Acta Geographica Sinica ›› 2017, Vol. 72 ›› Issue (7): 1235-1247.doi: 10.11821/dlxb201707009
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Lijuan ZHANG1(), Ziyan YAO1, Shihao TANG2, Xiaxiang LI1, Tiantian HAO1
Received:
2016-09-30
Revised:
2017-02-21
Online:
2017-08-07
Published:
2017-08-07
Supported by:
Lijuan ZHANG, Ziyan YAO, Shihao TANG, Xiaxiang LI, Tiantian HAO. Spatiotemporal characteristics and patterns of the global cultivated land since the 1980s[J].Acta Geographica Sinica, 2017, 72(7): 1235-1247.
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Tab. 2
Characteristics of cultivated land change in different continents since the 1980s
年代 | 亚洲 | 欧洲 | 非洲 | 北美洲 | 南美洲 | 大洋洲 | 全球 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
耕地面积 (104 km2) | 1982年 | 710.016 | 287.521 | 444.869 | 280.407 | 118.850 | 89.331 | 1939.573 |
2011年 | 686.247 | 283.486 | 531.629 | 451.261 | 226.740 | 275.823 | 2468.340 | |
年均耕地 | 749.801 | 267.166 | 494.680 | 333.512 | 167.752 | 158.975 | 2171.886 | |
2011-1982年 | -23.769 | -4.035 | 86.760 | 170.854 | 107.89 | 186.492 | 528.767 | |
倾向率 | 1982-2011年 | -5.641* | -0.813 | -0.595 | 7.236** | 2.780* | 3.758* | 7.920 |
1982-1989年 | 2.382 | -1.136 | 9.812 | -2.277 | 10.080 | 2.226 | 20.650 | |
1990-1999年 | -1.335 | -8.769* | -9.050 | -6.821 | -3.073 | -0.209 | -29.780 | |
2000-2011年 | -0.266 | 0.702 | -0.320 | 2.057 | 1.297 | 2.039 | 5.553 |
Tab. 4
The matrix of cultivated land of the world and continents since the 1980s (km2)
转入面积(km2) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
亚洲 | 欧洲 | 非洲 | 北美洲 | 南美洲 | 大洋洲 | 全球 | |
林地 | 587 044.033 | 538 977.272 | 497 117.371 | 1 295 193.574 | 1 049 514.128 | 210 610.092 | 4 183 030.965 |
草地 | 1 685 071.620 | 700 578.490 | 2 693 786.908 | 1 527 020.934 | 768 167.250 | 1 168 947.585 | 8 564 519.048 |
建设用地 | 8 745.380 | 3 418.037 | 852.623 | 2 675.515 | 1 455.492 | 125.654 | 17 290.898 |
湿地 | 53 106.836 | 29 938.381 | 24 623.822 | 27 727.065 | 16 697.013 | 18 878.816 | 231 618.103 |
水域 | 12 878.212 | 4 244.370 | 4 824.171 | 7 055.778 | 3 649.667 | 3 989.419 | 57 099.131 |
未利用地 | 911 410.987 | 74 871.195 | 857 230.925 | 138 995.122 | 55 494.096 | 900 758.834 | 2 943 976.114 |
转入比例(%) | |||||||
林地 | 18.017 | 39.864 | 12.189 | 43.192 | 55.384 | 9.144 | 26.148 |
草地 | 51.717 | 51.817 | 66.050 | 50.923 | 40.537 | 50.751 | 53.536 |
建设用地 | 0.268 | 0.253 | 0.021 | 0.089 | 0.077 | 0.005 | 0.108 |
湿地 | 1.630 | 2.214 | 0.604 | 0.925 | 0.881 | 0.820 | 1.448 |
水域 | 0.395 | 0.314 | 0.118 | 0.235 | 0.193 | 0.173 | 0.357 |
未利用地 | 27.972 | 5.538 | 21.019 | 4.635 | 2.928 | 39.107 | 18.403 |
