三峡大坝下游水位变化与河道形态调整关系研究

doi:10.11821/dlxb201705002

Abstract

Abstract:

In this study, data measured from 1955-2016 was analyzed to study the relationship between the water level and river channel geometry adjustment in the downstream of the Three Gorges Dam (TGD) after the impoundment of the dam. The results highlighted the following facts: (1) for the same flow, the drought water level decreased, however, flood water level changed little. The lowest water level increased, while the highest water level decreased at the hydrologic stations in the downstream of the dam; (2) the distribution of erosion and deposition along the river channel changed from "erosion at channels and deposition at bankfulls" to "erosion at both channels and bankfulls"; the ratio of low water channel erosion to bankfull channel erosion was 95.5% from October 2002 to October 2015, with variations in different impoundment stages; (3) the drought water level decrease slowed down during the channel erosion in the Upper Jingjiang River and the reaches ahead but sped up in the Lower Jingjiang River and the reaches behind; concrete measures should be taken to prevent the decrease in the channel water level; (4) erosion was the basis for channel dimension upscaling in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River; the drought water level decrease was smaller than the thalweg decline; both channel water depth and width increased under the combined effects of the channel and waterway regulations; and (5) the geometry of the channels above the bankfulls did not change much; however, the comprehensive channel resistance increased under the combined effects of the river bed coarsening, bench vegetation, and human activities; as a result, the flood water level increased markedly and moderate flood to high water level phenomena occurred, which should be considered. The Three Gorges Reservoir effectively enhances the flood defense capacity of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River; however, the superposition effect of tributary floods cannot be ruled out.

Key words: low water level, flood level, riverbed adjustment, cause analysis, Three Gorges Dam, middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River

Yunping YANG, Mingjin ZHANG, Zhaohua SUN, Jianqiao HAN, Huaguo LI, Xingying YOU. The relationship between water level change and river channel geometry adjustment in the downstream of the Three Gorges Dam (TGD)[J].Acta Geographica Sinica, 2017, 72(5): 776-789.

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序号	水文站及河段	资料内容	资料长度	数据来源
1	宜昌、枝城、沙市、监利、螺山、汉口、大通	水量、输沙量、流量、水位	1955-2016年	长江泥沙公报长江水利委员会水文局
2	洞庭湖三口、城陵矶鄱阳湖湖口	水量、沙量、流量	1955-2016年	长江泥沙公报长江水利委员会水文局
3	宜昌—湖口河段	冲淤量	1987-2015年	长江水利委员会水文局
4	宜昌—汉口水尺	水位	1981-2014年	长江航道规划设计研究院

时间段	河段名称	宜昌—枝城	上荆江	下荆江	城陵矶—汉口	汉口—湖口
时间段	河长(km)	60.8	171.7	175.5	251.0	295.4
三峡水库蓄水前（1981-2002年）	枯水河槽(%)	102.0	100.6	9.2	17.5	69.6
	低滩(%)	-2.0	-0.6	-109.2	-117.5	-169.6
	高滩(%)	-2.0	-0.6	-109.2	-117.5	-169.6
2003-2008年 (2002年10月-2008年10月)	枯水河槽(%)	88.6	89.6	73.2	301.8	60.4
	低滩(%)	1.7	2.2	11.6	-30.7	48.3
	高滩(%)	9.6	8.2	15.2	-171.1	-8.7
2009-2014年 (2008年10月-2015年11月)	枯水河槽(%)	96.4	94.0	95.4	95.3	115.0
	低滩(%)	4.8	3.1	-0.4	5.8	-11.4
	高滩(%)	-1.1	2.9	5.0	-1.1	-3.6

河床组成类型	砂卵石河段	砂卵石~沙质过渡段	沙质河段
河段	宜昌—枝城(61 km)	枝城—大埠街(50 km)	荆江沙质段(208 km)	城陵矶—湖口(546 km)
增加倍数	1.91	1.65	1.03	1.02

The relationship between water level change and river channel geometry adjustment in the downstream of the Three Gorges Dam (TGD)

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