典型山地水土要素时空耦合特征及其成因

doi:10.11821/dlxb201911006

Abstract

Abstract:

Water and land resources are the foundation for human wellbeing. The coupling of water-land elements in mountainous areas is closely related to the functionality of production-living-ecology space, whose coupling process and features are closely related to ecosystem services and sustainable socio-economic development in mountainous areas. Through constructing a more scientific coupling index of water-land elements (CIWL), the present study conducted a large-scale and long-term analysis of the coupling characteristics of the Taihang Mountains, Hengduan Mountains and Guizhou-Guangxi karst mountains. The influencing factors of the coupling index in each period were analyzed by employing geodetector method. The results show that: (1) The three mountainous areas are significantly different in spatial differences of coupling index of water-land elements. The Taihang Mountains are dominated by water deficiency, while the Hengduan Mountains are by the balanced area. The Guizhou-Guangxi mountainous areas are dominated by water deficiency and the abundant areas. (2) In terms of the vertical differentiation, the coupling of water-land elements of the three major mountainous areas varies at 1300 m, 1800-3400 m and 500-1500 m, respectively, with the coupling index of water-land elements in ecological functional sub-regions indicating that the forest ecological sub-region > forest grass ecological sub-region > agro-ecological sub-region. (3) Natural factors and human factors are responsible for spatial differentiation of coupling index, among which, the climate is a dominant driving factor, the topography and land use type are secondary, and the human factors are superimposed on the natural factors, jointly causing the complexity and variation of the coupling of water-land elements. The coupling index of water and land elements established in this paper has deepened the study of spatial-temporal processes of water and land interaction in mountainous areas, thereby providing a decision-making reference for coping with the sustainable development of mountainous areas in a changing environment.

Key words: water and land elements, coupling characteristics, geodetector, spatial-temporal differentiation, typical mountains

ZHOU Peng, DENG Wei, PENG Li, ZHANG Shaoyao. Spatio-temporal coupling characteristic of water-land elements and its cause in typical mountains[J].Acta Geographica Sinica, 2019, 74(11): 2273-2287.

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山区名称	面积 (万km²)	县级行政单元(个)	常住人口 (万人)	GDP （亿）	水―土―岩特征
太行山地	13.7	115	4108	14358	土地贫瘠,垦殖率高,降水变率大,水资源匮乏、水分调蓄能力差
横断山地	45.0	99	2004	5707.7	地形切割剧烈,构造运动活跃,地质灾害频繁,耕地分散,取水困难
黔桂喀斯特山地	22.5	102	4304	15329	峰丛洼地,山高坡陡,地表缺水少土,溶岩成土速率慢,土薄易旱

太行山地生态功能亚区	1990年	1995年	2000年	2005年	2010年	2015年	平均值	标准差
永定河上游山间盆地林农草复合生态亚区	0.81	0.85	0.57	0.58	0.65	0.68	0.69	0.12
太行山山地落叶阔叶林生态亚区	0.84	0.80	0.66	0.62	0.63	0.68	0.71	0.09
太岳山山地丘陵落叶阔叶林生态亚区	0.84	0.67	0.67	0.71	0.63	0.67	0.70	0.07
太行山太岳山山间盆地丘陵农业生态亚区	0.91	0.69	0.74	0.81	0.70	0.83	0.78	0.09
豫西北太行山南麓丘陵农业生态亚区	0.79	0.53	0.68	0.68	0.66	0.71	0.67	0.09
中条山山地丘陵落叶阔叶林生态亚区	0.78	0.55	0.67	0.73	0.76	0.82	0.72	0.10

横断山地生态亚区	1990年	1995年	2000年	2005年	2010年	2015年	平均值	标准差
滇中高原盆谷滇青冈—元江栲林—云南松林生态亚区	1.13	1.08	1.09	0.96	0.83	0.94	1.00	0.11
金沙江下游干热河谷常绿灌丛—稀树草原生态亚区	1.20	1.15	1.11	1.03	0.91	0.98	1.06	0.11
滇西横断山半湿润常绿阔叶林生态亚区	1.31	1.31	1.45	1.26	1.45	0.88	1.28	0.21
川西南山地偏干性常绿阔叶林生态亚区	1.53	1.41	1.39	1.34	1.25	1.21	1.35	0.11
沙鲁里山南部亚高山半干旱、半湿润暗针叶林生态亚区	1.40	1.13	1.26	1.14	1.04	0.81	1.13	0.20
大雪山—念他翁山—高山灌丛—高山草甸生态亚	1.08	0.99	1.11	1.04	0.97	0.69	0.98	0.15
岷山—邛崃云—高山草甸—常绿阔叶林生态亚区	1.56	1.46	1.24	1.46	1.40	1.12	1.37	0.16
长江源高寒草甸草原生态亚区	0.93	0.95	1.06	1.17	0.89	0.87	0.98	0.11

