青藏高原人口地域分异规律及“胡焕庸线”思想应用

doi:10.11821/dlxb202002004

Abstract

Abstract:

The Tibetan Plateau is regarded as a typically sparsely populated area both from Chinese and global perspectives. There exists a large difference in population distribution of the Tibetan Plateau. Based on the town-level census data in 2010, we compiled a spatial population database to calculate the population density of the Tibetan Plateau. We found that the population distribution on this plateau was characterized in four dimensions, namely longitude, latitude, polarization and altitude. In addition, similar to the "Hu Line" for Chinese population distribution, we introduce the "Qilian-Gyirong Line" (short for Qi-Ji Line), a spatial division line of population geography in the Tibetan Plateau. Our main results are summarized as follows. (1) There are significant regional differences in the spatial population distribution in the Tibetan Plateau. The population density in the southeast was higher than that in the northwest. Compared to longitude-oriented, latitude-oriented and altitude-oriented regional differences, the polarization-oriented regional difference of population distribution was more prominent. This finding indicates that fewer people live in areas close to the cold-arid core of the Tibetan Plateau. (2) The spatial population distribution is closely related to the natural and environmental factors, including altitude, soil, water resources, climate and vegetation. The interaction between the natural factors has an impact on enhancing the regional difference of population. (3) The "Qiji Line" reveals the spatial differences of population in the Tibetan Plateau. The areas on either side of the line are approximately similar, whereas the population shares in the southeast and northwest halves are 93% and 7%, respectively. (4) In general, the population differences on both sides of the "Qiji Line" were stable over time. During 1982-2010 the population share in the southeast half decreased counterbalanced by an increased share in the northeast half. In the future, the majority of the people are expected to live on the southeast side. This is likely to imply two major policy initiatives. More attention is required on the urbanization development and transportation network construction in the southeast half and the increasing eco-environmental pressures from the growing population in the northwest half.

Key words: population distribution, Tibetan Plateau, regional differentiation, "Hu Line", Qilian-Gyirong Line" (Qiji Line)

QI Wei, LIU Shenghe, ZHOU Liang. Regional differentiation of population in Tibetan Plateau: Insight from the "Hu Line"[J].Acta Geographica Sinica, 2020, 75(2): 255-267.

