中印城镇化区域差异及城镇体系空间演化比较

doi:10.11821/dlxb201706004

Abstract

Abstract:

As two rising great powers, China and India have undergone similar development processes, but they also exhibit significant differences in development paths and patterns. The significant differences in political systems, economic systems, and developmental environment between the two countries have attracted great attention from scholars. This research focuses on the regional differences and spatial evolution processes in urbanization and urban systems between the two countries from a geographical perspective. Based on the demographic censuses of both countries and the urban population data from the United Nations, this paper systematically compared and analyzed the spatial characteristics of urbanization and urban systems in China and India using various methods including spatial analysis, parameter estimation, and nonparametric estimation. The results indicate that: (1) Since the 1990s, the regional differences in urbanization in China have transformed from south-north differences to coastal-inland differences, whereas the north-south differences in India have been stable. (2) In terms of the spatial scale at the province (state) level, the population densities and urbanization rates were positively correlated in both countries. The correlation is more significant when the urbanization rate is higher than 50%. However, in recent years, the correlation between population density and urbanization rate kept increasing in China, while such correlation has been decreasing in India. (3) Currently, the urban system is dominated by large and medium-sized cities in China and India, which complies with the characteristics of the rank-size distribution. But the economic reform has exerted significantly different effects on the spatial evolution of the urban systems in the two countries. The economic reform has changed the major driving force for urban development in China from geological and historical factors to the spatial structure of the economic system. However, in India, the driving forces for urban development have always been geological and historical factors, and the economic reform even decreased the effect of the spatial structure of the economic system on urban development.

Key words: urbanization, urban system, spatial pattern, spatial evolution, China, India

Jiaming LI, Yu YANG, Jie FAN, Fengjun JIN, Wenzhong ZHANG, Shenghe LIU, Bojie FU. Comparative research on regional differences in urbanization and spatial evolution of urban systems between China and India[J].Acta Geographica Sinica, 2017, 72(6): 986-1000.

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References 19

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邦 (中央直辖区)	2011年人口(人)	城镇化率(%)	人口密度(人/km²)	邦 (中央直辖区)	2011年人口(人)	城镇化率(%)	人口密度(人/km²)
北方邦	199,581,477	26.17	828	恰蒂斯加尔邦	25,540,196	23.24	189
马哈拉施特拉邦	112,372,972	45.22	365	北阿坎德邦	10,116,752	30.23	189
比哈尔邦	103,804,637	11.30	1102	喜马偕尔邦	6,856,509	10.03	123
西孟加拉邦	91,347,736	31.87	1029	特里普拉邦	3,671,032	48.40	350
安得拉邦	84,665,533	33.36	308	梅加拉亚邦	2,964,007	20.07	132
中央邦	72,597,565	27.63	236	曼尼普尔邦	2,721,756	29.21	122
泰米尔纳德邦(马德拉斯邦)	72,138,958	23.21	555	那加兰邦	1,980,602	28.86	119
拉贾斯坦邦	68,621,012	24.87	201	果阿邦	1,457,723	62.17	394
卡纳塔克邦(迈索尔邦)	61,130,704	38.67	319	米佐位姆邦	1,091,014	52.11	52
古吉拉特邦	60,383,628	42.60	308	锡金邦	607,688	25.15	86
奥里萨邦	41,947,358	16.69	269	德里	16,753,235	97.50	9340
喀拉拉邦	33,387,677	47.70	859	本地治里	1,244,464	68.33	2598
贾坎德邦	32,966,238	24.05	414	昌迪加尔	1,054,686	97.25	9252
阿萨姆邦	31,169,272	14.10	397	安达曼和尼科巴群岛	379,944	37.70	46
旁遮普邦	27,704,236	37.48	550	达德拉—纳加尔哈维利	342,853	46.72	698
哈里亚纳邦	25,353,081	34.88	573	达曼和第乌	242,911	75.17	2169
查谟和克什米尔邦(印占)	12,548,926	27.38	56	拉克沙群岛	64,429	78.07	2013

年份	中国			印度
年份	Pearson相关性分析		Spearman相关性	Pearson相关性	Spearman相关性
1990/1991年	0.143	0.047		0.846^**	0.483^**
2000/2001年	0.706^**	0.393^**		0.820^**	0.441^**
2010/2011年	0.719^**	0.546^**		0.769^**	0.453^**

	中国			印度
	a		b	a	b
数值	10.7622	-0.8251		10.5622	-0.9380
拟合优度(R²)	0.9936		0.99

年份	中国			印度
年份	Pearson相关性		Spearman相关性	Pearson相关性	Spearman相关性
1950年城市规模与城市规模增长（1950-1980/1990年）	0.730^**	0.860^**		0.857^**	0.646^**
1950年城市规模与城市规模增长（1980/1990-2015年）	0.768^**	0.350^**		0.623^**	0.496^**
1980/1990年城市规模与城市规模增长（1980/1990-2015年）	0.796^**	0.440^**		0.848^**	0.737^**

年份	中国			印度
年份	Pearson相关性		Spearman相关性	Pearson相关性	Spearman相关性
到六大城市的距离与城市规模增长(1950-1980/1990年)	-0.053(0.301)	-0.146^**(0.004)		0.108(0.176)	0.155(0.050)
到六大城市的距离与城市规模增长(1980/1990-2015年)	-0.189^**(0.000)	-0.243^**(0.000)		0.016(0.837)	0.020(0.806)

Comparative research on regional differences in urbanization and spatial evolution of urban systems between China and India

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