基于水环境化学及稳定同位素联合示踪的土地利用类型对地下水体氮素归趋影响

doi:10.11821/dlxb201909013

Abstract

Abstract:

Identifying the sources and fate of nitrogen in groundwater is challenging in areas with diverse land use types and multiple potential inputs. The Abujiaohe river basin in China's Sanjiang Plain, which has mixed land use types, including forestland, upland, paddy fields, and residential areas, was selected as the study area. Multiple environmental tracers, including hydrochemical and stable isotopes of nitrate (δ ¹⁵N-NO₃ ^- and δ ¹⁸O-NO₃ ^-) from groundwater, were examined. A biplot approach (δ ¹⁵N-NO₃ ^- and δ ¹⁸O-NO₃ ^-) combined with multivariate statistical analysis of hydrochemical data was used to investigate the sources and fate of nitrogen in groundwater. The results showed that severe nitrogen pollution—the highest concentration found in this study exceeded the national limit by four times—was present in both towns and agricultural areas. Land use was not only the dominant determining factor of nitrogen concentration and groundwater chemistry type, but also had a key impact on the regional nitrogen cycle and nitrogen sources. In the forestland, dominant nitrate was mainly derived from organic nitrogen nitrification in the soil. In residential areas, excessive NO₃ ^- with high Cl ^- concentrations derived from manure and septic waste, which was controlled by the nitrification process. In paddy fields, low NO₃ ^-, combined with high NH₄ ⁺ and stable isotopes of nitrate concentrations, was observed. The linear relationship between δ ¹⁵N-NO₃ ^- and δ ¹⁸O-NO₃ ^-indicated that the occurrence of significant denitrification led to the limited presence of isotopic tracer. The uplands, affected by multiple factors such as rainfall and denitrification, had a more complex N cyclic process. Ultimately, multivariate statistical analysis results showed that the reduction of nitrogen fertilizer input was the main reason for nitrogen pollution. Therefore, the combined approach of using nitrogen isotopic ratios and conventional multivariate statistical analysis allowed for the more reliable separation of nitrogen sources in groundwater. This approach can help us to initiate more targeted remediation strategies.

Key words: nitrogen in groundwater, land use, stable isotopes, sources and fate, multivariate statistical analysis

LU Lu, DAI Erfu, CHENG Qianding, WU Zhenzhen. The sources and fate of nitrogen in groundwater under different land use types: Stable isotope combined with a hydrochemical approach[J].Acta Geographica Sinica, 2019, 74(9): 1878-1889.

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References 31

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采样点	井深(m)	使用目的	土地利用类型	采样时间
G01	-	泉水	森林	共计3次采样： 2015年4月10日; 2015年8月2日; 2015年11月6日;
G02	20	饮用	城镇
G03	23	饮用	城镇
G04	25	饮用	城镇
G05	78	饮用	城镇
G06	106	灌溉	玉米地
G07	32	灌溉	玉米地
G08	30	饮用、灌溉	水稻田
G09	27	饮用、灌溉	水稻田

统计量	NO₃^-	NH₄⁺	NO₂^-
极小值	0.04	Null^a	0.006
极大值	57.18	1.93	0.013
均值	14.56	0.30	0.01
标准差	16.55	0.63	0.002
质量标准	20^b	0.5^b	0.02^b

统计量	极小值	极大值	均值	标准差
Na⁺	1.69	101.83	30.75	26.56
K⁺	0.31	10.2	1.74	2.45
Mg²⁺	2	40.56	15.97	10.47
Ca²⁺	6.2	51.54	24.73	12.38
Cl^-	0.11	58.28	21.56	23.34
SO₄^2-	0.04	52.48	12.29	14.39
HCO₃^-	7.86	75.72	49.67	22.18
Fe²⁺	Null^a	6.69	1.3	2.42
Mn²⁺	Null^a	1.44	0.3	0.44

变量	成分矩阵		旋转成分矩阵^a
变量	主成分1	主成分2	主成分1	主成分2
SO₄^2-	0.907	0.200	0.931	-0.099
Mg²⁺	0.873	0.338	0.898	-0.237
NO₃^-	0.861	-0.062	0.861	-0.189
Cl^-	0.853	-0.126	0.844	0.031
Na⁺	0.852	0.226	0.770	-0.076
K⁺	0.737	0.414	0.738	-0.449
Ca²⁺	0.719	0.285	0.701	-0.502
HCO₃^-	0.102	0.782	-0.257	0.861
NH₄⁺	-0.578	0.664	-0.211	0.855
Fe²⁺	-0.622	0.648	-0.212	0.760
Mn²⁺	-0.536	0.579	0.449	0.649
累积贡献率(%)	53.275	74.056	46.481	74.056

来源	δ¹⁵N-NO₃^-(‰)	δ¹⁸O-NO₃^-(‰)
降雨	-13~13	25~75
粪便及废水	4~25	-5~10
土壤氮	-3~8	-10~10
还原性氮肥	-6~6	-10~10

The sources and fate of nitrogen in groundwater under different land use types: Stable isotope combined with a hydrochemical approach

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