典型山地降水径流时空演变及“水—热—人—地”匹配性分析

doi:10.11821/dlxb201911007

Abstract

Abstract:

Mountainous areas in China face complex problems due to conflicts between natural eco-environmental protection and socio-economic development. Mountain water resources have evolved in the context of climate change and human activities, which further affects their coordination and matching with regional climate resources, land resources and socio-economy. Hence, it is of fundamental significance for mountain development to study these issues to identify key weakness and provide solutions. The paper focuses on three typical mountainous areas under different natural geographic conditions and at socio-economic development levels in China, namely, Taihang Mountains Area (TMA), Hengduan Mountains Region (HMR) and Guizhou-Guangxi Karst Area (GKA), and studies the spatio-temporal variations of precipitation and runoff from 1956 to 2015 by Mann-Kendall test based on national water resources assessment results and statistical data of land use and socio-economy. The characteristics of natural and socio-economic factors are analyzed by matching distance and imbalance index. In this process, four groups of parameters are selected, including water (precipitation and runoff), heat (accumulated temperature and radiation), land (total area and farmland area) and socio-economy (population and GDP). The results indicate that, the water resources endowment of TMA is the worst, and significant reduction of runoff since 2000 makes it even worse, while the precipitation and runoff of HMR and GKA are abundant and there is no obvious change trend. According to the analysis of regional water-heat-human-land matching characteristics, TMA mainly suffers from water shortage, land and heat resources have great disadvantages in most parts of HMR with uneven distribution of water and heat, and land resources are relatively deficient in all counties of GKA. In general, mismatching degree of water and other factors is the highest, and the allocation and coordination of water are the key issue for sustainable development of mountainous areas, especially in TMA.

Key words: Taihang Mountains Area, Hengduan Mountains Area, Guizhou-Guangxi Karst Area, imbalance index, hydrology and water resources

JIA Yangwen,HAO Chunfeng,NIU Cunwen,QIU Yaqin,DU Junkai,XU Fei,LIU Huan. Spatio-temporal variations of precipitation and runoff and analyses of water-heat-human-land matching characteristics in typical mountainous areas of China[J].Acta Geographica Sinica, 2019, 74(11): 2288-2302.

