基于GIS与地理探测器的岩溶槽谷石漠化空间分布及驱动因素分析

doi:10.11821/dlxb201905014

Abstract

Abstract:

：The rocky desertification in the karst area is becoming the third largest ecological problem in western China following desertification, as well as soil and water loss. In recent years, rocky desertification in the karst trough valley is increasing seriously, and puts more and more pressure on the environment. Therefore, by GIS spatial analysis functions and geodetector models, this paper aims to explore the spatial distribution of rocky desertification in different gradients and its driving factors based on rock desertification, lithology, slope, elevation, rainfall, land use, population density and the total output value of primary industry in the valley. The results are as follows: (1) The total rocky desertification area in the karst trough area is 21, 323.7 km ², accounting for 8.3% of the land area in the study area; of which the light, moderate and severe rocky desertification areas are 11, 894.8 km ², 8615.8 km ² and 813.1 km ², respectively, accounting for 55.8%, 40.4% and 3.8% of the desertified area. (2) From the spatial distribution, rocky desertification mainly occurs in the continuous limestone, and the light, moderate and severe rocky desertification areas respectively account for 22.1%, 22.4% and 1.9% of the corresponding rocky desertification types in the trough area; Rocky desertification in the trough area mainly occurs in the gradient range of 15° to 25°, and the light, moderate, and severe rocky desertification areas account for 27.1%, 18.2% and 2.3% of the corresponding rocky desertification in the trough area, respectively; From the elevation, it is mainly distributed in the range of 400-800 m, and the areas of rocky desertification with light, moderate, and severe erosion grades account for 24.9%, 18.4% and 0.2% of the corresponding rocky desertification area in the trough area, respectively; From the land use type, it mainly occurs in upland mountains; From the population density, it concentrates in areas with 100-200 persons/km ²; From the total output value of primary industry, it concentrates in areas with 2.5-50 billion. (3) The factor detectors of geographical detectors revealed that the lithology, land use, and slope are the main driving factors for the formation of rocky desertification in the trough region. Interactive detectors further revealed that the lithology and land use types (q = 0.85) together with slopes and land use types (q = 0.75) drive the formation of rocky desertification in the trough area.

Key words: karst trough valley, rocky desertification, spatial analysis, driving factors, geographic detector

WANG Zhengxiong,JIANG Yongjun,ZHANG Yuanzhu,DUAN Shihui,LIU Jiuchan,ZENG Ze,ZENG Sibo. Spatial distribution and driving factors of karst rocky desertification based on GIS and geodetectors[J].Acta Geographica Sinica, 2019, 74(5): 1025-1039.

Figures/Tables 14

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References 41

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岩性类型 (面积/km²)	轻度石漠化 (km²)	中度石漠化 (km²)	重度石漠 (km²)	石漠化总面积(km²)	发生率 (%)
连续性灰岩(39995.2)	4722.9(39.7%)	4771(55.4%)	412.9(50.8%)	9906.8	24.8
连续性白云岩(19153.2)	1383.3(11.6%)	986.5(11.4%)	228.5(28.1%)	2598.3	16.1
灰岩与白云岩互层(23568.7)	1860.8(15.6%)	1250.5(14.5%)	82.1(10.1%)	3193.4	12.0
碳酸盐岩夹碎屑岩(49402.8)	3927.8(33.1%)	1607.8(18.7%)	89.6(11.0%)	5625.2	11.4
总计(132119.9)	11894.8(100%)	8615.8(100%)	813.1(100%)	21323.7	16.1

坡度(°) (面积/km²)	轻度石漠化 (km²)	中度石漠化 (km²)	重度石漠 (km²)	石漠化总面积 (km²)	发生率 (%)
0~8(21096.1)	1048.5(8.8%)	765.1(8.9%)	47.8(5.9%)	1861.4	8.8
8~15(36956.2)	3520.4(29.6%)	2584.2(30.0%)	230.9(28.4%)	6335.5	17.1
15~25(44495.3)	5780(48.6%)	3899.9(45.2%)	495(60.9%)	10174.9	22.9
> 25(29572.3)	1545.9(13.0%)	1366.6(15.9%)	39.4(4.8%)	2951.9	10.0
总计(132119.9)	11894.8(100%)	8615.8(100%)	813.1(100%)	21323.7	16.1

海拔(m) (面积/km²)	轻度石漠化 (km²)	中度石漠化 (km²)	重度石漠 (km²)	石漠化总面积 (km²)	发生率 (%)
0~400(51526.7)	2048.6(17.2%)	865.1(10.0%)	47.8(5.9%)	2961.5	5.7
400~800(27745.2)	5299.6(44.6%)	3922.9(45.5%)	563.8(63.3%)	9786.3	35.3
800~1200(35672.4)	3520.5(29.6%)	2642.2(30.7%)	165.6(20.4%)	7586.0	21.3
> 1200(17175.6)	1026.1(8.6%)	1185.6(13.8%)	35.9(4.4%)	2247.6	13.1
总计(132119.9)	11894.8(100%)	8615.8(100%)	813.1(100%)	21323.7	16.1

