中国优质基础教育资源空间格局形成机制及综合效应

doi:10.11821/dlxb202002008

Abstract

Abstract:

Education is not only important for strengthening a country's population quality and comprehensive power but key in reshaping the "man-land" relations in a country. This article reviews studies on the distribution of educational resources in both Chinese and Anglophone literature and summarizes the research gaps in the Chinese literature, which include but are not limited to the downplay of the analysis of mechanism and comprehensive effects of the spatial structure of educational resources. Employing different map-making technologies and mechanism-analysis methods, this article dives into three findings. First, though spatial features are slightly different between primary school level and middle school level, eastern regions generally have higher quality educational resources than western regions. In addition, urban agglomeration, including Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Shanghai-Ningbo-Hangzhou, and the Pearl River Delta, have an advantage in attracting and cultivating high-quality educational resources. Second, the quantity of high-quality primary school resources is positively correlated with annual per capita disposable income of urban households and number of full-time primary school teachers. The quantity of high-quality middle school resources is positively correlated with the comprehensive economic and social performance of the city. Third, when affected by multiple mechanisms, the spatial structure of China's high-quality educational resources is dynamic and deeply intertwines with the interrelations between cities as well as between the societies within each city. This article contributes both to the understanding of the unequal spatial structure of high-quality educational resources in China and to the analysis of complex socio-political effects on this transforming structure. Its findings encourage further research on the connection between the spatial structure of a region's educational resources and its cooperation and geopolitics as well as on the resulting social mobility among different social strata. Study limitations include: place-related elements, such as local political resources, were not sufficiently considered when selecting factors; there is a lack of longitudinal analysis; and not enough attention is paid to the combination of number-based data and geo-information-based data in analyses.

Key words: educational resources, educational equality, spatial structure, basic education

YUAN Zhenjie, GUO Junwanguo, YANG Yunying, ZHU Hong. Analysis of the spatial structure, mechanism and social-political effects of the high-quality basic educational resources in China[J].Acta Geographica Sinica, 2020, 75(2): 318-331.

Figures/Tables 7

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Tab. 1

Tab. 2

Tab. 3

Groups of cities with/without high-quality educational resources

变量	小学阶段			中学阶段
变量	“有”组	“无”组	比值	“有”组	“无”组	比值
$x 1$ (城市人口规模/万人)	659.25	354.17	1.86	542.21	293.82	1.85
$x 2$ (城镇化水平/%)	69.24	52.69	1.63	61.55	50.66	1.22
$x 3$ (城市人均国内生产总值/万元)	94507.98	58025.35	1.49	78960.71	52294.76	1.51
$x 4$ (城市全体居民可支配收入/元)	35787.62	24039.08	3.37	30034.71	22881.20	1.31
$x 5$ (城市基础教育经费投入/元)	1665292.00	494263.00	1.31	1051523.74	420268.34	2.50
$x 6$ (城市专任教师数量/人)	28260.61	14182.03	1.99	21016.61	11573.01	1.82

Tab. 3

Tab. 4

Results of multiple linear regression analysis

变量	小学阶段		中学阶段
变量	系数	显著性	系数	显著性
$x 1$ (城市人口规模)	-	-	-	-
$x 2$ (城镇化水平)	-	-	-	-
$x 3$ (城市人均国内生产总值)	-	-	0.245	0.000
$x 4$ (城市全体居民可支配收入)	0.548	0.000	-	-
$x 5$ (城市基础教育经费投入)	-	-	0.311	0.002
$x 6$ (城市专任教师数量)	0.374	0.000	0.312	0.001
$R$	0.718		0.690

Tab. 4

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序号	优质小学教育资源的绝对规模强度	优质小学教育资源的区域强度*	区域强度值	优质中学教育资源的绝对规模强度	优质中学教育资源的区域强度*	区域强度值
1	北京市	上海市	95.03	北京市	无锡市	30.87
2	上海市	佛山市	73.75	武汉市	武汉市	25.06
3	广州市	深圳市	73.02	临沂市	苏州市	20.74
4	长沙市	东莞市	65.78	成都市	莱芜市	20.15
5	佛山市	广州市	64.43	潍坊市	北京市	19.19
6	武汉市	北京市	52.34	苏州市	镇江市	19.14
7	苏州市	嘉兴市	37.33	保定市	泰州市	18.81
8	福州市	长沙市	23.75	泰安市	泰安市	18.17
9	温州市	苏州市	23.72	沈阳市	常州市	17.46
10	天津市	武汉市	23.39	济南市	南京市	17.15

教育阶段	变形后各地级市图显面积方差	变形前各地级市图显面积方差	前后方差比值
小学阶段	0.0155	0.0014	11.07
中学阶段	0.0047	0.0014	3.36

Analysis of the spatial structure, mechanism and social-political effects of the high-quality basic educational resources in China

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