[10]	Wang Xinsheng, Liu Jiyuan, Zhuang Dafang , et al. Sptial-temporal changes of urban spatial morphology in China. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2005,60(3):392-400.
	[ 王新生, 刘纪远, 庄大方 , 等. 中国特大城市空间形态变化的时空特征. 地理学报, 2005,60(3):392-400.]
[11]	Zhang Yufang, Yang Degang, Zhang Xiaolei , et al. Spatial-temporal changes of urban spatial morphology at the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains. Progress in Geography, 2006,25(6):138-147.
	[ 张豫芳, 杨德刚, 张小雷 , 等. 天山北坡绿洲城市空间形态时空特征分析. 地理科学进展, 2006,25(6):138-147.]
[12]	Pan Jinghu, Dai Weili . Spatial-temporal characteristics in urban morphology of majior cities in China during 1990-2010. Economic Geography, 2015,35(1):44-52.
	[ 潘竟虎, 戴维丽 . 1990—2010年中国主要城市空间形态变化特征. 经济地理, 2015,35(1):44-52.]
[13]	Jiao Limin, Zhang Xin . Characterizing urban expansion of main metropolises in China based on built-up densities in concentric rings. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin, 2015,24(10):1721-1728.
	[ 焦利民, 张欣 . 基于圈层建设用地密度分析的中国主要城市扩张的时空特征. 长江流域资源与环境, 2015,24(10):1721-1728.]
[14]	Dong Ting . A global comparative analysis of urban form based on urban land density distribution[D]. Wuhan: Wuhan University, 2017.
	[ 董婷 . 基于城市土地密度分布的城市形态全球对比分析[D]. 武汉: 武汉大学, 2017.]
[15]	Tong Luyi, Hu Shougeng . Characterizations of urban sprawl in major Chinese cities. Resources Science, 2016,38(1):50-61. doi: 10.18402/resci.2016.01.06
	[ 童陆亿, 胡守庚 . 中国主要城市建设用地扩张特征. 资源科学, 2016,38(1):50-61.] doi: 10.18402/resci.2016.01.06
[16]	Li Jialin, Xu Jiqin, Li Weifang , et al. Spatio-temporal characteristics of urbanization area growth in the Yangtze River Delta. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2007,62(4):437-447. doi: 10.11821/xb200704010
	[ 李加林, 许继琴, 李伟芳 , 等. 长江三角洲地区城市用地增长的时空特征分析. 地理学报, 2007,62(4):437-447.] doi: 10.11821/xb200704010
[17]	Feng Jian . Modeling the spatial distribution of urban population density and its evolution in Hangzhou. Geographical Research, 2002,21(5):635-646.
	[ 冯健 . 杭州市人口密度空间分布及其演化的模型研究. 地理研究, 2002,21(5):635-646.]
[18]	Wu Wenyu, Gao Xiangdong . Population density functions of Chinese cities: A review. Progress in Geography, 2010,29(8):968-974. doi: 10.11820/dlkxjz.2010.08.010
	[ 吴文钰, 高向东 . 中国城市人口密度分布模型研究进展及展望. 地理科学进展, 2010,29(8):968-974.] doi: 10.11820/dlkxjz.2010.08.010
[19]	Shan Zhuoran, Huang Yaping, Zhang Xianchun . Spatial distribution of population density of typical megacities in central China: A case study of Wuhan. Economic Geography, 2014,35(9):33-39.
	[ 单卓然, 黄亚平, 张衔春 . 中部典型特大城市人口密度空间分布格局: 以武汉为例. 经济地理, 2015,35(9):33-39.]
[20]	Huang Jie, Zhong Yexi . China's urban population density and changes. Urban Problem, 2014(10):17-22.
	[ 黄洁, 钟业喜 . 中国城市人口密度及其变化. 城市问题, 2014(10):17-22.]
[21]	Angel S. Planet of Cities. Beijing: Science Press, 2015.
	[ 安杰尔·什洛莫 . 城市星球. 北京: 科学出版社, 2015.]
[22]	Xu G, Jiao L, Yuan M , et al. How does urban population density decline over time? An exponential model for Chinese cities with international comparisons. Landscape and Urban Planning, 2019,183:59-67. doi: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2018.11.005
[23]	Angel S, Blei A M, Parent J , et al. Atlas of Urban Expansion: 2016 edition, volume 1: Areas and Densities. http://www.atlasofurbanexpansion.org, 2016-08-20/2018-12-04.
[24]	Hurd J. Atlas of global expansion 2015 edition cities classiﬁcation procedures manual. http://hdl.handle.net/2451/38181, 2015-06/2018-12.
[25]	Xu G, Jiao L, Liu J , et al. Understanding urban expansion combining macro patterns and micro dynamics in three Southeast Asian megacities. Science of the Total Environment, 2019,660:375-383. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.039 pmid: 30640106
[26]	Ouyang Z, Lin M, Chen J , et al. Improving estimates of built-up area from night time light across globally distributed cities through hierarchical modeling. Science of the Total Environment, 2019,647:1266-1280. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.015 pmid: 30180335
[27]	United Nations. World Urbanization Prospects: The 2014 Revision. https://esa.un.org/unpd/wup/Publications/Files/WUP2014-Report.pdf, 2014-07-10/2018-12-04.
[28]	Antrop M . Landscape change and the urbanization process in Europe. Landscape and Urban Planning, 2004,67(1-4):9-26.
[29]	Schwarz N . Urban form revisited: Selecting indicators for characterising European cities. Landscape and Urban Planning, 2010,96(1):29-47.
[30]	Guerois M P D . Built-up encroachment and the urban field: A comparison of forty European cities. Environment and Planning A, 2008,40(9):2186-2203.
[31]	Kasanko M, Barredo J I, Lavalle C , et al. Are European cities becoming dispersed? Landscape and Urban Planning, 2006,77(1-2):111-130.
[32]	Jiao Limin, Wu Su . Analyzing the characteristics of the expansion of metropolises in China from 1990 to 2010 using self-organizing neural network. Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University, 2014,39(12):1435-1440.
	[ 焦利民, 吴苏 . 利用自组织网络分析1990—2010年中国主要城市扩展特征. 武汉大学学报(信息科学版), 2014,39(12):1435-1440.]
[33]	Jiao L . Urban land density function: A new method to characterize urban expansion. Landscape and Urban Planning, 2015,139:26-39.

