1978年以来广州市居民职住地选择行为时空特征与影响因素的代际差异

doi:10.11821/dlxb201904010

Abstract

Abstract:

The housing and employment system in urban China has experienced profound transformations in the late 1980s and 1990s. Thus, individual daily behavior and its trajectory in life process have been reshaped and changed. However, previous studies barely focused on the feedback interaction of home-work behavior among different generations, especially beyond Chinese policy transition. Based on the intergenerational difference theory and the perspective of time geography, this paper combines individual jobs-housing course and inter-generational issue to analyze the spatio-temporal characteristics and structural differences of living and working behavior among different generations. These generations were born either before the reform of employment and housing system in 1988 or after in 1998. Through the analysis of the questionnaire, the main results are as follows. (1) Considering the migration of residence, all generations tend to move out from the old city area, and the migration of work places surrounds two city centers, forming a transition process from core area of old city to the suburbs. (2) The average commuting distance increased from 4.91 km to 6.46 km, while the work places and residences of post-1990s' changes much more than those of other age groups, who have suffered higher jobs-housing separation. (3) The commercialization and socialization of housing have greatly increased the freedom of individual residence and job choices after removing residents' house restrictions. In 1998-2016, the rates of post-1960s' and post-1970s' housing change increased to 113.16% and 112.33%, while the rates of their employment place change increased to 148.68% and 197.26%, which are higher compared with before housing reform. (4) The residence time decrease obviously due to the mobility of occupation, with a most obvious change among post-1960s from 14.43 years before 1988 to 5.43 years after 1998. Besides, and the staying in employment place decreased from 12.43 years to 3.95 years. The staying time of post-1980s and post-1990s was much shorter as well after 1988 while that of post-1970s was relatively long. (5) The influences of housing price, marital status, education, welfare house and laid-off status, etc. in capability constraints, coupling constraints and authority constraints are different among different generations on both living and working place migration. However, children's attendance at school and colleagues relationship in combined constraints have no significant different influences between groups on working place migration.

Key words: home-work location change, intergenerational differences, time geography, Guangzhou, space-time

Rongping LIN, Suhong ZHOU, Xiaopei YAN. Intergenerational differences of spatio-temporal characteristics and influencing factors of home-work location changes since 1978: Empirical analysis based on the micro-survey in Guangzhou, China[J].Acta Geographica Sinica, 2019, 74(4): 753-769.

Figures/Tables 10

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	居住地变迁	备注	就业地变迁	备注
能力制约	家庭总人口	人口数	学历	1：小学;2：初中;3：高中;4：中专/中技/职高;5：大专;6：大学本科;7：研究生以上
	房价/租金便宜	1：是;0：否	职务	1：专业及科研人员;2：教师;3：高级管理人员;4：中级管理人员;5：低级管理人员;6：科员/办事人员;7：技术工人;8：非技术工人及一般体力劳动者;9：服务员;10：个体户;11：散工;12：其他
	想拥有自己的房子	1：是;0：否	单位性质	1：机关单位;2：事业单位;3：集体单位;4：国有企业;5：私营企业;6：个体;7：其他
	居住地周边设施完善,生活便利	1：是;0：否	离住所太远	1：是;0：否
	居住地交通方便	1：是;0：否	工作前景	1：有;0：无
	居住地比较安全	1：是;0：否	工资太低	1：是;0：否
组合制约	与家人上班方便	1：是;0：否	配偶工作调动	1：是;0：否
	结婚	1：是;0：否	子女上学	1：是;0：否
	子女上学	1：是;0：否	与同事或领导关系不好	1：是;0：否
权威制约	拆迁安置	1：是;0：否	单位内部调动	1：是;0：否
	福利分房	1：是;0：否	原单位搬迁	1：是;0：否
			下岗	1：是;0：否

属性		样本数	比例(%)	属性		样本数	比例(%)
性别	男	414	50.36	婚姻状况	未婚	213	25.91
性别	女	408	49.64		已婚	608	73.97
年龄(岁)	90后(18~26)	124	15.09		离异/丧偶	1	0.12
	80后(27~36)	327	39.78	个人月收入(元)	1000~1499	2	0.24
	70后(37~46)	219	26.64		1500~2999	30	3.65
	60后(47~56)	152	18.49		3000~4999	291	35.40
家庭总人口(人)	1	5	0.61		5000~6999	301	36.62
	2	44	5.35	7000~8999		117	14.23
	3	658	80.05	9000~12000		31	3.77
	4	59	7.18	12000以上		50	6.08
	> 4	56	6.81	单位性质	机关单位	10	1.22
教育程度	小学	3	0.36	单位性质	事业单位	39	4.74
	初中	36	4.38	集体单位		104	12.65
	高中	173	21.05	国有企业		91	11.07
	中专/中技/职高	145	17.64	私营企业		498	60.58
	大专	293	35.64	个体		72	8.76
	大学本科	169	20.56	其他		8	0.97
	研究生	3	0.36

