黄河玛曲砾质网状河段河间湿地形态特征及发育程度

doi:10.11821/dlxb201707006

Abstract

Abstract:

Interchannel wetlands as well as multiple channels are crucial geomorphologic units in an anastomosing river system. Planform characteristics and developing level of interchannel wetlands and multiple channels have effect on anastomosing rivers. To understand the role that interchannel wetlands play in the development of the anastomosing river, a study was carried out at the Maqu reach of the Yellow River, a gravel-bed anastomosing river characterized by highly developed interchannel wetlands and anabranches. Geomorphologic units in the study reach were extracted from high resolution satellite imagery in Google Earth, size distribution of interchannel wetlands and interchannel wetland clusters (special combination of interchannel wetlands and anabranches) were investigated, and geomorphologic parameters including ratio of interchannel wetland area to interchannel wetland cluster area (P), shoreline density (D_l) and node density (D_n) were used to examine planform characteristics of interchannel wetland clusters and the development level of multiple channels in the study reach. The results suggest that interchannel wetlands with small or medium size and interchannel wetland clusters with large or mega size are more common in the study reach. The area of interchannel wetland cluster (S_u) is highly related to other geomorphologic parameters, P increases with the increase of S_u, with 80% of P value being basically the upper limit, indicating that the development of interchannel wetlands and anabranches in an interchannel wetland cluster has entered a equilibrium stage. In contrast, D_l and D_n show a tendency to decrease with the increase of S_u due to evolution processes diversity in interchannel wetland clusters with different sizes. There are three main reasons for the formation of interchannel wetland clusters: stream power diversity caused by the meadering principal channel; development of river corridor due to the weakening of geologic structure control; and high stability of interchannel wetlands due to conservation by shoreline vegetation.

Key words: channel planform, gravel-bed anastomosing river, interchannel wetland, geomorphologic parameter, Yellow River

Boyi LIU, Suiji WANG. Planform characteristics and developing level of interchannel wetlands in a gravel-bed anastomosing river, Maqu Reach of the Upper Yellow River[J].Acta Geographica Sinica, 2017, 72(7): 1195-1206.

Figures/Tables 11

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References 44

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图像	卫星	获取日期	覆盖河段(km)	流量(m3/s)
1	WV02	2011.08.27	0~13.34	627
2	GE01	2013.07.29	13.41~45.18	1640
3	GE01	2013.08.01	45.18~64.81	1920
4	Landsat8	2013.07.23	0~64.81	1610
5	WV02	2011.03.08	25.25~59.81	113

微地貌单元	定义
河道带	网状河中所有河道发育的范围,河道体系最外侧河道及其之间所有河道与河间湿地的集合
主河道	网状河中,常年有活动水流,一般情况下为河道体系中最宽的河道
分支河道	网状河中主河道以外的所有河道
河间湿地(岛屿)	汛期能够出露的由植被覆盖的河道间高地
河间湿地群体	位置相邻,发育上具有连续性的河间湿地与分割这些河间湿地的分支河道的群体

名称	面积 S_u (hm²)	湿地数 I (个)	河间湿地面积占比P (%)	岸线长度 L_i (km)	岸线密度 D_l (km/km²)	分汊点个数 N (个)	分汊点密度 D_n(个/km²)
U1	28.58	5	44.89	4.32	15.13	7	24.49
U2	63.51	16	65.40	8.08	12.72	33	51.96
U3	250.27	22	77.32	19.50	7.79	41	16.38
U4	404.15	47	73.51	43.70	10.81	83	20.54
U5	136.88	17	74.15	14.73	10.76	29	21.19
U6	44.21	15	66.02	6.93	15.67	24	54.29
U7	128.55	16	81.96	13.62	10.59	28	21.78
U8	25.31	9	37.56	3.94	15.58	12	47.42
U9	345.31	53	75.80	39.65	11.48	65	18.82
U10	331.36	44	71.27	32.82	9.90	64	19.31
U11	27.77	8	40.83	3.64	13.12	11	39.61
U12	163.57	28	73.58	21.67	13.25	36	22.01
U13	672.94	85	79.12	71.11	10.57	143	21.25
U14	54.45	14	50.81	7.75	14.23	28	51.42
U15	170.26	27	74.86	17.73	10.41	31	18.21
U16	119.13	15	70.07	13.97	11.73	16	13.43
U17	67.94	20	50.52	10.00	14.72	31	45.63
U18	1336.17	131	79.24	110.94	8.30	202	15.12
U19	177.93	48	63.95	24.47	13.75	56	31.47
U20	95.34	41	57.09	17.20	18.04	63	66.08
U21	321.44	54	78.85	35.77	11.13	67	20.84
U22	239.77	12	73.98	14.48	6.04	15	6.26
U23	6.46	2	33.25	0.82	12.66	3	46.47
U24	96.14	13	78.33	11.31	11.76	21	21.84
U25	70.64	4	71.70	5.92	8.37	7	9.91
U26	243.44	18	71.57	22.62	9.29	32	13.15
U27	183.42	26	83.21	18.86	10.28	45	24.53
U28	114.00	14	55.55	11.24	9.86	22	19.30
U29	260.51	29	73.11	20.06	7.70	40	15.35
U30	25.73	4	52.71	3.54	13.77	7	27.21

面积(hm²)	描述	湿地数 (个)	湿地数占比 (%)	总面积(hm²)	总面积占比(%)
< 0.1	微型	231	27.24	8.70	0.19
0.1~1	小型	284	33.49	108.92	2.36
1~10	中型	232	27.36	808.19	17.54
10~100	大型	97	11.44	2988.96	64.87
≥ 100	巨型	4	0.47	692.67	15.03

面积(hm²)	描述	群体数	总面积(hm²)	总面积占比(%)	河间湿地数	群体数	总湿地数占比(%)
< 10	小型	1	6.46	0.10	< 10	6	5.14
10~50		5	151.59	2.44	10~20*	10	20.31
50~100		6	448.02	7.22	20~50	10	36.80
100~200	中型	8	1193.74	19.24	50~100	3	22.10
200~500	大型	8	2396.24	38.62	> 100	1	15.65
> 500	巨型	2	2009.11	32.38

Planform characteristics and developing level of interchannel wetlands in a gravel-bed anastomosing river, Maqu Reach of the Upper Yellow River

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面积(hm²)	河间湿地面积占比P (%)			岸线密度D_l(km/km²)			分汊点密度D_n (个/km²)
面积(hm²)	均值	最小	最大	均值	最小	最大	均值	最小	最大
< 10	33.25			12.66			46.47
10~50	48.40	37.56	66.02	14.65	13.12	15.67	38.60	24.49	54.29
50~100	62.31	50.52	78.33	13.31	8.37	18.04	41.14	9.91	66.08
100~200	72.17	55.55	83.21	11.33	9.86	13.75	21.49	13.43	31.47
200~500	74.46	71.27	78.85	9.27	6.04	11.48	16.33	6.26	20.84
> 500	79.18	79.12	79.24	9.43	8.30	10.57	18.18	15.12	21.25

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