Figures/Tables 15

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

Fig. 6

Fig. 7

Tab. 1

Tab. 2

Tab. 3

Tab. 4

Tab. 5

Tab. 6

Tab. 7

Fig. 8

References 32

[1]	Viviroli D, Archer D R, Buytaert W , et al. Climate change and mountain water resources: Overview and recommendations for research, management and policy. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 2011,7(3):471-504.
[2]	Liniger H, Gikonyo J, Kiteme B , et al. Assessing and managing scarce tropical mountain water resources. Mountain Research and Development, 2005,25(2):163-173.
[3]	Zhang Jianxin, Deng Wei, Zhang Jifei . Foreign mountain development policy framework and its inspiration for mountain development in China. Mountain Research, 2016,34(3):366-373.
	[ 张建新, 邓伟, 张继飞 . 国外山区发展政策框架与启示. 山地学报, 2016,34(3):366-373.]
[4]	Sivapalan M, Konar M, Srinivasan V , et al. Socio-hydrology: Use-inspired water sustainability science for the Anthropocene. Earth's Future, 2014,2(4):225-230.
[5]	Fu Bojie . Geography: From knowledge, science to decision making support. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2017,72(11):1923-1932.
	[ 傅伯杰 . 地理学: 从知识、科学到决策. 地理学报, 2017,72(11):1923-1932.]
[6]	Wang Hao, Jia Yangwen . Theory and study methodology of dualistic water cycle in river basins under changing conditions. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 2016,47(10):1219-1226. doi: 10.13243/j.cnki.slxb.20151297
	[ 王浩, 贾仰文 . 变化中的流域“自然—社会”二元水循环理论与研究方法. 水利学报, 2016,47(10):1219-1226.] doi: 10.13243/j.cnki.slxb.20151297
[7]	Wang Henian . Evolution of watershed ecological hydrology in Haihe basin mountainous area[D]. Beijing: Beijing Forest University, 2015.
	[ 王贺年 . 海河山区流域生态水文演变规律研究[D]. 北京: 北京林业大学, 2015.]
[8]	Pepin N, Bradley R S, Diaz H F , et al. Elevation-dependent warming in mountain regions of the world. Nature Climate Change, 2015,5(5):424-430.
[9]	Beniston M, Stoffel M . Assessing the impacts of climatic change on mountain water resources. Science of the Total Environment, 2014,493:1129-1137.
[10]	Kong Lan, Liang Hong, Huang Fasu . Analysis to runoff evolution features along time series in karst drainage basin: A case study in Guizhou province. Carsologica Sinica, 2007,26(4):341-346.
	[ 孔兰, 梁虹, 黄法苏 . 喀斯特流域径流量时序演变特征分析: 以贵州省为例. 中国岩溶, 2007,26(4):341-346.]
[11]	Huang Ying, Bai Shaoguang, Fang Shaodong . Distribution characteristics of hydrological factors in the southern basin of the Hengduan Mountain Valley in Yunnan Province. Journal of China Hydrology, 2007,27(5):83-85.
	[ 黄英, 柏绍光, 方绍东 . 云南纵向岭谷南延区域水文要素分布特征. 水文, 2007,27(5):83-85.]
[12]	Du Junkai, Li Xiaoxing, Jia Yangwen , et al. Temporal and spatial matching analysis of water and socio-economic resources of ten first-class water resources regions in China based gini coefficient method. Water Conservancy Science and Technology and Economy, 2018,24(6):1-8.
	[ 杜军凯, 李晓星, 贾仰文 , 等. 基于基尼系数法的全国十大水资源一级区水资源与经济社会要素时空匹配分析. 水利科技与经济, 2018,24(6):1-8.]
[13]	Zuo Qiting, Zhao Heng, Ma Junxia . Study on harmony equilibrium between water resources and economic society development. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 2014,45(7):785-792.
	[ 左其亭, 赵衡, 马军霞 . 水资源与经济社会和谐平衡研究. 水利学报, 2014,45(7):785-792.]
[14]	Mehta L . Water and human development. World Development, 2014,59(1):59-69.
[15]	Feng Zhiming, Yang Yanzhao, You Zhen , et al. Research on the suitability of population distribution at the county level in China. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2014,69(6):723-737.
	[ 封志明, 杨艳昭, 游珍 , 等. 基于分县尺度的中国人口分布适宜度研究. 地理学报, 2014,69(6):723-737.]
[16]	Liu Dong, Liu Chunlei, Fu Qiang , et al. Construction and application of a refined index for measuring the regional matching characteristics between water and land resources. Ecological Indicators, 2018,91:203-211.
[17]	Shi Peili, Geng Shoubao . Effects of soil and water interaction and optimal allocation of land use in mountainous areas. China Journal of Nature, 2018,40(1):25-32.
	[ 石培礼, 耿守保 . 山地水土要素耦合效应及土地利用的优化配置. 自然杂志, 2018,40(1):25-32.]
[18]	Lu Yajing . Interaction and joint regulation between water and soil resources in the alpine region: A case study in the Naqu River basin of the Tibetan China[D]. Beijing: China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, 2017.
	[ 卢亚静 . 高寒地区水土资源相互作用机制与联合调控[D]. 北京: 中国水利水电科学研究院, 2017.]
[19]	Liu Yansui, Gan Hong, Zhang Fugang . Analysis of the matching patterns of land and water resources in northeast China. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2006,61(8):847-854.
	[ 刘彦随, 甘红, 张富刚 . 中国东北地区农业水土资源匹配格局. 地理学报, 2006,61(8):847-854.]
[20]	Song Mengmei, An Liping, Jiang Li , et al. Cultivation patterns of main grain crops and evaluation of water and heat resource utilization efficiency in Jilin Province from 1993 to 2013. Resources Science, 2017,39(3):501-512.
	[ 宋梦美, 安萍莉, 江丽 , 等. 1993-2013年吉林省主粮作物种植布局及其水热资源利用效率评估. 资源科学, 2017,39(3):501-512.]
[21]	Ning Xiaoju, Qin Yaochen, Cui Yaoping , et al. The spatio-temporal change of agricultural hydrothermal conditions in China from 1951 to 2010. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2015,70(3):364-379.
	[ 宁晓菊, 秦耀辰, 崔耀平 , 等. 60年来中国农业水热气候条件的时空变化. 地理学报, 2015,70(3):364-379.]
[22]	Mendelsohn R, Dinar A . Climate, water, and agriculture. Land Economics, 2003,79(3):328-341.
[23]	Du Junkai, Jia Yangwen, Hao Chunfeng , et al. Evolution law and attribution analysis of vertical distribution of blue water and green water in Taihang Mountain region. South-to-North Water Transfer and Water Science and Technology, 2018,16(2):64-73.
	[ 杜军凯, 贾仰文, 郝春沣 , 等. 太行山区蓝水绿水沿垂直带演变规律及其归因分析. 南水北调与水利科技, 2018,16(2):64-73.]
[24]	Hu Shi, Zhao Ruxin, Jia Yangwen , et al. The characteristic of vegetation vertical zonality and the influential factors in typical mountains in China. China Journal of Nature, 2018,40(1):12-16.
	[ 胡实, 赵茹欣, 贾仰文 , 等. 中国典型山地植被垂直地带性特征及其影响要素. 自然杂志, 2018,40(1):12-16.]
[25]	Xiong Kangning, Li Jin, Long Mingzhong . Features of soil and water loss and key issues in demonstration areas for combating karst rocky desertification. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2012,67(7):878-888.
	[ 熊康宁, 李晋, 龙明忠 . 典型喀斯特石漠化治理区水土流失特征与关键问题. 地理学报, 2012,67(7):878-888.]
[26]	Zhao Yuluan, Li Xiubin, Zhang Ying . Technology and application of mountainous area divisions in Qian-Gui Karst Areas. Journal of Geo-information Science, 2017,19(7):934-940.
	[ 赵宇鸾, 李秀彬, 张颖 . 黔桂喀斯特山地与山区类型划分技术与应用. 地球信息科学学报, 2017,19(7):934-940.]
[27]	Wei Fengying. Modern Climate Statistical Diagnosis and Prediction Techniques. Beijing: China Meteorological Press, 2007.
	[ 魏凤英 . 现代气候统计诊断与预测技术. 北京: 气象出版社, 2007.]
[28]	Zhang Jishi, Liu Liyu, Cheng Zhongshan , et al. Statistical Hydrology. Zhengzhou: Yellow River Conservancy Press, 2006.
	[ 张济世, 刘立昱, 程中山 , 等. 统计水文学. 郑州: 黄河水利出版社, 2006.]
[29]	Zhang Jihui, Li Jian, Tang Yan . Analysis of the spatio-temporal matching of water resource and economic development factors in China. Resources Science, 2012,34(8):1546-1555.
	[ 张吉辉, 李健, 唐燕 . 中国水资源与经济发展要素的时空匹配分析. 资源科学, 2012,34(8):1546-1555.]
[30]	Han Shumin, Yang Yonghui, Fan Tong , et al. Precipitation-runoff processes in Shimen hillslope micro-catchment of Taihang Mountain, north China. Hydrological Processes, 2012,26(9):1332-1341.
[31]	Jia Yangwen, Ding Xiangyi, Wang Hao , et al. Attribution of water resources evolution in the highly water-stressed Hai River Basin of China. Water Resources Research, 2012,48(2):2513.
[32]	Wang Hao, You Jinjun . Progress of water resources allocation during the past 30 years in China. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 2016,47(3):265-271, 282. doi: 10.13243/j.cnki.slxb.20150484
	[ 王浩, 游进军 . 中国水资源配置30年. 水利学报, 2016,47(3):265-271, 282.] doi: 10.13243/j.cnki.slxb.20150484

