2000-2017年河龙区间输沙量锐减归因分析

doi:10.11821/dlxb201909004

Abstract

Abstract:

Since 2000, the amount of sediment loads in the Yellow River has decreased sharply. It is of great practical significance to scientifically understand the reasons for the sediment load change in the Yellow River. This study selected the Hekou-Longmen (HL) section, which consists of main sand producing areas of the Yellow River, as the study region, analyzed the sediment discharge change trend, constructed the calculation method of the contribution rate for the sediment reduction of major soil and water conservation measures, such as terraces, check dams, and vegetation, and expounded the reasons of sediment load reduction on the HL section since 2000. The main results were as follows: (1) From 1952 to 2017, there was no significant change of annual precipitation in the HL section, and the annual runoff and annual sediment load both showed an extremely significant (p < 0.001) declining trend. (2) The two mutation years for sediment load reduction in the HL section were in 1979 and 1999, respectively. The average annual sediment loads decreased from 9.30×10 ⁸ t during 1952-1979, to 4.20×10 ⁸ t during 1980-1999, it was, and in 2000-2017, it dropped to 1.03×10 ⁸ t, a decrease of 89%. (3) Influenced by vegetation and terraces, the amount of soil erosion on the slope of the HL section decreased year by year from 2000 to 2015, changing from 1.90×10 ⁸ t to 5.13×10 ⁸ t, and the average annual sediment reduction of check dams from 2000 to 2011 was 1.38×10 ⁸ t. (4) Vegetation restoration was the main reason for the reduction of sediment loads in the HL section, with a contribution rate of 54%. Terraces and check dams, and reservoir and water diversion contributed 34%, and 12%, respectively. (5) Vegetation restoration mainly led to reduced runoff sediments, while check dam construction played a major part in reducing the sediment transport ratio of the basin. According to the changing trend of sediment load, countermeasures are put forward.

Key words: Hekou-Longmen section, sediment load, ecological construction, contribution rate of sediment reduction

GAO Haidong, LIU Han, JIA Lianlian, PANG Guowei, WANG Jie. Attribution analysis of precipitous decrease of sediment loads in the Hekou-Longmen section of Yellow River since 2000[J].Acta Geographica Sinica, 2019, 74(9): 1745-1757.

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References 29

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时段	年均降水量(mm)	年均径流量(亿m³)	年均输沙量(亿t)
P1(1952-1979年)	477	66.50	9.30
P2(1980-1999年)	437	39.34	4.20
P3(2000-2017年)	448	21.63	1.03

年份	植被影响下的坡面年土壤侵蚀量(亿t)	梯田比(%)	梯田减沙贡献率(%)	植被和梯田共同作用下的坡面年土壤侵蚀量(亿t)
2000	3.97	6.92	14.02	3.42
2001	5.83	6.42	11.96	5.13
2002	5.82	6.61	12.74	5.08
2003	5.38	6.80	13.51	4.65
2004	3.92	7.25	15.42	3.32
2005	3.39	7.94	18.52	2.76
2006	3.80	8.05	18.98	3.08
2007	4.06	7.43	16.22	3.40
2008	3.13	8.13	19.38	2.53
2009	3.69	8.31	20.22	2.94
2010	3.17	8.32	20.27	2.52
2011	3.09	9.02	23.54	2.36
2012	3.59	8.13	19.39	2.90
2013	4.09	8.16	19.50	3.29
2014	2.61	9.78	27.21	1.90
2015	2.90	9.53	25.99	2.15

流域(水文站)	NDVI与Q	NDVI与S	NDVI与Cs
皇甫川(皇甫)	0.116	-0.215	-0.657^*
孤山川(高石崖)	-0.015	-0.626*	-0.897^**
窟野河(温家川)	0.390	-0.645*	-0.783^**
秃尾河(高家川)	-0.537^*	-0.454	-0.439
佳芦河(申家湾)	0.402	0.161	-0.166
无定河(白家川)	0.556^*	-0.404	-0.479
清涧河(延川)	-0.045	-0.280	-0.448
延河(甘谷驿)	0.112	-0.332	-0.504

流域	项目	1965-1979年	1980-1999年	2000-2011年
皇甫川	输沙量	0.61	0.34	0.08
	拦沙量	0.03	0.05	0.09
	泥沙输移比	0.95	0.87	0.47
孤山川	输沙量	0.29	0.12	0.02
	拦沙量	0.02	0.03	0.02
	泥沙输移比	0.94	0.80	0.50
佳芦河	输沙量	0.25	0.06	0.02
	拦沙量	0.11	0.11	0.05
	泥沙输移比	0.69	0.38	0.29
大理河	输沙量	0.51	0.22	0.19
	拦沙量	0.15	0.25	0.19
	泥沙输移比	0.77	0.47	0.50

Attribution analysis of precipitous decrease of sediment loads in the Hekou-Longmen section of Yellow River since 2000

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