江苏沿海滩涂围垦耕地质量演变趋势分析

doi:10.11821/dlxb201711009

Abstract

Abstract:

Coastal prograding tidal flats are important wetlands and reserve resources of cropland in China, which provide the services of ecological protection, society security, and economic development. Taking the reclamation zones on the prograding coast of Jiangsu as a case study, this paper analyzed soil quality at the reclamation zones with a duration of 0-40 years to indicate the evolution of cropland quality following reclamation for sustainable use of cropland, by using the method of "space for time substitution". The results show that cropland soils had high salinity but low nutrients. The variation of soil physical and chemical properties is high in the coastal reclamation zones, and the soil particle sizes had obvious gradients of North-South and Land-Sea. The factors such as topography, vegetation status, and the path of tidal flats to cropland had significant impacts on cropland quality evolution following coastal reclamation. The path of tidal flats to cropland were jointly decided by physical condition of reclamation zones, development entity, and development scale in the coastal area of Jiangsu. The cropland trajectories have changed from "halophytes→aquaculture pond→cropland" to "halophytes→cropland" in the central part of the province's coastal area. This change shortened the period of tidal flats to cropland, but led to idle tidal flats after reclamation. The soils of coastal tidal flats have gradually transferred into soils of cropland. The changing trends of soil properties were divided into four types. The first one was the type of increase, such as soil total phosphorous, available phosphorous, and clay content. The second one was the type of decrease, such as sand content. The third one was the type of increase then decrease, such as soil salinity and pH. The fourth one was the type of decrease then increase, such as soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available nitrogen, and capacity of exchange cations. At the initial period of reclamation, soil organic matter showed a declining trend because of the process of mineralization. The soil salinity and pH increased due to transpiration and evaporation. At the middle period of reclamation, soil organic matter and nutrients increased because of the fertilization and organic matter input via human cultivation. Soil salinity and pH decreased as a result of precipitation and water resource facilities. At the later period of reclamation, the factors of soil quality fluctuated under the effect of cultivation management. The quality of cropland at the reclamation zones was fragile and sensible to cultivation management, because of the relatively short history of coastal reclamation.

Key words: reserve resources of cropland, coastal tidal flat, reclamation of tidal flat, soil quality, Jiangsu coast

Yan XU, Lijie PU, Runsen ZHANG, Ming ZHU, Xueying LI, Hongyun SHEN, Tianying MAO, Chenxing XU. Cropland quality evolution following coastal reclamation at the prograding tidal flats of Jiangsu Province, China[J].Acta Geographica Sinica, 2017, 72(11): 2032-2046.

Figures/Tables 12

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	单位	最小值	最大值	平均值	标准差	变异系数	偏度	峰度
OM	%	0.57	2.81	1.36	0.48	0.35	0.82	0.34
TN	ug/g	387.00	1636.00	822.41	277.57	0.34	0.93	0.39
TP	ug/g	625.00	1342.00	879.00	179.27	0.20	0.43	-0.63
AP	mg/kg	2.64	89.20	26.01	19.67	0.76	0.96	0.18
AN	mg/kg	16.70	111.00	55.77	22.74	0.41	0.37	-0.64
CEC	mmol/kg	28.70	151.00	65.47	21.63	0.33	1.50	3.53
盐分	us/cm	80.80	1456.00	272.49	228.15	0.84	2.36	8.42
pH	无量纲	7.75	8.96	8.25	0.25	0.03	0.64	0.39
含水量	%	7.86	46.18	32.93	4.85	0.15	-1.40	8.70
粘粒	%	5.99	25.99	10.93	3.84	0.35	1.93	4.24
粉粒	%	6.00	44.00	27.27	8.56	0.31	-0.10	-0.50
砂粒	%	37.01	85.01	61.80	11.31	0.18	-0.38	-0.36

	OM	TN	TP	粘粒	粉粒
	%	ug/g	ug/g	%	%
本研究	0.57~2.81	0.39~1.64	0.62~1.34	6~26	6~44
辽河口^{[34, 35]}	0.1~2.27	0.8~3.43	0.36~0.66	12.83~26.12	66.83~72.29
渤海湾^{[36, 37]}	0.06~1.77	0.07~0.76	0.41~0.71	0~26.0	60.1~84.7
江苏如东^[38-40]	0.06~2.11	0.08~1.84	0.46~1.39	6.2~13.3	7.5~36.6
崇明岛^{[19, 41]}	0.98~4.20	0.59~2.12	1.319	6.5~13.3	54.4~76.1
杭州湾^{[16, 42]}	0.27~6.21	0.25~1.05	0.33~0.67	5~34.2	20.4~69.4
慈溪^{[40, 43]}	0.36~3.04	0.28~1.63	0.57~2.37	16.4~28.0	44.6~55.4
闽江口^[33]	0.22~4.36	0.24~1.91	0.21~1.34	19	75
珠江口^{[44, 45]}	2.32~7.62	1.2~2.4	0.27~0.59	13.09~32.28	20.34~42.23

	OM	TN	TP	AP	AN	CEC	EC
CA1	-0.10	-0.09	-0.06	0.31	-0.13	-0.11	0.57
CA2	-0.14	-0.13	0.12	0.04	-0.15	-0.07	-0.01
	pH	W	Clay	Silt	Sand	累计贡献	特征值
CA1	-0.15	-0.18	-0.11	-0.09	-0.19	0.67	0.04773
CA2	0.16	0.14	0.04	0.14	0.18	0.87	0.01362

Cropland quality evolution following coastal reclamation at the prograding tidal flats of Jiangsu Province, China

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垦区	年份	1986-2016年土地利用转移路径	围垦时间(年)	耕作时间(年)
O	1979s	AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAACCCCC	37	5
N	1979	CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC	37	>31
M	1981	HCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC	35	30
L	1984	BHHHHHHCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC	32	24
K	1986	HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHCCCCCCCCCCCCC	30	13
J	1989	HHHHACCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC	27	26
I	1990	BBBBBBBBBAAAAAAAAAAAACCCCCCCCCC	26	10
H	1997s	HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHCCCCCCCCCCCC	19	12
G	1997	HHHHHHHHHHHHHCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC	19	18
F	1998	HHHHHHHHHHHHHHCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC	18	17
E	2001	HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC	15	15
D	2005	BBBBBBHHHHHHHHHHHHHHCCCCCCCCCCC	11	11
C	2006	BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBHHHHHHHHHHCCCCC	10	5
B	2009	BBBHHHHHHHHHHHBBBBBBBBBHHHHCCCC	7	4
A	2012	HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHCCCC	4	4

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