Figures/Tables 7

Tab. 1

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Tab. 2

Tab. 3

Tab. 4

Fig. 3

References 24

[1]	Cheng Shengkui, Shen Lei . Approach to dynamic relationship between population, resources, environment and development of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Journal of Natural Resources, 2000,15(4):297-304.
	[ 成升魁, 沈镭 . 青藏高原人口、资源、环境与发展互动关系探讨. 自然资源学报, 2000,15(4):297-304.]
[2]	Harris R B . Rangeland degradation on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau: A review of the evidence of its magnitude and causes. Journal of Arid Environments, 2010,74(1):1-12.
[3]	Du M, Kawashima S, Yonemura S , et al. Mutual influence between human activities and climate change in the Tibetan Plateau during recent years. Global and Planetary Change, 2004,41(3/4):241-249.
[4]	Zheng Du . Qinghai-xizang plateau and its effects on regional differentiation of physical environments in west China. Quaternary Sciences, 2001,21(6):484-489.
	[ 郑度 . 青藏高原对中国西部自然环境地域分异的效应. 第四纪研究, 2001,21(6):484-489.]
[5]	Zheng Du, Zhao Dongsheng . The high cold desert zone and a cold-arid core area of the Tibetan Plateau. Arid Zone Research, 2019,36(1):1-6.
	[ 郑度, 赵东升 . 青藏高原高寒荒漠地带与寒冷干旱核心区域. 干旱区研究, 2019,36(1):1-6.]
[6]	Li Bosheng . The zonation of vegetation in the Mt. Namjagbarwa region. Mountain Research, 1985,3(4):291-298.
	[ 李渤生 . 南迦巴瓦峰地区植被水平地带. 山地研究, 1985,3(4):291-298.]
[7]	Zhang Yili, Zhang Wei, Bai Wanqi , et al. An analysis of statistical data about Tibetan Plateau in China: A case study on population. Progress in Geography, 2005,24(1):11-20.
	[ 张镱锂, 张玮, 摆万奇 , 等. 青藏高原统计数据分析: 以人口为例. 地理科学进展, 2005,24(1):11-20.]
[8]	Li S, Zhang Y, Wang Z , et al. Mapping human influence intensity in the Tibetan Plateau for conservation of ecological service functions. Ecosystem Services, 2018,30:276-286.
[9]	Liao Shunbao, Sun Jiulin . Spatial analysis of population development and discussion of sustainable urbanization in Tibet. China Population,Resources and Environment, 2003,13(3):65-70.
	[ 廖顺宝, 孙九林 . 青藏高原人口分布与环境关系的定量研究. 中国人口·资源与环境, 2003,13(3):65-70.]
[10]	Qi Wei, Liu Shenghe, Zhao Meifeng . Study on the stability of Hu Line and different spatial patterns of population growth on its both sides. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2015,70(4):551-566.
	[ 戚伟, 刘盛和, 赵美风 . “胡焕庸线”的稳定性及其两侧人口集疏模式差异. 地理学报, 2015,70(4):551-566.]
[11]	Yang Qiang, Li Li, Wang Yundong , et al. Spatial distribution pattern of population and characteristics of its evolution in China during 1935-2010. Geographical Research, 2016,35(8):1547-1560.
	[ 杨强, 李丽, 王运动 , 等. 1935—2010年中国人口分布空间格局及其演变特征. 地理研究, 2016,35(8):1547-1560.]
[12]	Li Jiaming, Lu Dadao, Xu Chengdong , et al. Spatial heterogeneity and its changes of population on the two sides of Hu Line. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2017,72(1):148-160.
	[ 李佳洺, 陆大道, 徐成东 , 等. 胡焕庸线两侧人口的空间分异性及其变化. 地理学报, 2017,72(1):148-160.]
[13]	Li Jianxin, Yang Yu . Western population pattern in the west of Hu's Line. Northwestern Journal of Ethnology, 2018(1):191-202.
	[ 李建新, 杨珏 . “胡焕庸线”以西的西部人口格局. 西北民族研究, 2018(1):191-202.]
[14]	Gao Xiangdong, Wang Xinxian, Zhu Beiqian . Distribution and change of the ethnic minority population in China: A "Hu Line" perspective. Population Research, 2016,40(3):3-17.
	[ 高向东, 王新贤, 朱蓓倩 . 基于“胡焕庸线”的中国少数民族人口分布及其变动. 人口研究, 2016,40(3):3-17.]
[15]	Fan Jie, Wang Hai . Spatial analysis of population development and discussion of sustainable urbanization in Tibet. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2005,25(4):385-392.
	[ 樊杰, 王海 . 西藏人口发展的空间解析与可持续城镇化探讨. 地理科学, 2005,25(4):385-392.]
[16]	Liu Chengming . Population distribution and changes in Qinghai. Qinghai Social Sciences, 2004(3):41-46.
	[ 刘成明 . 青海人口分布格局及变迁. 青海社会科学, 2004(3):41-46.]
[17]	Bai Zhongqiang, Wang Juanle, Yang Yaping , et al. Characterizing spatial patterns of population distribution at township level across the 25 provinces in China. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2015,70(8):1229-1242.
	[ 柏中强, 王卷乐, 杨雅萍 , 等. 基于乡镇尺度的中国25省区人口分布特征及影响因素. 地理学报, 2015,70(8):1229-1242.]
[18]	Zhang Yili, Li Bingyuan, Zheng Du . The data publication of the paper "A discussion on the boundary and area of the Tibetan Plateau in China". Acta Geographica Sinica, 2014,69(Suppl.):65-68.
	[ 张镱锂, 李炳元, 郑度 . 《论青藏高原范围与面积》一文数据的发表: 青藏高原范围界线与面积地理信息系统数据. 地理学报, 2014,69(增刊):65-68.]
[19]	Fang Yu, Ouyang Zhiyun, Zheng Hua , et al. Natural forming causes of China population distribution. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2012,23(12):3488-3495.
	[ 方瑜, 欧阳志云, 郑华 , 等. 中国人口分布的自然成因. 应用生态学报, 2012,23(12):3488-3495.]
[20]	Wang Jinfeng, Xu Chengdong . Geodetector: Principle and prospective. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2017,72(1):116-134.
	[ 王劲峰, 徐成东 . 地理探测器: 原理与展望. 地理学报, 2017,72(1):116-134.]
[21]	Lü Chen, Lan Xiuting, Sun Wei . A study on the relationship between natural factors and population distribution in Beijing using Geographical Detector. Journal of Natural Resources, 2017,32(8):1385-1397.
	[ 吕晨, 蓝修婷, 孙威 . 地理探测器方法下北京市人口空间格局变化与自然因素的关系研究. 自然资源学报, 2017,32(8):1385-1397.]
[22]	Zhang Yili, Li Bingyuan, Zheng Du . A discussion on the boundary and area of the Tibetan Plateau in China. Geographical Research, 2002,21(1):1-8.
	[ 张镱锂, 李炳元, 郑度 . 论青藏高原范围与面积. 地理研究, 2002,21(1):1-8.]
[23]	Mo Shenguo, Zhang Baiping, Cheng Weiming , et al. Major environment effects of the Tibetan Plateau. Progress in Geography, 2004,23(2):88-96.
	[ 莫申国, 张百平, 程维明 , 等. 青藏高原的主要环境效应. 地理科学进展, 2004,23(2):88-96.]
[24]	Hu Huanyong . The distribution, regionalization and prospect of China's population. Acta Geographica Sinica, 1990,45(2):139-145.
	[ 胡焕庸 . 中国人口的分布、区划和展望. 地理学报, 1990,45(2):139-145.]