降雨量(mm)(面积/km²)	轻度石漠化 (km²)	中度石漠化 (km²)	重度石漠化 (km²)	石漠化总面积 (km²)	发生率 (%)
800~1000(31708.4)	1605.8(13.5%)	1852.4(21.5%)	158.6(19.5%)	3616.8	11.4
1000~1200(47564.1)	2533.6(21.3%)	3325.6(38.6%)	289.5(35.6%)	6148.7	12.9
1200~1400(32011.4)	5780.9(48.6%)	2007.5(23.3%)	221.9(27.3%)	8010.3	25.0
> 1400(20835.9)	1974.5(16.6%)	1430.2(16.6%)	143.1(17.6%)	3547.8	17.0
总计(132119.9)	11894.8(100%)	8615.8(100%)	813.1(100%)	21323.7	16.1

土地利用方式 (面积/km²)	轻度石漠化 (km²)	中度石漠化 (km²)	重度石漠化 (km²)	石漠化总面积 km²	发生率 (%)
耕地(28515.8)	5900.4(49.6%)	4795.6(55.7%)	164.2(20.1%)	10165.6	38.1
林地(61669.1)	1881(15.8%)	683.3(7.9%)	469.6(57.8%)	2728.5	1.9
草地(29009.1)	2080.2(17.5%)	996.7(11.6%)	85.3(10.5%)	3162.2	4.9
未利用地(12925.9)	2033.2(17.1%)	2140.2(24.8%)	94.1(11.6%)	5267.4	33.0
总计(132119.9)	11894.8(100%)	8615.8(100%)	813.1(100%)	22141.7	16.8

Spatial distribution and driving factors of karst rocky desertification based on GIS and geodetectors

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References 41

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人口密度(人/km²) (面积/km²)	轻度石漠化 (km²)	中度石漠化 (km²)	重度石漠化 (km²)	石漠化总面积	发生率 (%)
0~100(36993.6)	2789.3(23.5%)	2869.2(33.3%)	141.5(17.4%)	5800.1	15.7
100~200(38314.8)	5654.8(47.5%)	3868.4(44.9%)	341.3(42.0%)	9864.5	25.7
200~300(39636.0)	1905.4(16.0%)	1758.1(20.4%)	102.8(12.6%)	3766.3	9.5
> 300(17175.6)	1545.3(13.0%)	120.0(1.4%)	227.5(28.0%)	1892.8	11.0
总计(132119.9)	11894.8(100%)	8615.8(100%)	813.1(100%)	21323.7	16.1

第一产业总值(亿元) (面积/km²)	轻度石漠化 (km²)	中度石漠化 (km²)	重度石漠化 (km²)	石漠化总面积	发生率 (%)
0~10(47260.2)	2080.2(17.5%)	996.7(11.6%)	84.3(10.3%)	3161.2	6.7
10~25(45223.8)	2921.6(24.6%)	1683.3(19.5%)	269.6(33.2%)	4874.5	10.8
25~50(20294.3)	3033.2(25.5%)	2288.6(26.6%)	95(11.7%)	5416.8	24.7
> 50(19341.6)	3859.8(32.4%)	3647.2(42.3%)	364.2(44.8%)	7871.2	28.0
总计(132119.9)	11894.8(100%)	8615.8(100%)	813.1(100%)	20323.7	16.10

	岩性	坡度	海拔高度	年均降量	人口密度	土地利用	第一产业总值
坡度	0.21	0
海拔高度	0.47	0.27	0
年均降雨	0.15	0.14	0.32	0
人口密度	0.35	0.34	0.27	0.15	0
土地利用	0.85	0.75	0.26	0.34	0.32	0
第一产业总值	0.14	0.19	0.15	0.18	0.34	0.28	0

