不透水地表盖度视角下中美城市群空间结构对比——以“京津冀”与“波士华”为例

doi:10.11821/dlxb201706006

Abstract

Abstract:

It is important to apply impervious surface product to the study of urban agglomeration spatial structure. Under the background of China's rapid urbanization, study on comparative analysis of urban agglomerations spatial structure between China and USA can provide policy proposals of urban agglomeration space optimization for Chinese government. Taking Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) and Boswash as study areas, firstly, this paper maps the extent and density of impervious surface for BTH and Boswash respectively in seven periods of 1972, 1982, 1991, 1995, 2001, 2006 and 2011. Furthermore, at different scales of urban agglomeration and metropolitan region, landscape pattern index, gravitational index and spatial analysis were used to analyze differences of spatial structure between BTH and Boswash. The results showed that (1) impervious surface area increased rapidly in BTH, while it remained stable in Boswash. (2) BTH spatial structure had experienced different periods including isolated city development, dual-core city development, group city development and network-style city development, while Boswash spatial structure was more stable, and its spatial pattern had shown a "point-axis strip" feature. (3) The spatial pattern of high-high assembling region of impervious surface had showed a "standing pancake" feature in BTH, while a "multi-center gather and disperse group" in Boswash. (4) All of the percentages of impervious surface area in ecology, living, and production land in BTH were higher than those in Boswash. At last, from the perspective of urban agglomeration space optimization, the development proposals for BTH were proposed.

Key words: impervious surface coverage, urban agglomeration, spatial structure comparison, landscape pattern, ecology-living-production land

Shisong CAO, Deyong HU, Wenji ZHAO, Shanshan CHEN, Qingwen CHENG. Spatial structure comparison of urban agglomerations between China and USA in a perspective of impervious surface coverage: A case study of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and Boswash[J].Acta Geographica Sinica, 2017, 72(6): 1017-1031.

Figures/Tables 13

Fig. 1

Tab. 1

Landscape pattern indices and its ecological meaning

景观指数	计算公式	指标意义
类型比例	$P i = ∑ j = 1 m a ij A × 100 %$	景观中某类型的面积占整个面积的百分率
景观形状指数	$LSI = 0.25 E A$	斑块聚合或离散程度的量度,LSI越大斑块越离散

Tab. 1

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一级	二级	三级
生态用地	林地	有林地、灌木林地、疏林地、其他林地
	草地	高覆盖度草地、中覆盖度草地、低覆盖度草地
	水域	河渠、湖泊、水库坑塘、滩涂、滩地
	未利用地	沙地、戈壁等
生产用地	耕地	水田、旱地
生产用地	其他建设用地	厂矿、大型工业区、油田、盐场、采石场等用地以及交通道路、机场及特殊用地
生活用地	城镇用地	指大、中、小城市及县镇以上建成区用地
生活用地	农村居民点	指独立于城镇以外的农村居民点

	1972-1982年			1982-1991年		1991-2001年			2001-2011年			1972-2011年
	总体变化(km²)		年平均 (km²/a)		总体变化(km²)	年平均(km²/a)		总体变化(km²)	年平均(km²/a)	总体变化(km²)	年平均(km²/a)	总体变化(km²)	年平均(km²/a)
京津冀	262.60	26.26		482.12	53.57	477.99	47.80		635.13	63.51		1857.84	47.63
波士华	256.34	25.63		403.02	44.78	498.34	49.83		127.73	12.73		1285.43	32.96
北京	135.36	13.53		194.70	21.63	288.89	28.89		160.96	16.10		779.91	19.99
天津	113.84	11.38		63.11	7.01	76.16	7.61		274.89	27.49		528.00	13.54
唐山	16.99	1.70		34.35	3.82	34.35	3.44		49.53	4.95		113.60	2.91
保定	11.25	1.13		22.81	2.53	33.56	3.36		13.86	1.39		81.48	2.09
沧州	3.29	0.32		5.71	0.63	2.03	0.20		9.19	0.90		20.22	0.52
承德	2.90	0.29		0.65	0.06	1.11	0.11		5.56	0.56		10.22	0.26
廊坊	7.20	0.72		10.66	1.18	18.21	1.82		11.01	1.10		47.08	1.21
张家口	3.88	0.39		3.46	0.38	7.48	0.75		11.92	1.19		26.74	0.69
秦皇岛	5.64	0.56		12.31	1.36	4.23	0.42		12.86	1.28		35.04	0.89
石家庄	25.27	2.53		77.10	8.57	35.18	3.51		34.69	3.47		172.24	4.42
衡水	1.59	0.16		3.63	0.40	5.22	0.52		3.36	0.34		13.80	0.35
邢台	12.66	1.26		13.18	1.46	8.04	0.80		11.43	1.14		45.31	1.16
邯郸	3.15	0.32		9.39	1.04	17.68	1.77		34.30	3.43		64.52	1.65
纽约	14.76	1.48		40.54	4.50	171.74	17.17		29.68	2.97		256.72	6.58
华盛顿	39.92	3.92		38.61	4.29	116.73	11.67		42.69	4.27		237.95	6.10
巴尔的摩	11.07	1.10		23.77	2.64	39.83	3.98		11.40	1.14		86.07	2.20
费城	12.28	1.23		125.62	12.56	125.40	12.54		50.76	5.07		314.06	8.05
波士顿	13.06	1.30		135.24	13.52	47.23	4.72		72.93	7.29		268.46	6.88

Spatial structure comparison of urban agglomerations between China and USA in a perspective of impervious surface coverage: A case study of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and Boswash

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