居住地		60后	70后	80后	90后	就业地		60后	70后	80后	90后
未变迁(%)		17.76	18.72	22.94	40.32	未变迁(%)		23.68	22.83	42.81	79.84
1978-1987	变迁率(%)	6.58 (10)				1978-1987	变迁率(%)	24.34 (37)
1978-1987	驻留时长(年)	14.43				1978-1987	驻留时长(年)	12.43
1988-1997	变迁率(%)	38.82(59)	22.37(49)			1988-1997	变迁率(%)	58.55 (89)	48.86 (107)
1988-1997	驻留时长(年)	9.36	9.94			1988-1997	驻留时长(年)	8.12	7.70
1998-2016	变迁率(%)	113.16(172)	112.33(246)	94.50(309)	69.35(86)	1998-2016	变迁率(%)	148.68(226)	197.26(432)	207.03(677)	129.03(160)
1998-2016	驻留时长(年)	5.43	6.75	3.92	1.91	1998-2016	驻留时长(年)	3.95	4.54	2.30	1.31

			60后	70后	80后	90后
职住地空间特征	居住地变迁		分布趋势一致,各代际迁移距离分布相对均匀			近距离比例高
	就业地变迁		相对分散分布,距离分布不均			近距离比例高
	职住地距离		长距离,分散	短距离向长距离转变	集中于7 km内
职住地时间特征	变迁率	1978-1987年	低	/	/	/
		1988-1997年	较低	较低	/	/
		1998-2016年	高	高	高	较高
	驻留时长	1978-1987年	长	/	/	/
		1988-1997年	较长	较长	/	/
		1998-2016年	短	短	短	短

	居住地变迁	卡方	就业地变迁	卡方
能力制约	家庭总人口	2.342	学历	88.326^***
	房价(租金)便宜	8.509^**	职务	5.519
	想拥有自己的房子	2.328	单位性质	0.525
	居住地周边设施完善,生活便利	5.612	离住所太远	1.595
	居住地交通方便	3.944	工作前景	1.730
	居住地比较安全	8.925^**	工资太低	7.265^*
组合制约	与家人上班方便	1.904	配偶工作调动	0.433
	结婚	17.843^***	子女上学	1.837
	子女上学	0.000	与同事或领导关系不好	1.868
权威制约	拆迁安置	1.263	单位内部调动	13.293^***
	福利分房	9.421^**	原单位搬迁	2.068
			下岗	9.001^**

Intergenerational differences of spatio-temporal characteristics and influencing factors of home-work location changes since 1978: Empirical analysis based on the micro-survey in Guangzhou, China

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居住地			全体	70后	80后	90后	就业地			全体	70后	80后	90后
能力制约	房价/租金便宜	60后	-0.054	-0.066	-0.021	-0.119^*	能力制约	学历	60后	-0.532^***	-0.292^***	-0.778^***	-0.359
		70后	0.030		0.044	-0.053			70后	-0.189^*		-0.486^***	-0.067
		80后	-0.037			-0.097			80后	0.584^***			0.419^*
		90后	0.088						90后	-0.059
	住地安全	60后	-0.050	0.055	0.044	0.101^**		工资太低	60后	0.016	0.093	-0.043	-0.075
		70后	-0.010		-0.011	0.046	70后			-0.124		-0.136^*	-0.168
		80后	0.006			0.057^*	80后			0.090			-0.032
		90后	-0.063				90后			0.092
组合制约	结婚	60后	0.058	-0.082^***	-0.072^***	0.017	权威制约	单位内部调动	60后	0.000	-0.040	0.033	0.038
		70后	0.047		0.010	0.099^***			70后	0.062^***		0.073^***	0.078^***
		80后	0.040			0.089^***			80后	-0.052^*			0.006
		90后	-0.077*						90后	-0.040
权威制约	福利分房	60后	-0.059	-0.082^**	-0.035	-0.032		下岗	60后	0.055	0.030	0.074	0.096^***
		70后	0.057**		0.048	0.051	70后		0.020			0.044	0.066^***
		80后	-0.010			0.003	80后		-0.049				0.022
		90后	-0.010				90后		-0.056