大别山贫困区旅游地社会—生态系统脆弱性时空演变与影响机理

doi:10.11821/dlxb201908013

Abstract

Abstract:

Tourism's socio-ecological vulnerability is mainly composed of social, economic, and ecological subsystems and the related changing elements from tourism development. It is an integrated manifestation of social vulnerability, economic vulnerability and ecological vulnerability. The paper, taking nine counties in the Dabie Mountain Area as case studies, proposes a socio-ecological vulnerability theoretical framework and comprehensive evaluation index combining the Social-Economic-Environment (SEE) model and the Pressure-State-Response (PSR) model. It explores the spatio-temporal evolution and mechanism that influences vulnerability in impoverished mountainous areas. Conclusions are drawn as follows: (1) During the period 2009-2016, the regional system vulnerability composite index fluctuated, declining from 0.52 to 0.41. The index for the economic subsystem continued to decline, and the index for the social and ecological subsystem kept stable. The contribution to a composite index for a regional system reached 76%, and the regional system had a relatively low degree of vulnerability and tended toward a positive direction. (2) The value of low vulnerability counties fluctuated and declined, and the coefficient of variation is lower, while the value of high vulnerability counties in 2013 began to decrease gradually and evolved into a lower degree of vulnerability; the coefficient of variation is larger. For the entire region, the spatial differences of vulnerability in the county experienced a wave-shaped dynamic change. Finally, the differences reached the minimum in 2013, which led to an aggravation of regional differences. (3) The main factors affecting tourism socio-ecological vulnerability have already changed from the growth of tourism income, the proportion of industrial added value in GDP, the urban-rural income gap, the proportion of tourism income to GDP, and the ratio of agricultural acreage to the density of the tourism economy and tourists, and the population urbanization rate. Entire regional vulnerability has already evolved from state-dominated to pressure-dominated.

Key words: tourism socio-ecological system, vulnerability, Dabie Mountain Area

WANG Qun, YIN Mahua, YANG Xingzhu, YAO Zhaozhao. Spatio-temporal evolution and impact mechanism of socio-ecological system vulnerability in poor mountainous tourist distinations: Taking Dabie Mountain Area as example[J].Acta Geographica Sinica, 2019, 74(8): 1663-1679.

Figures/Tables 8

Fig. 1

Tab. 1

Evaluation index system of vulnerability in impoverished mountainous areas TSESs based on SEE-PSR

系统层	准则层	指标层	指标释义与影响性质	权重
社会脆弱性(SVI)	压力(SP)	人口密度V1(人/km²)	衡量系统人口压力(+)	0.0300
		人口自然增长率V2(‰)	衡量系统人口压力增长速率(+)	0.0199
		游客密度V3(人次/km²)	衡量系统游客压力(+)	0.0287
		游客数量增长率V4(%)	衡量系统游客压力增长速率(+)	0.0279
		城镇化率V5(%)	衡量系统城镇化进程(+)	0.0425
	状态(SS)	旅游者与当地居民比V6	衡量系统人口结构(+)	0.0274
		城乡收入差距比V7	衡量系统城乡平衡问题(+)	0.0320
		净流出人口V8(10⁴人)	衡量系统人口流失(+)	0.0232
		乡村从业人数V9(10⁴人)	衡量乡村就业条件(-)	0.0236
	响应(SR)	地方财政支出V10(10⁸元)	衡量社会财政支出力度(-)	0.0228
		教育支出占GDP比重V11(%)	衡量教育扶持力度(-)	0.0200
		医院床位数V12(个)	衡量医疗基础设施(-)	0.0302
		道路密度V13(km/km²)	衡量交通基础设施(-)	0.0197
经济脆弱性(EcVI)	压力(EcP)	旅游经济密度V14(亿元/km²)	衡量系统旅游经济压力(+)	0.0306
		旅游收入增长率V15(%)	衡量旅游经济压力增长速率(+)	0.0453
		第三产业增长率V16(%)	衡量第三产业带来的压力(+)	0.0244
	状态(EcS)	旅游总收入V17(10⁸元)	衡量系统旅游效益状况(-)	0.0237
		旅游总收入占GDP比重V18(%)	衡量地方经济旅游依存度(*)	0.0407
		农林牧渔增加值占GDP比重V19(%)	衡量农业在国民经济中的地位(*)	0.0374
		规以上工业增加值占GDP比重V20(%)	衡量中大型资本在国民经济中的作用(*)	0.0385
	响应(EcR)	经济总量V21(10⁸元)	衡量地方整体经济实力(-)	0.0237
		地方财政总收入V22(10⁸元)	衡量地方政府经济实力(-)	0.0212
		固定资产投资额V23(10⁸元)	衡量资本投资额度(-)	0.0200
		人均可支配收入V24(元)	衡量居民可支配收入水平(-)	0.0211
		旅游拉动率V25(%)	衡量旅游对其他产业的拉动作用(-)	0.0203
		产业结构多样化指数V26	衡量产业结构平衡问题(-)	0.0184
生态脆弱性(EnVI)	压力(EnP)	社会消费品零售总额V27(10⁴元)	衡量系统消费品消耗压力(+)	0.0238
		乡村总人口V28(10⁴人)	衡量系统乡村生态环境压力(+)	0.0288
		农药使用量V29(t)	衡量农药对农业生态环境的影响(+)	0.0234
		化肥施用量V30(kg/hm²)	衡量化肥对农业生态环境的影响(+)	0.0227
	状态(EnS)	空气质量优良率V31(%)	衡量系统空气质量(-)	0.0314
		化肥产出率V32(kg/kg)	衡量化肥对土壤的污染程度(-)	0.0211
		森林覆盖率V33(%)	衡量系统森林条件(-)	0.0294
	响应(EnR)	人工造林面积V34(km²)	衡量系统生态环境改善力度(-)	0.0212
		环保支出占GDP比重V35(%)	衡量系统生态环境保护力度(-)	0.0230
		耕地所占比率V36(%)	衡量系统土地资源丰度(-)	0.0343
		单位面积粮食产量V37(kg/hm²)	衡量系统粮食生产力(-)	0.0273

Tab. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

Tab. 2

Fig. 6

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Spatio-temporal evolution and impact mechanism of socio-ecological system vulnerability in poor mountainous tourist distinations: Taking Dabie Mountain Area as example

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县(市)	2009-2013年前5位障碍因子					2014-2016年前5位障碍因子
县(市)	第一障碍	第二障碍	第三障碍	第四障碍	第五障碍	第一障碍	第二障碍	第三障碍	第四障碍	第五障碍
金寨县	V18	V15	V36	V7	V20	V31	V5	V1	V14	V3
岳西县	V20	V18	V36	V7	V15	V5	V11	V14	V3	V6
潜山县	V20	V18	V36	V12	V7	V5	V31	V1	V14	V3
太湖县	V18	V36	V20	V15	V12	V14	V5	V3	V19	V6
商城县	V20	V5	V12	V19	V7	V20	V31	V14	V37	V5
红安县	V18	V15	V36	V7	V20	V20	V15	V14	V28	V3
罗田县	V19	V7	V18	V12	V33	V18	V20	V14	V28	V3
英山县	V19	V20	V7	V12	V17	V20	V18	V19	V36	V14
麻城市	V20	V7	V28	V36	V15	V18	V14	V6	V3	V8

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