人口累计百分比分级值域(%)	对应人口密度分级值域(人/km²)	乡镇街道数量(个)	人口总数 (万人)	人口累计百分比(%)	地域面积 (km²)	面积累计百分比(%)
0~10	53804~2419	35	119.02	9.60	141.51	0.01
10~20	2063~375	36	126.69	19.82	1822.94	0.08
20~30	358~143	60	126.18	30.00	5487.38	0.29
30~40	142~65	85	119.94	39.67	12783.35	0.78
40~50	64~31	149	125.31	49.78	29551.04	1.91
50~60	31~16	195	126.48	59.98	56302.22	4.08
60~70	16~9	275	136.40	70.98	118059.57	8.62
70~80	9~6	271	111.57	79.98	158700.70	14.72
80~90	6~3	352	123.86	89.97	306130.03	26.49
90~100	3~0	447	124.30	100.00	1911686.74	100.00

因子	因子作用 (q值)	交互作用
因子	因子作用 (q值)	海拔	年均降水	年均气温	NPP	土壤类型	产水模数
海拔	0.32^***
年均降水	0.08^***	0.55⁺⁺
年均气温	0.08^***	0.47⁺⁺	0.25⁺⁺
NPP	0.05^***	0.64⁺⁺	0.18⁺⁺	0.24⁺⁺
土壤类型	0.37^***	0.58⁺	0.52⁺⁺	0.48⁺⁺	0.47⁺⁺
产水模数	0.16^***	0.55⁺⁺	0.29⁺⁺	0.39⁺⁺	0.31⁺⁺	0.49⁺

“祁吉线” 半壁	常住人口		地域面积		人口密度 (人/km²)
“祁吉线” 半壁	数量(万人)	占比(%)	数量(km²)	占比(%)	人口密度 (人/km²)
东南半壁	1149.75	92.74	1223069	47.03	9.40
西北半壁	90.01	7.26	1377596	52.97	0.65