Tab. 5
The out matrix of cultivated land of the world and each continent since the 1980s (km2)
转出面积(km2) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
亚洲 | 欧洲 | 非洲 | 北美洲 | 南美洲 | 大洋洲 | 全球 | |
林地 | 1 217 276.742 | 300 777.368 | 1 410 706.162 | 399 259.025 | 341 994.955 | 141 504.896 | 3 859 019.347 |
草地 | 2 017 539.664 | 1 065 004.971 | 1 647 566.868 | 788 780.992 | 373 549.898 | 258 183.988 | 6 161 722.976 |
建设用地 | 15 804.035 | 10 816.968 | 1 370.660 | 4 030.622 | 723.119 | 151.457 | 33 117.082 |
湿地 | 57 448.359 | 6 470.664 | 17 104.849 | 25 935.501 | 41 131.877 | 6 184.790 | 166 437.848 |
水域 | 19 388.005 | 2 573.700 | 7 587.074 | 8 548.657 | 15 530.140 | 6 160.882 | 62 663.411 |
未利用地 | 169 794.097 | 7 604.133 | 128 833.594 | 67 964.712 | 43 064.184 | 18 703.268 | 436 504.043 |
转出比例(%) | |||||||
林地 | 34.807 | 21.588 | 43.904 | 30.842 | 41.911 | 32.840 | 36.000 |
草地 | 57.689 | 76.440 | 51.275 | 60.932 | 45.779 | 59.919 | 57.482 |
建设用地 | 0.452 | 0.776 | 0.043 | 0.311 | 0.089 | 0.035 | 0.309 |
湿地 | 1.643 | 0.464 | 0.532 | 2.003 | 5.041 | 1.435 | 1.553 |
水域 | 0.554 | 0.185 | 0.236 | 0.660 | 1.903 | 1.430 | 0.585 |
未利用地 | 4.855 | 0.546 | 4.010 | 5.250 | 5.278 | 4.341 | 4.072 |
Tab. 6
Comparison with the results of previous studies
已有研究结果 | 本文研究结果 | |
---|---|---|
1 | 谢高地等认为1985年以前全球耕地呈增加趋势,1985-1995年间耕地呈减少趋势[ | 1985-1995年全球耕地面积变化特征,结论为不显著减少趋势,减少速率为19.772×104 km2/a。 |
2 | Lepers等得出1981-1990年全球耕地在各个大洲均有增加,增加的主要区域位于亚洲的东南部、孟加拉国印度河流域、中东和中亚地区、美国的大平原地区[ | 对全球1982-1990年耕地面积进行分析,得出全球各大洲耕地在此期间除亚洲和南美洲呈增加趋势外,其他各大洲均呈减少趋势。增加的区域主要位于亚洲东南部,撒哈拉以南的非洲,减少的区域主要集中在非洲赤道附近和美国东南部及中国东部( |
3 | Waisanen等认为1982-1992年美国耕地面积呈增加趋势[ | 1982-1992年美国耕地面积变化,认为呈不显著增加趋势,主要在中西部增加( |
4 | 杜国明等认为巴西1980-2005年耕地增加较为剧烈,除北部热带雨林地区,其他地区耕地均有增加[ | 巴西1980-2005年耕地面积变化,认为1980-2005年巴西耕地面积呈增加趋势,主要由草地和林地转化( |
5 | Dewan等认为孟加拉国1960-2005年其耕地面积一直呈减少趋势,主要转化为了林地和建设用地[ | 1982-2005年孟加拉国的耕地面积变化,认为耕地面积呈极显著减少趋势,主要在西南部地方减少,主要转化为草地、林地( |
6 | Abbas等研究认为1975-2005年尼日利亚耕地向南部森林区扩展,同时原有耕地减少[ | 1982-2005年尼日利亚耕地向南部森林区扩张了约214197.544 km2,原有耕地减少了187354.798 km2( |
7 | Müller等分析认为阿尔巴尼亚东南部在1988-2003年,很多耕地被遗弃[ | 阿尔巴尼亚1988-2003年耕地面积呈显著减少趋势,减少的耕地转化为了草地。 |
8 | Ramankutty等认为20世纪90年代初全球耕地大约为1800×104 km2,空间上主要集中在欧亚地区,其次是北美洲和非洲[ | 本文研究认为20世纪90年代初全球耕地为1845.761×104 km2,空间上主要分布在欧洲南部、蒙古东北部、中国东部、美国五大湖附近及密西西比河流域、非洲的撒哈拉以南及刚果和刚果民主共和国南部。 |
9 | Ramankutty等认为1700-1992年近3个世纪以来,整体上呈增加趋势,1700年后耕地扩张最快的地区发生在欧洲,其次是北美洲和南美洲[ | 本文分析了1982-2011年全球耕地时空变化,时间上较新,时间跨度较短,同时认为近30年耕地扩张最快的地区发生在大洋洲。 |
10 | Goldewijk等分析了1700-1990年近300年的全球耕地数据,得出近3个世纪以来,全球耕地面积增加了5.5倍[ | 本文分析1982-2011年全球耕地面积变化,得出近30年来全球耕地面积增加了1.273倍。 |
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