河北雄安新区建设的区域地表本底特征与生态管控

doi:10.11821/dlxb201706001

Abstract

Abstract:

Development of Xiong'an New District (XND) is integral to the implementation of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) Integration Initiative. It is intended to ease the non-capital functions of Beijing, optimize regional spatial patterns, and enhance ecosystem services and living environment in this urban agglomeration. Applying multi-stage remote sensing (RS) images, land use/cover change (LULC) data, ecosystem services assessment data, and high-precision urban land-cover information, we reveal the regional land-cover characteristics of this new district as well as across the planned area of the entire BTH urban agglomeration. Corresponding ecological protection and management strategies are also proposed. Results indicated that built-up areas were rapidly expanding, leading to a continuous impervious surface at high density. Urban and impervious surface areas (ISAs) grew at rates 1.27 and 1.43 times higher than that in 2000, respectively, seriously affecting about 15% area of the sub-basins. Construction of XND mainly encompasses Xiongxian, Rongcheng, and Anxin counties, areas which predominantly comprise farmland, townships and rural settlements, water, and wetland ecosystems. The development and construction of XND should ease the non-capital functions of Beijing, as well as moderately control population and industrial growth. Thus, this development should be included within the national 'sponge city' construction pilot area in early planning stages, and reference should be made to international low-impact development modes in order to strengthen urban green infrastructural construction. Early stage planning based on the existing characteristics of the underlying surface should consider the construction of green ecological patches and ecological corridors between XND and the cities of Baoding, Beijing, and Tianjin. The proportion of impervious surfaces should not exceed 60%, while that of the core area should not exceed 70%. The development of XND needs to initiate the concept of 'planning a city according to water resource amount' and incorporate rainwater collection and recycling.

Key words: Xiong'an New District, urban land use, urban impervious surface, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration, ecological protection strategies

Wenhui KUANG, Tianrong YANG, Fengqin YAN. Regional urban land-cover characteristics and ecological regulation during the construction of Xiong'an New District, Hebei Province, China[J].Acta Geographica Sinica, 2017, 72(6): 947-959.

Figures/Tables 9

Tab. 1

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Tab. 2

Fig. 4

Tab. 3

Fig. 5

Tab. 4

The eco-environment potential impact and protection strategy for Xiong'an New District construction

新区建设预期影响与调控指标	近期新区建设	中期新区建设		远期新区建设
新区建设预期影响与调控指标	预期到2020年	预期到2025年	预期到2030年	预期到2050年
城市建成区人口规模	50~100万人	100~200万人	200~500万人	500万人以上
城市建成区用地规模	60~120 km²	120~240 km²	240~600 km²	600 km²以上
城市土地利用与产业调控模式	以疏解北京非首都功能承载人口和产业为主,除此以外需适度控制		加强边缘区生态隔离带建设,严控连绵集聚蔓延式增长
地面硬化不透水地表控制	建成区硬化不透水地表占比控制在60% 以内		建成区硬化不透水地表面积占比控制在50%~60%,城市绿化率高于40%
土地利用	以占用耕地和乡镇农村居民点为主,构建城区与白洋淀湖泊生态保护隔离带		加强与保定、北京和天津城市之间绿化生态斑块和生态廊道管控、防止沿交通轴线连续成片发展
城市热岛	城市热岛空间范围扩展,但通过城市生态结构管控,热岛强度应控制在1℃		城市热岛空间范围继续扩展,通过科学规划,热岛强度应控制在1~1.5℃
生态潜在影响与控制策略	地势低洼,易受暴雨洪水的影响;建筑、人口、产业等集聚会降低生态系统水源涵养等服务功能		城市硬化不透水地表连绵式扩展,加之地势较低,会增加洪水等灾害的风险性。必须考虑生态斑块和廊道镶嵌式的生态城市规划设计
环境潜在影响与控制策略	地势低洼平坦,高楼等建筑会影响局地大气扩散能力,会加剧灰霾等污染,除点源污染外,城市不透水地表会造成城市面源污染,影响白洋淀淡水水质。必须严格制定产业准入制度,高标准处理“三废”		所在子流域不透水地表面积比例超过15%~25%比例,严重影响流域生态系统健康状况,甚至对白洋淀水质产生严重影响。必须制定城市绿色发展路线图,指导“一张蓝图绘到底”的生态城市建设

Tab. 4

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县名称	行政区划面积(km²)	人口状况(万人)				经济状况(亿元)
县名称	行政区划面积(km²)	户籍总人口		农业人口	非农业人口	地区生产总值	第一产业增加值	第二产业增加值	第三产业增加值
容城县	314	27.31	13.73	13.58		57.75	9.71	34.15	13.89
安新县	729	46.30	32.35	13.95		62.56	8.85	36.04	17.67
雄县	514	39.41	26.12	13.29		90.75	10.13	63.56	17.06
总计	1557	113.02	72.20	40.82		211.06	28.69	133.75	48.62

影响等级	子流域内不透水地表面积比例(%)	子流域状况
影响等级	子流域内不透水地表面积比例(%)	数量(个)	数量比例(%)	面积(km²)	面积比例(%)
无影响	0.0~1.0	36	39.13	47049.57	21.85
轻度影响	1.0~5.0	16	17.39	71577.27	33.25
中度影响	5.0~10.0	14	15.22	51203.34	23.78
重度影响	10.0~25.0	12	13.04	34548.59	16.05
严重影响	25.0~100.0	14	15.22	10920.65	5.07
总计		92	100.00	215299.4	100.00

县名称	农田		林地	水域及湿地	城镇和乡村聚落
县名称	水田		林地	旱地	城镇建成区	乡镇及农村聚落	独立工矿
容城县	0.00	224.72	1.59	5.70	9.22	67.29	5.22
雄县	51.56	391.61	1.02	163.90	7.56	99.79	10.55
安新县	0.00	399.90	6.51	5.48	17.58	79.74	6.42
总计	51.56	1016.23	9.12	175.08	34.37	246.82	22.20

Regional urban land-cover characteristics and ecological regulation during the construction of Xiong'an New District, Hebei Province, China

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