黔桂喀斯特山地生态亚区	1990年	1995年	2000年	2005年	2010年	2015年	平均值	标准差
黔中丘原盆地山原中山常绿阔叶林生态亚区	1.34	1.66	1.77	1.29	1.28	1.75	1.52	0.23
黔西北中山针阔混交林生态亚区	1.27	1.78	1.75	1.36	1.18	1.60	1.49	0.25
黔南山地盆谷常绿阔叶林生态亚区	1.67	1.73	1.94	1.42	1.61	2.00	1.73	0.22
乌蒙山山地云南松林—羊草草甸生态亚区	1.40	1.78	1.67	1.49	1.36	1.65	1.56	0.17
桂中北喀斯特常绿、落叶阔叶混交林生态亚区	1.86	1.62	1.88	1.68	1.77	2.33	1.86	0.26
桂东粤西丘陵山地湿润季风常绿阔叶林生态亚区	1.51	1.61	1.19	1.30	1.54	1.88	1.50	0.24
桂中喀斯特常绿、落叶阔叶混交林生态亚区	1.75	1.59	1.58	1.59	1.76	2.16	1.74	0.22
桂西南喀斯特北热带季雨林生态亚区	1.74	1.45	1.26	1.45	1.49	1.60	1.50	0.16

年份	海拔	坡度	地貌类型	地形位指数	土壤类型	年均气温	相对湿润度指数	太阳辐射	土地利用类型	人口	GDP
1990年	0.028	0.039	0.064	0.040	0.033	0.017	0.159	0.070	0.144	0.040	0.021
1995年	0.265	0.192	0.189	0.267	0.094	0.438	0.639	0.276	0.223	0.183	0.100
2000年	0.152	0.103	0.145	0.150	0.062	0.035	0.340	0.303	0.124	0.054	0.075
2005年	0.114	0.059	0.062	0.081	0.030	0.011	0.637	0.355	0.121	0.028	0.019
2010年	0.103	0.015	0.058	0.052	0.011	0.017	0.413	0.234	0.097	0.040	0.032
2015年	0.048	0.057	0.117	0.051	0.012	0.051	0.084	0.144	0.264	0.044	0.008
平均值	0.118	0.078	0.106	0.107	0.040	0.095	0.379	0.230	0.162	0.065	0.043

Spatio-temporal coupling characteristic of water-land elements and its cause in typical mountains

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年份	海拔	坡度	地貌类型	地形位指数	土壤类型	年均气温	相对湿润度指数	太阳辐射	土地利用类型	人口	GDP
1990年	0.078	0.092	0.153	0.030	0.070	0.040	0.717	0.533	0.064	0.094	0.004
1995年	0.086	0.081	0.053	0.019	0.068	0.030	0.831	0.487	0.048	0.066	0.002
2000年	0.042	0.066	0.147	0.043	0.094	0.044	0.638	0.379	0.061	0.077	0.007
2005年	0.030	0.056	0.100	0.057	0.065	0.077	0.536	0.491	0.075	0.048	0.022
2010年	0.071	0.126	0.127	0.079	0.087	0.070	0.806	0.555	0.046	0.048	0.036
2015年	0.136	0.021	0.148	0.011	0.076	0.098	0.659	0.483	0.072	0.162	0.068
平均值	0.074	0.074	0.121	0.040	0.077	0.060	0.698	0.488	0.061	0.083	0.023

年份	海拔	坡度	地貌类型	地形位指数	土壤类型	年均气温	相对湿润度指数	太阳辐射	土地利用类型	人口	GDP
1990年	0.212	0.039	0.088	0.066	0.080	0.072	0.553	0.221	0.247	0.320	0.073
1995年	0.182	0.125	0.183	0.210	0.067	0.073	0.303	0.070	0.324	0.002	0.093
2000年	0.267	0.179	0.199	0.308	0.033	0.173	0.333	0.390	0.223	0.037	0.043
2005年	0.079	0.069	0.140	0.039	0.068	0.084	0.417	0.182	0.267	0.146	0.059
2010年	0.248	0.026	0.063	0.092	0.058	0.100	0.584	0.140	0.175	0.117	0.051
2015年	0.109	0.028	0.066	0.054	0.044	0.029	0.603	0.285	0.159	0.021	0.035
平均值	0.183	0.078	0.123	0.128	0.058	0.089	0.466	0.215	0.233	0.107	0.059

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