年份	常住人口(万人)		常住人口占比(%)		人口密度(人/km²)
年份	东南半壁	西北半壁	东南半壁	西北半壁	东南半壁	西北半壁
1982年	779.94	33.35	95.72	4.28	3.50	0.37
1990年	890.78	41.74	95.31	4.69	4.00	0.47
2000年	996.59	51.31	94.85	5.15	4.48	0.58
2010年	1147.35	64.73	94.36	5.64	5.16	0.73

Regional differentiation of population in Tibetan Plateau: Insight from the "Hu Line"

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

Like

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

Figures/Tables 7

References 24

Related Articles 15

Metrics

Comments

[1]	FENG Yuxue, LI Guangdong. Interaction between urbanization and eco-environment in Tibetan Plateau [J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2020, 75(7): 1386-1405.
[2]	GAO Xing, KANG Shichang, LIU Qingsong, CHEN Pengfei, DUAN Zongqi. Magnetic characteristics of Qiangyong Co Lake sediments, southern Tibetan Plateau and its environmental significance during 1899-2011 [J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2020, 75(1): 68-81.
[3]	FAN Keke, ZHANG Qiang, SUN Peng, SONG Changqing, YU Huiqian, ZHU Xiudi, SHEN Zexi. Effect of soil moisture variation on near-surface air temperature over the Tibetan Plateau [J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2020, 75(1): 82-97.
[4]	GUO Chao,MENG Hongwei,MA Yuzhen,LI Dandan,HU Caili,LIU Jierui,LUO Congwen,WANG Kai. Environmental variations recorded by chemical element in the sediments of Lake Yamzhog Yumco on the southern Tibetan Plateau over the past 2000 years [J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2019, 74(7): 1345-1362.
[5]	Chao WANG, Aike KAN, Yelong ZENG, Guoqing LI, Min WANG, Ren CI. Population distribution pattern and influencing factors in Tibet based on random forest model [J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2019, 74(4): 664-680.
[6]	Keke FAN, Qiang ZHANG, Peng SUN, Changqing SONG, Xiudi ZHU, Huiqian YU, Zexi SHEN. Variation, causes and future estimation of surface soil moisture on the Tibetan Plateau [J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2019, 74(3): 520-533.
[7]	FAN Keke,ZHANG Qiang,SHI Peijun,SUN Peng,YU Huiqian. Evaluation of remote sensing and reanalysis soil moisture products on the Tibetan Plateau [J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2018, 73(9): 1778-1791.
[8]	YU Yang,WANG Xianyan,LI Yiquan,DAI Yan,LU Huayu. The evolution of drainage pattern and its relation to tectonic movement in the upstream Yangtze catchment [J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2018, 73(7): 1338-1352.
[9]	WEI Xueli,CHEN Ningsheng. Development of debris flows in Guanba River and its effect on sediment deposition in Qionghai Lake of Sichuan [J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2018, 73(1): 81-91.
[10]	Yingying CUI, Liping ZHU, Jianting JU, Lun LUO, Yongjie WANG. Seasonal variations of water balance and supply process based upon discharge monitoring in Ranwu Lake of Southeast Tibet [J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2017, 72(7): 1221-1234.
[11]	Dongxia ZHAO, Zenglin HAN, Li WANG. The spatial pattern of aging population distribution and its generating mechanism in China [J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2017, 72(10): 1762-1775.
[12]	Jiaming LI, Dadao LU, Chengdong XU, Yang LI, Mingxing CHEN. Spatial heterogeneity and its changes of population on the two sides of Hu Line [J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2017, 72(1): 148-160.
[13]	Yansui LIU, Jintao LI. Geographic detection and optimizing decision of the differentiation mechanism of rural poverty in China [J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2017, 72(1): 161-173.
[14]	Dongdong KONG, Qiang ZHANG, Wenlin HUANG, Xihui GU. Vegetation phenology change in Tibetan Plateau from 1982 to2013 and its related meteorological factors [J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2017, 72(1): 39-52.
[15]	Xiaojun YAO, Meiping SUN, Peng GONG, Baokang LIU, Xiaofeng LI, Lina AN, Chao MA. Overflow probability of the Salt Lake in Hoh Xil Region [J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2016, 71(9): 1520-1527.