指标		太行山	横断山	黔桂喀斯特
基础信息	面积(万km²)	13.3	50.6	14.9
基础信息	平均高程(m)	842	3585	583
人口	总人口(2010年)(万人)	4387	1633	2140
人口	人口密度(人/km²)	331	32	143
GDP	GDP(2010年) (亿元)	11289	2485	2887
GDP	人均GDP(万元)	2.57	1.52	1.35
耕地	耕地面积(2014年) (万亩)	8382	3609	3411
热量	≥10 ℃积温(℃)	2800~4500	3000~6500	4000~8000
热量	年平均辐射量(kW·h/m²)	1300~1400	1400~1700	1000~1200
降水	多年平均降水量(亿m³)	718.6	4488.1	2088.7
降水	多年平均降水深(mm)	542	887	1398
水资源	多年平均水资源总量(亿m³)	151.9	2437.9	995.6
	人均水资源量(m³)	346	14930	4652
	耕地亩均水资源量(m³)	181	6754	2919
	多年平均径流量(亿m³)	94.8	2437.9	995.6
	多年平均径流深(mm)	72	482	666

要素	面积	耕地	降水	径流	人口	GDP	辐射	积温
面积	0.000	0.022	0.014	0.022	0.022	0.024	0.003	0.012
耕地	-	0.000	0.032	0.041	0.005	0.010	0.023	0.030
降水	-	-	0.000	0.009	0.033	0.036	0.014	0.004
径流	-	-	-	0.000	0.042	0.045	0.021	0.011
人口	-	-	-	-	0.000	0.006	0.024	0.032
GDP	-	-	-	-	-	0.000	0.026	0.035
辐射	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.000	0.011
积温	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.000

