城乡融合背景下乡村转型与可持续发展路径探析

doi:10.11821/dlxb201912010

Abstract

Abstract:

Exploring the evolution rules of rural transformation is significant for systematically understanding stages of rural development, judging trends of rural development, determining paths of rural sustainable development and promoting rural vitalization. Based on Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory, industrial structure evolution theory, and regional spatial structure theory, this paper deduced the evolutionary stages of rural transformation. The evolutionary stages were verified by analysis of the development process of typical villages. Further, this paper explored the implication for rural sustainable development in the new era. The results showed that: (1) Evolutionary process of rural transformation included four stages. The first was the cropland-engineering stage, aiming at realizing the need for food and clothing under the uniform distribution of productivity. The second was the agricultural structure adjustment stage, aiming at increasing income under the intensifying urban-rural relationship status. The third was the industrial restructuring, aiming at improving the quality of life under the strengthening of regional linkages. The fourth was the stage of promoting the equalization of public service facilities with the goal of urban-rural equivalence under the urban-rural integration. (2) The development course of typical developed villages confirmed the evolution rules of rural transformation to some extent. (3) In practice, the evolutionary process of rural development presented skip or parallel phenomena because of regional differentiation of resources, location, market size, and willingness. According to the changes of the roles of different groups in development course, each stage could be subdivided into initial stage, transition stage, and maturation stage. (4) Based on the analysis of evolutionary rules of rural transformation, the paths of rural sustainable development in different types of region included land consolidation and agglomeration path, specialty industrial development path, industrial platform for collection and distribution path, and community function intensification path in the context of urban-rural integration.

Key words: rural vitalization strategy, rural territorial system, rural transformation, rural development, urban-rural integration

CAO Zhi, LI Yurui, CHEN Yufu. Approaches to rural transformation and sustainable development in the context of urban-rural integration[J].Acta Geographica Sinica, 2019, 74(12): 2560-2571.

Figures/Tables 3

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阶段	发展现状或问题	发展措施
工程化	农业生产自然条件约束大,存在耕地高低不平、分散细碎等问题,导致劳动力投入大,粮食产量低,且抵御自然灾害能力差,处于基本维持温饱水平状态。	在政府推动、村干部带动或村民协商下,投入有效的人力、物力或财力,开展土地整治工程,改善农业生产条件,提高劳动生产效率,增加粮食产量。
非粮化	农户生存需求基本得到满足,但粮食生产比较效益低,难以大幅提高农户收入。	在技术能人/大户带动、政府推动、村干部与村经济组织带动或外部经济组织介入下,开展农业结构调整,提升农业产出效益。
非农化	农户收入提高日益受到农产品低收入弹性、乡村土地资源有限性以及农业比较经济利益低的限制,持续增收困难。	结合村庄区位优势、资源禀赋和发展机遇,具备一定资金基础的村民、村经济组织或政府引导发展农产品加工、农资生产、休闲观光以及制造业等多种业态。
社区化	非农产业发展促进人口集聚,亟需与经济水平相适应的基础设施和公共服务。	政府或村集体组织逐渐提升市政设施、医疗、教育、社会保障等公共服务水平,着力实现城乡等值化。

Approaches to rural transformation and sustainable development in the context of urban-rural integration

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