The relationship between urban spatial growth and population density change

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

Like

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

Figures/Tables 9

References 33

Related Articles 15

Metrics

Comments

[1]	LI Tao, WANG Jiao'e, GAO Xingchuan. Comparison of inter-city travel network during weekdays and holiday in China [J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2020, 75(4): 833-848.
[2]	MA Bin, ZHANG Bo. Spatio-temporal distribution of the climatic seasonsin China from 1961 to 2016 [J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2020, 75(3): 458-469.
[3]	ZUO Xiuling, SU Fenzhen, ZHANG Yu, WU Wenzhou, WU Di. Identifying priority conservation areas for South China Sea Islands under the global climate change [J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2020, 75(3): 647-661.
[4]	DONG Zhibao, LYU Ping. Development of aeolian geomorphology in China in the past 70 years [J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2020, 75(3): 509-528.
[5]	GU Hengyu, MENG Xin, SHEN Tiyan, CUI Nana. Spatial variation of the determinants of China's urban floating population's settlement intention [J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2020, 75(2): 240-254.
[6]	LI Jialin, WANG Lijia. Spatial and temporal evolutions of the major bays in the East China Sea under the influence of reclamation [J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2020, 75(1): 126-142.
[7]	JU Hongrun, ZUO Lijun, ZHANG Zengxiang, ZHAO Xiaoli, WANG Xiao, WEN Qingke, LIU Fang, XU Jinyong, LIU Bin, YI Ling, HU Shunguang, SUN Feifei, TANG Zhanzhong. Methods research on describing the spatial pattern of land use types in China [J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2020, 75(1): 143-159.
[8]	ZHANG Kaihuang, QIAN Qinglan, YANG Qingsheng. An analysis of multilevel variables influencing China's land urbanization process [J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2020, 75(1): 179-193.
[9]	XIAO Lingbo, YAN Junhui. Reconstruction of poor/bumper autumn harvest index series based on historical chorography and its relationship with climate change in North China from 1736 to 1911 [J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2019, 74(9): 1777-1788.
[10]	ZHU Yanshuo, WANG Zheng, CHENG Wenlu. The hub-network structure of China's equipment manufacturing industry [J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2019, 74(8): 1525-1533.
[11]	CHEN Xiaoqiang, YUAN Lihua, SHEN Shi, LIANG Xiaoyao, WANG Yuanhui, WANG Xiangyu, YE Sijing, CHENG Changxiu, SONG Changqing. Analysis of the geo-relationships between China and its neighboring countries [J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2019, 74(8): 1534-1547.
[12]	GAO Chao,WANG Li,CHEN Cai,LUO Gang,SUN Yanwei. Population and economic risk exposure in coastal regionof China under sea level rise [J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2019, 74(8): 1590-1604.
[13]	ZHENG Jingyun,LIU Yang,WU Maowei,ZHANG Xuezhen,HAO Zhixin. Evidences and regional differences on multi-scales in Medieval Climate Anomaly over China [J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2019, 74(7): 1281-1291.
[14]	XIONG Junnan,LI Jin,CHENG Weiming,ZHOU Chenghu,GUO Liang,ZHANG Xiaolei,WANG Nan,LI Wei. Spatial-temporal distribution and the influencing factors of mountain flood disaster in southwest China [J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2019, 74(7): 1374-1391.
[15]	YANG Yu,LI Xiaoyun,DONG Wen,HONG Hui,HE Ze,JIN Fengjun,LIU Yi. Comprehensive evaluation on China's man-land relationship: Theoretical model and empirical study [J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2019, 74(6): 1063-1078.