要素	面积	耕地	降水	径流	人口	GDP	辐射	积温
面积	0.000	-0.019	0.001	0.007	-0.013	-0.010	0.001	-0.001
耕地	0.019	0.000	0.021	0.027	0.006	0.010	0.020	0.019
降水	-0.001	-0.021	0.000	0.006	-0.015	-0.011	-0.001	-0.002
径流	-0.007	-0.027	-0.006	0.000	-0.021	-0.017	-0.007	-0.008
人口	0.013	-0.006	0.015	0.021	0.000	0.004	0.014	0.013
GDP	0.010	-0.010	0.011	0.017	-0.004	0.000	0.010	0.009
辐射	-0.001	-0.020	0.001	0.007	-0.014	-0.010	0.000	-0.001
积温	0.001	-0.019	0.002	0.008	-0.013	-0.009	0.001	0.000

要素	面积	耕地	降水	径流	人口	GDP	辐射	积温
面积	0.000	0.025	-0.015	-0.027	0.029	0.033	-0.003	-0.015
耕地	-0.025	0.000	-0.040	-0.052	0.004	0.008	-0.027	-0.039
降水	0.015	0.040	0.000	-0.012	0.044	0.048	0.012	0.000
径流	0.027	0.052	0.012	0.000	0.056	0.060	0.025	0.012
人口	-0.029	-0.004	-0.044	-0.056	0.000	0.004	-0.031	-0.043
GDP	-0.033	-0.008	-0.048	-0.060	-0.004	0.000	-0.036	-0.048
辐射	0.003	0.027	-0.012	-0.025	0.031	0.036	0.000	-0.012
积温	0.015	0.039	0.000	-0.012	0.043	0.048	0.012	0.000

要素	面积	耕地	降水	径流	人口	GDP	辐射	积温
面积	0.000	-0.001	-0.013	-0.015	0.000	0.006	0.003	-0.008
耕地	0.001	0.000	-0.012	-0.014	0.001	0.007	0.004	-0.008
降水	0.013	0.012	0.000	-0.002	0.013	0.019	0.016	0.005
径流	0.015	0.014	0.002	0.000	0.015	0.021	0.018	0.007
人口	0.000	-0.001	-0.013	-0.015	0.000	0.006	0.003	-0.008
GDP	-0.006	-0.007	-0.019	-0.021	-0.006	0.000	-0.003	-0.014
辐射	-0.003	-0.004	-0.016	-0.018	-0.003	0.003	0.000	-0.011
积温	0.008	0.008	-0.005	-0.007	0.008	0.014	0.011	0.000

Spatio-temporal variations of precipitation and runoff and analyses of water-heat-human-land matching characteristics in typical mountainous areas of China

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

Like

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

Figures/Tables 15

References 32

Related Articles 1

Metrics

Comments

Recommended 10

类别	要素	太行山	横断山	黔桂喀斯特	要素综合匹配距离
地	面积	0.052	0.146	0.047	0.245
	耕地	0.122	0.195	0.046	0.364
	小计	0.174	0.341	0.093	0.609
水	降水	0.057	0.171	0.081	0.308
	径流	0.092	0.245	0.093	0.430
	小计	0.149	0.416	0.174	0.738
人	人口	0.085	0.211	0.046	0.343
	GDP	0.070	0.237	0.078	0.386
	小计	0.155	0.448	0.124	0.729
热	辐射	0.054	0.146	0.057	0.257
	积温	0.052	0.170	0.061	0.284
	小计	0.106	0.316	0.118	0.541
区域综合匹配距离		0.585	1.522	0.510	2.617

类别	要素	太行山	横断山	黔桂喀斯特	要素综合匹配距离
地	面积	0.054	0.144	0.046	0.243
	耕地	0.123	0.193	0.045	0.362
	小计	0.177	0.337	0.091	0.605
水	降水	0.059	0.166	0.078	0.303
	径流	0.098	0.237	0.090	0.425
	小计	0.156	0.403	0.168	0.728
人	人口	0.086	0.209	0.045	0.341
	GDP	0.071	0.235	0.077	0.383
	小计	0.158	0.444	0.122	0.724
热	辐射	0.055	0.144	0.056	0.255
	积温	0.054	0.170	0.060	0.284
	小计	0.108	0.314	0.117	0.539
区域综合匹配距离		0.599	1.498	0.499	2.596