气候环境驱动下的中国北方早期社会历史时空演进及其机制

doi:10.11821/dlxb201709004

Abstract

Abstract:

The early northern China (1600 BC-300 AD) can be divided into two stages roughly: 3600-3050 cal a BP (1600 BC-1050 BC), and 3050-1800 cal a BP (1050 BC-200 AD), which were recorded in many natural sedimentary archives. The former stage, corresponding to the second dynasty - the Shang Dynasty with a time span of more than 500 years, characterized by relatively stable humid climate state, is a historical period with relatively stable political and societal environment; the latter stage, coincident to the transition from the Zhou Dynasty to the Three Kingdoms with gradually becoming dry climate, showed a sharp contrast of political and societal condition to the period during the Shang Dynasty with seven unrests and consequent occurrence of new political regimes within a 1250-year period. And, marked by the relocations of capitals, the centers of these dynasties show a trend of southeastward migration. The correlation of significant climate change (usually cold and/or dry states) and some political unrests, such as, establishment of the Zhou Dynasty, Zhouping King′s eastward relocation of capital and perishment of the Western Han Dynasty, was found. These evidences again indicate that there is a certain relationship between evolution of early stage of Chinese history and climate change of Asian monsoon. This paper suggests that the following two factors, neglected in the previous research, greatly influence the correlation between society and climate. First, northern China has fan-shaped geographic space with a sharp ecological gradient for latitudinal zonality and Asian monsoon activity, which accentuates the effects of climate change on regional human society. Second, in China the small-scale self-sufficient economy cell was very sensitive to climate change. And usually, irrational social regime accentuated the sensitivity of small-scale self-sufficient economy cell to climate change through a series of feedbacks within society and resulted in serious consequences, and eventually caused the collapses of dynasties.

Key words: climate change, Late Holocene, fan-shaped geographic space, the small-scale self-sufficient economy cell, irrational social regime, feedback

Sha CHEN, Qian LIU, Yulian JIA, Xinxin CHEN, Chuansheng WANG, Zhiwei WAN, Yijun HONG, Xue LENG, Xinmei WANG, Xiangming CAO, Xuemin PENG, Yeqiao WANG. Spatial-temporal evolution of early history of north China (1600 BC-300 AD) and dynastic cycle driven by climate change[J].Acta Geographica Sinica, 2017, 72(9): 1580-1593.

Figures/Tables 7

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家庭年收入				家庭年支出
粮 120石		园圃/家禽10石	纺织10匹	生存消费	简单再生产	租赋负担	其他
7200	600	4000		口粮 80石,4800 食盐 1.8石,900 衣着 5匹,2000	留种 6石,360 饲料10石,600 农具 7石 420	赋敛 11石,660 田租 4石,240	祭祀/人际和医药 6石,360
总计 11800			总计10340

Spatial-temporal evolution of early history of north China (1600 BC-300 AD) and dynastic cycle driven by climate change

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