基于流量监测的西藏东南部然乌湖水量平衡季节变化及其补给过程分析

doi:10.11821/dlxb201707008

Abstract

Abstract:

The Tibetan Plateau boasts the greatest lake group in the Asian continent, where the lakes respond sensitively to climate change. For the exorheic lakes, the area changes based on remote sensing data are insufficient to reflect their responses to climatic changes. Water balance analyses of these lakes are needed for understanding the hydrological processes of lake basins and their relationships with climate changes. In this paper, we use the hydrological and meteorological monitoring data in the Ranwu Lake Basin from April to November in 2015 to examine the relationship between water level and runoff and reconstruct flux process line according to continuous water level data. Together with the snowmelt runoff model (SRM) simulation, we analyze the water balance process and its seasonal changes of the Ranwu Lake. The result shows that the total water yield inputted into the lake during the monitoring period is about 18.49×10⁸ m3, and that the glacial melt water is about 10.06 ×10⁸ m3, accounting for more than 54% of the lakes' supplies. Precipitation and evaporation of lake water surface and the lake water storage change have only slight effects on the process of lake water balance. Replenishment of the lake water is clearly seasonal as it depends on rainfall. Under the influence of southern branch of Westerlies, the Ranwu Lake area witnesses high precipitation, which is the main supply source in spring. Due to temperature rise in dummer and early autumn, a large amount of glacial melt water is a dominant factor of the water balance of this lake. With the temperature rise in the future, glacial melt water will occupy higher proportions in the total supplies of the lakes in this area. It will conduce to the speedy rise of the glacial lake level and lead to potential hazard risks.

Key words: southeast Tibetan Plateau, Ranwu Lake, SRM, water balance, seasonal change, glacial melt water

Yingying CUI, Liping ZHU, Jianting JU, Lun LUO, Yongjie WANG. Seasonal variations of water balance and supply process based upon discharge monitoring in Ranwu Lake of Southeast Tibet[J].Acta Geographica Sinica, 2017, 72(7): 1221-1234.

Figures/Tables 11

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时间	面积(km2)	水位相对变化量(m)	水位累计变化量(m)	水量相对变化(10⁶m3)	水量累计变化(10⁶m3)
4月9日	15.1	0	0	0	0
5月10日	15.1	+0.10	+0.10	+1.51	+1.51
6月24日	20.3	+1.04	+1.14	+18.34	+19.85
9月10日	20.3	+0.09	+1.23	+2.03	+21.88
10月25日	17.0	-0.93	+0.30	-17.32	+4.56
11月24日	16.8	-0.20	+0.10	-3.38	+1.18

条带	高程范围(m)	流域面积(km²)	条带平均海拔(m)	所占流域面积比例(%)	冰川所占流域面积比例(%)
1	3883~4349	261.52	4155.65	13	6.2
2	4350~4599	236.72	4484.14	12	10.6
3	4600~6342	1481.24	5115.5	75	19.2
全流域	3883~6342	1979.48	4929.78	100	16.4

时间	曲尺河 (10⁸m3)	曲日河(10⁸m3)	真空弄巴(10⁸m3)	然弄巴(10⁸m3)	湖面降水(10⁸m3)	其他补给(10⁸m3)	出湖径流(10⁸m3)	湖泊水增量(10⁸m3)	湖面降水比例(%)	其他补给比例(%)
4/09-5/10	0.17	0.02	0.05	0.04	0.01	0.13	0.40	+0.02	2.38	30.96
5/11-6/24	1.65	0.16	0.65	0.26	0.02	0.62	3.18	+0.18	0.56	18.45
6/25-9/10	6.21	0.59	1.52	0.77	0.05	1.93	11.05	+0.02	0.45	17.43
9/11-10/25	1.83	0.19	0.41	0.23	0.01	0.27	3.11	-0.17	0.34	9.18
10/26-11/24	0.26	0.03	0.07	0.10	0	0.10	0.59	-0.03	0	17.86
总计	10.12	0.99	2.70	1.40	0.09	3.04	18.33	+0.02	0.49	16.58

时间	湖面降水量(10⁸m3)	蒸发水量(10⁸m3)	湖泊储量(10⁸m3)	融水径流(10⁸m3)	降水径流(10⁸m3)	出湖径流(10⁸m3)	融水补给占比(%)
4/09-5/10	0.01	0.02	+0.02	0.15	0.28	0.40	34
5/11-6/24	0.02	0.03	+0.18	1.31	2.06	3.18	39
6/25-9/10	0.05	0.06	+0.02	6.66	4.42	11.05	60
9/11-10/25	0.01	0.02	-0.17	1.87	1.07	3.11	63
10/26-11/24	0	0.01	-0.03	0.06	0.51	0.59	11
总计	0.09	0.14	0.02	10.06	8.34	18.33	54

Seasonal variations of water balance and supply process based upon discharge monitoring in Ranwu Lake of Southeast Tibet

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