基于景观生态风险评价的宁江流域景观格局优化

doi:10.11821/dlxb201907011

Abstract

Abstract:

The ecological risks facing the landscape in the Ningjiang River Basin are influenced by multiple parameters. Landscape optimization is an effective way to assess the detrimental effects on the ecosystem. In this study, an integrated "natural-social-landscape" landscape ecological risk assessment system was produced, and the landscape ecological risk classification of the Ningjiang River Basin was based on spatial principal component analysis. Ecological resistance surfaces were constructed using the results of the landscape ecological risk analysis. The landscape resistance surfaces were produced based on the minimum cumulative resistance model (MCR). The results show that human activity and landscape patterns had a more significant influence on the final risk assessment than natural factors do, such as terrain and distance from water. The landscape ecological risk was generally high, and the high ecology risk region covered 523.99 km ², constituting the largest area and accounting for 36.06% of the research area. With the aim of decreasing the landscape ecological risk of the Ningjiang River Basin, areas of forestland greater than 50 km ² and areas of water greater than 0.2 km ² were selected as the eco-sources. Using interlinked points, lines and surfaces, a regional ecological network was constructed out of 15 ecological corridors. The length of the first level corridors was greater than 30000 m, the length of second level corridors was between 10000 m and 30000 m, and the length of the third level corridors was less than 10000 m. A total of 19 ecological nodes were produced. The landscape connectivity was significantly improved following landscape pattern optimization. The results of this study may help improve the ecological stability level in the study area and provide a scientific basis for both landscape ecological risk assessment and landscape pattern optimization research.

Key words: landscape ecological risk assessment, landscape pattern optimization, spatial principal component analysis, minimum cumulative resistance model, Ningjiang River Basin

LI Qingpu,ZHANG Zhengdong,WAN Luwen,YANG Chuanxun,ZHANG Jie,YE Chen,CHEN Yuchan. Landscape pattern optimization in Ningjiang River Basin based on landscape ecological risk assessment[J].Acta Geographica Sinica, 2019, 74(7): 1420-1437.

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评价层次	评价因子	指标分级	分级标准	参考文献
自然环境因素	坡度(^o)	1	0~8	[30]
		2	8~15
		3	15~25
		4	> 25
	海拔(m)	1	0~170	[30]
		2	170~292
		3	292~469
		4	469~914
	土壤类型	1	中性紫色土	[31]
		2	页红壤、麻赤红壤、赤红壤、麻红壤、片赤红壤、侵蚀赤红壤
		3	潴育水稻土
		4	页黄壤、麻赤黄壤、麻红黄壤、麻黄壤
	距水体距离(m)	1	0~1000	[32]
		2	1000~2000
		3	2000~3000
		4	≥ 3000
人类社会因素	距居民点距离(m)	1	≥ 600	[33]
		2	400~600
		3	200~400
		4	0~200
	距工业用地距离(m)	1	≥ 4500	[34]
		2	3000~4500
		3	1500~3000
		4	0~1500
	距城镇用地距离(m)	1	≥ 3000	[34]
		2	2000~3000
		3	1000~2000
		4	0~1000
景观格局因素	土地利用类型	1	有林地、其他林地、疏林地、灌木林、水库坑塘、湖泊、高覆盖度草地	[32]
		2	水田、中覆盖度草地、河渠
		3	旱地、滩涂、滩地
		4	沙地、裸地、城镇建设用地、农村居民点、工矿建设用地
	香农均匀度指数(SHEI)	1	0.75~1	[36]
		2	0.5~0.75
		3	0.25~0.5
		4	0~0.25
		1	75~100	[37]
	蔓延度指数(CONTAG)(%)	2	50~75
		3	25~50
		4	0~25

阻力等级	累积阻力值
1	0~2981
2	2981~6987
3	6987~12112
4	> 12112

廊道等级	廊道长度(m)
1	≥ 30000
2	10000~30000
3	< 10000

生态节点等级	分级标准
1	位于一级生态廊道与阻力脊线交点
2	位于二级生态廊道与阻力脊线交点
3	位于三级生态廊道与阻力脊线交点

评价维度	评价指标	主成分
评价维度	评价指标	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10
自然环境	坡度	-0.424	0.442	0.029	0.215	-0.498	-0.146	0.547	0.013	-0.098	0.005
	海拔	-0.747	-0.056	0.116	0.289	0.217	0.244	0.081	-0.052	0.329	0.344
	土壤类型	0.376	0.647	0.017	0.357	-0.127	-0.184	-0.341	-0.264	0.268	-0.062
	距水体距离	-0.249	0.379	0.629	0.048	0.435	-0.334	-0.043	0.285	-0.111	-0.032
人类社会	距居民点距离	0.815	0.043	0.068	-0.018	-0.234	-0.123	-0.083	0.193	-0.103	0.452
	距工业用地距离	0.186	0.416	0.419	-0.445	-0.182	0.601	0.005	0.087	0.117	-0.055
	距城镇用地距离	0.557	0.220	-0.031	0.387	0.407	0.373	0.225	-0.213	-0.301	0.022
景观格局	土地利用类型	0.725	-0.088	-0.162	0.145	0.176	-0.049	0.365	0.311	0.372	-0.130
	香农均匀度指数	-0.379	0.409	-0.615	0.170	0.023	0.226	-0.249	0.398	-0.100	-0.011
	蔓延度指数	-0.043	0.462	-0.409	-0.615	0.33	-0.216	0.186	-0.170	0.056	0.132

Landscape pattern optimization in Ningjiang River Basin based on landscape ecological risk assessment

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Figures/Tables 15

References 59

Related Articles 7

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生态风险	等级	面积(km²)	面积占比例(%)
轻度景观生态风险	1	120.96	8.33
中度景观生态风险	2	496.34	34.16
较高景观生态风险	3	523.99	36.06
高度景观生态风险	4	311.65	21.45

生态廊道分级	编号	廊道长度(m)	廊道类型
一级廊道	1	36294.86	河流型
二级廊道	2	10740.43	绿带型(新增)
	3	11150.76	绿带型(新增)
	4	12784.50	绿带型
	5	14508.02	道路型
	6	14711.96	道路型
	7	15318.93	绿带型
三级廊道	8	6406.72	道路型
	9	6534.74	绿带型(新增)
	10	6944.76	绿带型(新增)
	11	7018.76	道路型
	12	7949.50	绿带型(新增)
	13	8159.47	绿带型(新增)
	14	8493.98	道路型
	15	9953.15	绿带型(新增)

评价指标	优化前	优化后	变化率(%)
整体景观连通指数(IIC)	0.003478	0.008275	137.9241
景观一致性概率(LCP)	0.003486	0.008349	139.5009

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主成分	特征值	贡献率(%)	累积贡献率(%)
1	3.359	89.372	89.372
2	3.995	10.628	100