新仙女木期黄河晋陕峡谷古风成沙层年代及其物质来源

doi:10.11821/dlxb201705003

Abstract

Abstract:

Fieldwork investigations were carried out in the Hukou-Longmen reach in the Jin-Shaan (Shanxi-Shaanxi) Gorges of the Yellow River. Paleo-aeolian sand layers were found interbedded in the Late Pleistocene and Holocene loess-soil profile—Beisangyu profile (BSY). Analytical results, including field investigation, magnetic susceptibility, grain-size distribution, surface textures of quartz sand, and geochemical elements, indicate that the paleo-aeolian sands are medium-sized sandy fine sands, which were formed in a dry and windy climate. And the extreme drought events recorded by paleo-aeolian sand layers were dated to 12.5-11.6 ka, with optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating method. The extreme drought event coincided with the Younger Dryas that was recorded by the lacustrine sediment profiles and the aeolian loess-soil profiles in the desert/loess transitional zone in the adjacent region. The paleo-aeolian sands were sourced mainly from ancient riverbed sands in the Jin-Shaan Gorges of the Yellow River. The Jin-Shaan Gorges is situated in a semi-arid zone with a temperate continental monsoonal climate. The region responds sensitively to global change. During the Younger Dryas period, the region is in an extremely dry and cold environment, with strong winter monsoon and weak summer monsoon. The water level of the Yellow River will decline obviously. Consequently, floodplains and channel bars in the river are exposed in a broad area, and a large quantity of sand material drifts to the banks of the river under the force of the wind, which becomes the main source of the paleo-aeolian sand layer in the platforms on the gentle slopes on both sides of the river valley. These results would be of great significance in further understanding the temporal regularities of the extreme drought event and the relations between extreme drought event and monsoonal climate change.

Key words: Yellow River, Jin-Shaan Gorges, Younger Dryas, paleo-aeolian sand layer, OSL dating

Yuzhu ZHANG, Chunchang HUANG, Yinglu CHEN, Zhihai TAN, Lirong YANG, Yunxiang ZHANG, Haijun QIU, Bo LIU, Fazhu ZHAO. Age and provenance of Younger Dryas paleo-aeolian sandlayers in the Jin-Shaan Gorges of the Yellow River[J].Acta Geographica Sinica, 2017, 72(5): 790-803.

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沉积地层	地层符号	颜色	地层描述
坡积土层 (20~0 cm)	Slope deposit (SD)	灰黄色	坡积石渣土,分选极差,含有中间夹有坡积物角砾石块,厚度在10~20 cm之间。
古风成沙层 (500~20 cm)	Aeolian sand	灰黄色	中沙质细沙,分选极好,很疏松,马兰黄土地形面延展,厚度在50~400 cm之间,水平延伸距离达10 m,高度由顶部至两坡侧逐渐降低,直至尖灭,古风成沙层中可见到明显的风成层理,包括了厚度极薄(小于或等于1~2 mm)的加积纹层构成的水平层理,厚度在几毫米至数厘米前积纹层构成的倾向偏南的平板状或楔形交错层理,以及由加积纹层与前积纹层组成的水平—交错层理。
马兰黄土层 (> 500 cm)	Malan loess (L₁)	浊黄橙色	极细沙质粉沙,分选好,块状构造,疏松多孔,厚度大于500 cm,未见底。
现代河床相沙层	Riverbed sand	灰黄色	粉沙质中沙,分选较好,很疏松。
现代沙丘沙层	Modern dune sand	棕黄色	中沙质细沙,分选极好,很疏松。

样品编号	地层层位	深度 (cm)	U (ppm)	Th (ppm)	K (%)	含水量 (%)	等效剂量 De (Gy)	环境剂量 Dy (Gy ka^-1)	年龄 (ka)
BSY-1	古风成沙层	22.5	1.02±0.05	4.97±0.17	2.16±0.06	14.0	30.39±1.64	2.64±0.06	11.6±0.7
BSY-2	古风成沙层	52.5	0.81±0.05	3.89±0.14	2.21±0.06	14.0	27.98±1.02	2.34±0.06	11.9±0.5
BSY-3	古风成沙层	497.5	1.10±0.06	4.72±0.17	2.18±0.06	14.0	32.02±1.02	2.55±0.06	12.5±0.5
BSY-4	马兰黄土层	502.5	2.46±0.10	11.30±0.32	1.76±0.06	15.8	36.73±1.20	2.92±0.07	12.6±0.5

沉积地层	低频磁化率(×10^-8m³/kg)	高频磁化率(×10^-8m³/kg)	频率磁化率(%)
古风成沙层上部	27.12	26.46	2.43
古风成沙层下部	28.54	26.38	7.57
马兰黄土层	34.65	33.24	4.07
现代河床相沙层	25.80	24.43	5.31
现代沙丘沙层	14.52	14.33	1.31

沉积地层	粘土 (<2 μm, %)	粉沙 (2~63 μm, %)	极细沙 (63~125 μm, %)	细沙 (125~250 μm, %)	中沙 (250~500 μm, %)	粗沙 (>500 μm, %)
古风成沙层上部	0.00	2.87	12.20	45.86	36.82	2.25
古风成沙层下部	0.00	2.79	13.80	45.59	35.19	2.63
马兰黄土层	5.92	71.07	20.77	1.71	0.41	0.12
现代河床相沙层	2.97	24.94	12.03	17.39	31.58	11.09
现代沙丘沙层	0.83	2.26	11.70	58.80	25.60	0.83

沉积地层	中值粒径(Md, μm)	平均粒径(Mz, μm)	标准偏差(σ)	分选系数(S)	偏态(SK)	峰态(Kg)
古风成沙层上部	219.05	213.17	0.73	0.49	0.09	0.99
古风成沙层下部	213.17	228.12	0.75	0.51	0.09	0.99
马兰黄土层	38.02	31.34	1.60	0.79	0.41	1.56
现代河床相沙层	203.49	140.98	2.04	1.33	0.49	1.11
现代沙丘沙层	196.50	178.70	0.60	0.39	0.10	1.09

Age and provenance of Younger Dryas paleo-aeolian sandlayers in the Jin-Shaan Gorges of the Yellow River

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沉积地层	Fe₂O₃ (%)	SiO₂ (%)	Al₂O₃ (%)	MgO (%)	CaO (%)	Na₂O (%)	Ba (ppm)	Rb (ppm)	Sr (ppm)	Cu (ppm)	Cr (ppm)	Zr (ppm)
古风成沙层上部	1.53	61.42	8.76	0.64	2.58	3.37	631.60	66.00	269.60	2.80	22.80	183.40
古风成沙层下部	1.58	59.08	8.47	0.68	2.72	3.15	603.90	65.90	272.60	2.30	25.90	166.90
马兰黄土层	4.12	55.51	11.31	1.92	5.96	1.46	498.80	84.60	180.30	17.60	59.20	256.60
现代河床相沙层	1.38	66.84	6.43	0.57	2.71	2.17	530.70	62.10	168.40	4.00	21.50	158.50
现代沙丘沙层	1.49	81.29	7.13	0.62	1.06	1.48	497.10	55.80	113.30	6.40	119.30	119.80

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