博斯腾湖流域绿洲农田土壤重金属污染及潜在生态风险评价

doi:10.11821/dlxb201709012

Abstract

Abstract:

A total of 195 soil samples of farmland were collected from oasis in the Bosten Lake Basin, Xinjiang, and the concentrations of eight heavy metal elements (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn) were identified by standard methods. The spatial distribution of soil heavy metals in farmland was analyzed based on geostatistical analysis, while the pollution load index (PLI) and potential ecological risk index (RI) were employed to the assessment of the soil heavy metal pollution levels and potential ecological risk. Then the main sources of heavy metals were discussed. Results showed that: (1) The average value of the contents of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn exceeded by 1.67, 1.13, 1.15, 1.29, 2.11 and 1.65 times of the soil background value of Xinjiang, respectively. (2) The spatial distribution of eight heavy metals showed an island-like pattern, and all the heavy metal elements showed high value areas in some parts of the study area, indicating the negative effects of human activities on soil environment of farmlands. (3) Pb presented a moderate pollution, whereas Cd, Zn, Ni, Cu and Cr a light pollution, Mn a slight pollution and As no pollution for farmland soils. The average PLI value of the heavy metals was 1.09, which showed a slight pollution. (4) The average E value for each heavy metal element was ranked as: Cd > Ni > As > Cu > Pb > Cr > Zn. The average RI value was 18.63, which showed a slight ecological risk situation. In terms of regional differences, the ecological risk index was ranked as: Hoshut County > Baghrash County > Karashahar County > Hejing County. (5) Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni and Zn contents were controlled mainly by the soil geochemical genesis and As, Cd and Pb were mainly affected by human activities. Cd and Pb were the main pollution sources of farmland soils, which should be given more attention.

Key words: farmland, soil heavy metal, pollution assessment, ecological risk, Bosten Lake Basin

EZIZ Mamattursun, MAMUT Ajigul, MOHAMMAD Anwar, Guofei MA. Assessment of heavy metal pollution and its potential ecological risks of farmland soils of oasis in Bosten Lake Basin[J].Acta Geographica Sinica, 2017, 72(9): 1680-1694.

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重金属元素	As	Cd	Cr	Cu	Mn	Ni	Pb	Zn	pH
最小值(mg·kg^-1)	0.52	0.05	33.68	19.45	312.82	19.45	0.99	38.99	7.90
最大值(mg·kg^-1)	63.87	0.69	123.39	73.12	789.68	55.97	96.36	911.98	9.50
平均值(mg·kg^-1)	6.57	0.20	55.71	30.58	503.50	34.37	40.92	113.69	8.56
标准差(mg·kg^-1)	6.79	0.07	11.54	6.44	61.49	6.78	23.81	141.51	0.31
变异系数	1.03	0.35	0.21	0.21	0.12	0.19	0.58	1.24	0.03
新疆灌耕土背景值(mg·kg^-1)	9.09	0.12	39.60	35.80	688.0	26.40	13.50	16.80	-
新疆土壤背景值(mg·kg^-1)	11.20	0.12	49.30	26.70	688.0	26.60	19.40	68.80	8.10
国家土壤环境质量Ⅱ级标准(mg·kg^-1)	25.0	0.60	250.0	100.0	-	60.0	350.0	300.0	-
超标率(%)	15.38	0.51	0	0	-	0	0	6.15	-

变量	理论模型	块金值C₀	基台值C₀+C	基底效应C₀/(C₀+C)	变程a/m	残差平方RSS	决定系数R²
As	指数	0.188	0.286	0.657	5434	3.77E-04	0.813
Cd	指数	0.305	0.389	0.784	5266	1.51E-04	0.803
Cr	球状	0.812	0.917	0.885	6120	9.51E-04	0.895
Cu	指数	0.610	1.361	0.448	5191	1.44E-03	0.910
Mn	指数	0.103	0.478	0.215	6413	1.87E-04	0.824
Ni	指数	0.078	0.394	0.198	4664	4.93E-04	0.971
Pb	球状	2.217	1.639	1.353	4314	6.43E-03	0.692
Zn	高斯	0.294	0.36	0.817	7111	8.29E-04	0.867
pH	球状	0.195	0.855	0.228	8266	1.38E-04	0.946

重金属元素	无污染	轻微污染	轻度污染	中度污染	重度污染
As	76.32	15.26	6.32	1.05	1.05
Cd	4.10	8.72	62.56	23.59	1.03
Cr	0.53	32.11	66.84	0.53	0
Cu	0	25.79	73.16	1.05	0
Mn	40.00	58.95	1.05	0	0
Ni	0	11.05	87.37	1.58	0
Pb	15.26	3.68	33.68	23.16	24.21
Zn	1.58	31.05	55.79	4.21	7.37

污染级别	焉耆县	博湖县	和静县	和硕县	博斯腾湖流域
无污染	43.48	12.0	38.33	25.0	31.79
轻度污染	56.52	88.0	61.67	75.0	68.21

元素	As	Cd	Cr	Cu	Mn	Ni	Pb	Zn
As	1
Cd	0.052	1
Cr	-0.054	0.019	1
Cu	-0.004	0.035	0.256^**	1
Mn	0.028	0.217^**	0.451^**	0.367^**	1
Ni	0.156^*	0.049	0.219^**	0.460^**	0.355^**	1
Pb	-0.002	-0.095	-0.362^**	0.111	0.068	0.393^*	1
Zn	-0.082	0.274^**	0.127	0.176^*	0.110	0.101	-0.048	1

Assessment of heavy metal pollution and its potential ecological risks of farmland soils of oasis in Bosten Lake Basin

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主成分	As	Cd	Cr	Cu	Mn	Ni	Pb	Zn	方差贡献率(%)	累计方差贡献率(%)
PC1	0.421	0.473	0.798	0.803	0.870	0.908	0.317	0.918	69.891	69.891
PC2	0.922	0.850	0.591	0.588	0.477	0.400	0.826	0.335	16.290	86.181

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