岩性	土地利用 (km²)	轻度石漠化 (km²)	中度石漠化 (km²)	重度石漠化 (km²)	总计 (km²)	石漠化发生率(%)
连续性灰岩	耕地(12024.1)	1216.3(16.4%)	1629.2(13.5%)	196.9(1.6%)	3042.4	31.6
	林地(10288.7)	23.1(0.2%)	5.9(0.1%)	0.1(0%)	29	0.3
	草地(12232.1)	1977.8(9.9%)	960.5(7.9%)	39.0(0.3%)	2977.2	18.1
	未利用地(5450.4)	1121.3(20.6%)	258.9(4.8%)	16.6(0.3%)	1396.8	25.6
小计	39995.2	4338.4(36.5%)	2854.4(33.1%)	252.6(31.1%)	7445.4	15.7
连续性白云岩	耕地(4133.9)	1548.3(37.5%)	960.5(23.2%)	98.5(2.4%)	2607.3	17.0
	林地(8940.1)	75.5(0.6%)	5.8(0.1%)	1.7(0.2%)	83	0.3
	草地(4205.3)	441.8(10.5%)	213.0(5.1%)	29.0(3.6%)	683.7	4.4
	未利用地(1873.9)	870.1(7.3%)	750.4(8.7%)	59.4(7.3%)	1679.9	24.2
小计	19153.2	2935.8(15.3%)	1929.7(10.1%)	188.5(1.0%)	5054	10.7
灰岩与白云岩互层	耕地(5086.9)	1396.7(11.7%)	1015.9(11.8)	120.3(14.8%)	2533	18.1
	林地(11001.1)	0.8(0%)	5.1(0.1%)	1.9(0.2%)	7.8	0.0
	草地(5174.9)	524.2(4.4%)	203.8(2.4%)	13.4(1.6%)	741.4	5.8
	未利用地(2305.9)	757.7(6.4%)	338.5(3.4%)	84.7(10.4%)	1181	20.7
小计	23568.7	2679.4(22.5%)	1563.3(18.1%)	220.4(27.1%)	4463.1	9.3
碳酸盐岩夹碎屑岩	耕地(10662.8)	1054.9(9.9%)	923.3(8.7%)	82.9(0.8%)	2061.2	19.3
	林地(23059.5)	18.1(0.2%)	12.1(0.1%)	0.0(0%)	30.2	0.1
	草地(10847.2)	397.9(3.3%)	419.5(4.9%)	28.4(3.5%)	845.8	6.1
	未利用地(4833.3)	470.3(9.7%)	913.5(18.9%)	40.2(0.8%)	1424	22.9
小计	49402.8	1941.2(3.9%)	2268.4(4.6%)	151.6(0.3%)	4361.2	8.8

坡度	土地利用 (km²)	轻度石漠化 (km²)	中度石漠化 (km²)	重度石漠化 (km²)	总计 (km²)	石漠化发生率(%)
0~8°	耕地(4591.7)	334.1(7.3%)	82.5(1.8%)	17.0(2.1%)	758.3	9.4
	林地(9602.7)	151.6(1.6%)	156.5(1.8%)	4.9(0.6%)	547.7	0.3
	草地(4666.3)	167.9(2.2%)	101.1(1.2%)	7.2(0.9%)	583.1	5.9
	未利用地(2235.3)	265.4(2.2%)	175.1(2.0%)	39.8(1.3%)	789.4	17.6
小计	21096.1	919.1(7.7%)	515.2(6.0%)	100.7(12.4%)	2678.5	7.0
8°~15o	耕地(7752.5)	580.5(7.5%)	327.1(4.2%)	38.4(0.5%)	1653.5	12.2
	林地(18670.2)	212.6(1.1%)	181.3(1%)	16.6(0.1%)	717.1	1.9
	草地(7914.9)	539.6(4.7%)	342.3(4.0%)	72.0(8.9%)	1663.5	10.5
	未利用地(2618.5)	411.3(3.5%)	219.4(2.5%)	26.2(3.2%)	1148.3	21.8
小计	36956.2	1744.0(14.7%)	1070.2(12.4%)	153.3(18.9)	5182.4	7.0
15°~25o	耕地(10786.7)	981.2(9.1%)	667.3(6.2%)	31.0(0.3%)	2938.9	15.6
	林地(17952.9)	411.5(3.5%)	556.8(6.5%)	19.1(2.3%)	1726.4	4.1
	草地(10976.8)	496.5(4.2%)	294.7(3.4%)	15.4(1.9%)	1411.5	7.2
	未利用地(4778.9)	564.5(4.7%)	581.0(6.7%)	59.7(7.3%)	2104.1	24.7
小计	44495.3	2453.8(20.6%)	2099.8(24.4%)	125.1(15.4%)	8180.9	9.2
坡度	土地利用 (km²)	轻度石漠化 (km²)	中度石漠化 (km²)	重度石漠化 (km²)	总计 (km²)	石漠化发生率(%)
> 25°	耕地(1525.0)	679.7(6.1%)	430.0(5.2%)	30.5(0.2%)	1994.3	15.5
	林地(17185.3)	307.0(1.8%)	209.4(1.2%)	10.2(0.1%)	921.4	3.1
	草地(6154.0)	424.6(3.6%)	299.8(3.5%)	20.9(2.6%)	1303.2	10.0
	未利用地(3707.3)	249.9(2.1%)	306.3(3.6%)	54.2(6.7%)	1062.9	17.9
小计	28571.6	1661.2(14.0%)	1245.5(9.5%)	115.8(14.2%)	5281.9	8.9

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